Gene-based therapy largely relies on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient
transfection into the target cells with maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. Although, genes
delivered utilizing modified viruses transfect efficiently and precisely, these vectors can cause
severe immunological responses and are potentially carcinogenic. A promising method of
overcoming this limitation is the use of non-viral vectors, including cationic lipids, polymers,
dendrimers, and peptides, which offer potential routes for compacting DNA for targeted delivery.
Although non-viral vectors exhibit reduced transfection efficiency compared to their viral
counterpart, their superior biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and potential for large-scale
production make them increasingly attractive for modern therapy. There has been a great deal of
interest in the development of biomimetic chimeric peptides. Biomimetic chimeric peptides contain
different motifs for gene translocation into the nucleus of the desired cells. They have motifs for
gene targeting into the desired cell, condense DNA into nanosize particles, translocate the gene into
the nucleus and enhance the release of the particle into the cytoplasm. These carriers were
developed in recent years. This review highlights the stepwise development of the biomimetic
chimeric peptides currently being used in gene delivery.
Trichain cationic lipids: the potential of their lipoplexes for gene delivery