RAFT polymerization to form stimuli-responsive polymers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Moad
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Biological Signals ◽  
External Stimuli

Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Framework-Based Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Menglian Wei ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Xueji Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Reversible Phase Transition ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Organic Framework

Metal-organic framework (MOF) based stimuli-responsive polymers (coordination polymers) exhibit reversible phase-transition behavior and demonstrate attractive properties that are capable of altering physical and/or chemical properties upon exposure to external stimuli, including pH, temperature, ions, etc., in a dynamic fashion. Thus, their conformational change can be imitated by the adsorption/desorption of target analytes (guest molecules), temperature or pressure changes, and electromagnetic field manipulation. MOF-based stimuli responsive polymers have received great attention due to their advanced optical properties and variety of applications. Herein, we summarized some recent progress on MOF-based stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) classified by physical and chemical responsiveness, including temperature, pressure, electricity, pH, metal ions, gases, alcohol and multi-targets.

scholarly journals Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglian Wei ◽  
Yongfeng Gao ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Michael J. Serpe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymer ◽  
External Stimuli

Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. This review highlights their use for sensing and biosensing, drug delivery, and artificial muscles/actuators.

Bio-inspired self-healing polyurethanes with multiple stimulus responsiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3362-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Fenfen Wang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Rongchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
External Stimuli

High-performance stimuli-responsive polymers that exhibit spontaneous, sophisticated and reversible responses to a wide range of external stimuli are reported, adapting a stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent chemical crosslinker and a biomimetic modular polymer design.

scholarly journals Recent progress in the shape deformation of polymeric hydrogels from memory to actuation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyi Wu ◽  
Huanhuan Lu ◽  
Xiaoxia Le ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Reversible Deformation ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
External Stimuli

Shape deformation hydrogels, which are one of the most promising and essential classes of stimuli-responsive polymers, could provide large-scale and reversible deformation under external stimuli.

scholarly journals Applications of polymeric adjuvants in studying autoimmune responses and vaccination against infectious diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (79) ◽  
pp. 20120536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Shakya ◽  
Kutty Selva Nandakumar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Vaccine Potential ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Depot Effect ◽  
External Stimuli

Polymers as an adjuvant are capable of enhancing the vaccine potential against various infectious diseases and also are being used to study the actual autoimmune responses using self-antigen(s) without involving any major immune deviation. Several natural polysaccharides and their derivatives originating from microbes and plants have been tested for their adjuvant potential. Similarly, numerous synthetic polymers including polyelectrolytes, polyesters, polyanhydrides, non-ionic block copolymers and external stimuli responsive polymers have demonstrated adjuvant capacity using different antigens. Adjuvant potential of these polymers mainly depends on their solubility, molecular weight, degree of branching and the conformation of polymeric backbone. These polymers have the ability not only to activate humoral but also cellular immune responses in the host. The depot effect, which involves slow release of antigen over a long duration of time, using different forms (particulate, solution and gel) of polymers, and enhances the co-stimulatory signals for optimal immune activation, is the underlying principle of their adjuvant properties. Possibly, polymers may also interact and activate various toll-like receptors and inflammasomes, thus involving several innate immune system players in the ensuing immune response. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy production and purification, and non-toxic properties of most of the polymers make them attractive candidates for substituting conventional adjuvants that have undesirable effects in the host.

Recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymers for sensing and actuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Liang Hu ◽  
Tong Shu ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Changhao Fang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
External Stimuli

Stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) are capable of changing their solubility, conformation, and volume in response to external stimuli. Here, we detail how SRPs can be used for sensing and actuation, and focus on the response mechanism.

Amino-functional polyethers: versatile, stimuli-responsive polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3940-3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Verkoyen ◽  
Holger Frey
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
New Class ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers

Amino-functional polyethers have emerged as a new class of “smart”, i.e. pH- and thermoresponsive materials. This review article summarizes the synthesis and applications of these materials, obtained from ring-opening of suitable epoxide monomers.

Smart Drug Release Systems Based on Stimuli-Responsive Polymers

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyan Qing ◽  
Minmin Li ◽  
Lijing Deng ◽  
Ziyu Lv ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Smart Drug

scholarly journals Thermo- and Photoresponsive Behaviors of Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Organogels Consisting of Homopolymers of Coumarin-Containing Methacrylate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Seidai Okada ◽  
Eriko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Coumarin-containing vinyl homopolymers, such as poly(7-methacryloyloxycoumarin) (P1a) and poly(7-(2′-methacryloyloxyethoxy)coumarin) (P1b), show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in chloroform, which can be controlled by the [2 + 2] photochemical cycloaddition of the coumarin moiety, and they are recognized as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. A single functional group of monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers responds to dual stimuli and can be introduced more uniformly and densely than those of dual-functional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. In this study, considering a wide range of applications, organogels consisting of P1a and P1b, i.e., P1a-gel and P1b-gel, respectively, were synthesized, and their thermo- and photoresponsive behaviors in chloroform were investigated in detail. P1a-gel and P1b-gel in a swollen state (transparent) exhibited phase separation (turbid) through a temperature jump and reached a shrunken state (transparent), i.e., an equilibrium state, over time. Moreover, the equilibrium degree of swelling decreased non-linearly with increasing temperature. Furthermore, different thermoresponsive sites were photopatterned on the organogel through the photodimerization of the coumarin unit. The organogels consisting of homopolymers of coumarin-containing methacrylate exhibited unique thermo- and photoresponsivities and behaved as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive organogels.

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