Inter-technique comparison of PIXE and XRF for lake sediments

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Ouahabi ◽  
G. Chêne ◽  
D. Strivay ◽  
J. Vander Auwera ◽  
A. Hubert-Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Technique Comparison

In this paper we describe a validation procedure for the chemical analysis of major elements and some minor elements such as Sr, Cr, Ni, Zn and Zr in heterogeneous geological sediments.

Manganese and Iron in Globoid Crystals of Protein Bodies From Avena and Casuarina

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Buttrose
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Seeds

The storage protein bodies of plant seeds usually contain globoid crystals with a high content of phytin, a rich store of Mg, P, K and Ca. By energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Mn and Fe have now been located in the globoid crystals of protein bodies in the seed embryos of Avena sativa and Casuarina species. Their levels in sections of globoids, relative to the levels of the major elements present, is consistent with their relative levels stored in whole seeds of various species as determined by chemical analysis.

scholarly journals ENDAPAN MINERAL BERAT DI PERAIRAN PACIRAN DAN SEKITARNYA, LAMONGAN JAWA TIMUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udaya Kamiludin ◽  
Maman Surachman ◽  
Wayan Lugra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Sandy Silt

Sedimen permukaan dasar laut di perairan Paciran dan sekitarnya umumnya mengandung magnetit, hematit, limonit, piroksen, amfibol, biotit, pirit dan rutil. Ragam mineral berat ini terdapat pada satuan lanau pasiran, pasir lanauan dan pasir. Unsur utama pembentuk mineral berat yang terlihat dari analisis kimia berupa SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O,Na2O dan TiO2. Selain terbentuk secara mekanik endapan mineral berat ini, terutama magnetit dan pirit sebagian terbentuk secara insitu. The surficial sediments Paciran waters and its vicinity consist of magnetite, hematite, limonite, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, pyrite and rutile. These heavy minerals can be found in sandy silt, silty sand and sand. The major elements of these heavy minerals can be seen from the chemical analysis as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O,Na2O and TiO2. Another mechanical processes of these heavy mineral deposits, especialy magnetite and pyrite, some are formed authogenically.

scholarly journals Spreading of Groundwater Contamined by Leached in the Surrounding Area of Piyungan Landfill Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
J Sartohadi ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
I. Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objectives of this research are: (1) to study the characteristics of aquifer, distribution and chemical types of groundwater in the research area; (2) to measure the consentration of major elements (HC03-, Cl-, S042-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and minor elements (S2-, NH4+) as indicators of leached contamination in the groundwater; and (3) to establish the spreading of contamined groundwater by leached. The grid sampling method was applied in this research. The grid dimension is 1 cm x 1 cm measured in the 1:25000 scale of Indonesian Topographic Map. The groundwater samples were taken randomly within the grid. Not the whole study area covered by the map was grided but only the surrounding area of Piyungan Landfill and the area lower than Piyungan landfill were grided. The groundwater samples were taken during the rainy season because during the rainy season there were more leached produced from Piyungan Landfill. The groundwater samples were examined their physical and chemical qualities using the legal standard quality in Yogyakarta Province. Spatial analysis using maps and graphics were applied to examine the spreading of contimined groundwater by leached. The spreading of unconfined groundwater in the study area was not equal distributed but it seems to be controlled by the landforms. There were an increasing elements content of Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3-, as well as dissolved oxygen, NO3- and S2- in the groundwater contamined by leached. The zonation of the spreading of groundwater contamined by leached was categorized into three class, i.e., central (location of landfill, well number 1 0), transisional (well number: 11, 12, 13, 15), and primary (well number: 8, 14, 16, 17, 25, 26) zones. The zonation of groundwater matched with the analysis of groundwater quality by the distance from the Piyungan Landfill.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL STUDY OF THE PELLANA LIGNITE (PREFECTURE OF LAKONIA)

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Α. Χατζηαποστόλου ◽  
Σ. Καλαϊτζίδης ◽  
Σ. Παπαζησίμου ◽  
Κ. Χρηστάνης ◽  
Δ. Βάγιας
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Element Mobility ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Type Factor

The aim of this study is to estimate the environmental impacts in case of exploitation the Pellanalignites for power generation. The object of the study is to predict the element mobility during lignite combustion using mineralogical and geochemical data from bulk-lignite samples and their ashes of two cores from this area. The mineralogical determinations on the ashes revealed that quartz, K-feldspars and illitemicas are the major mineral phases contained in the lignite. The identification of anhydrite in ashes implies the presence of gypsum, althought neoformation of anhydrite from organic associated with Ca+2 and SO42 can not be excluded. These minerals correspond to primary phases. Oxides and hydroxides occur subordinately and probably represent minerals that do not correspond to primary phases. The results of the elemental analysis show that the major elements (>1000 ppm) are AI, Fe, Ca, Mg and Κ in the bulk samples of both cores. Minor elements (100-1000 ppm) are Na, Mn and Ba, while the concentrations of Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Eu, Ga, Hf, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nb, Nd, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Te, Th, TI, U, Y, Yb and Zr do not exceed 100 ppm. The concentrations of many elements like As, Ba, Cr, Ni, V and Zn have a wide range among the bulk samples. In order to assess the geochemical affiliation of the studied elements, R-type factor analysis was applied on the element contents of bulk lignite and ash. The elements Ca, S, V, As, Μη, Mo, Na, Sb, Hf, Zr and U provide both organic and inorganic affiliations, while Se and Nb provide organic affiliations. To approach the mobility of each trace element, the relative enrichment factor (RE) was calculated. The most depleted trace elements according to RE mean (<0.5) are Hf and Sb, while the elements Se and Ba are moderately depleted (0.7>RE mean>0.5).

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Mineralogy, and Thermo-Kinetic Characterisation of Newly Discovered Nigerian Coals under Pyrolysis and Combustion Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Aliyu Jauro ◽  
Segun Ajayi Akinyemi ◽  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
Mohammed Baba Nasirudeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three (3) newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values (HHV) ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surfaces, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% – 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% – 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter, vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite macerals. Kinetic analysis revealed that the coal samples are highly reactive under the non-isothermal oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats-Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 kJ/mol – 89.56 kJ/mol whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) ranged from 6.77×10 -04 min -1 – 1.72×10 03 min -1 under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either industrial applications or energy recovery.

Use of the Soft X-Ray Spectrograph and the Electron-Probe Microanalyzer for Determination of Elements Carbon Through Iron in Minerals and Rocks

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 487-503
Author(s):  
A. K. Baird ◽  
D. H. Zenger
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Sodium Magnesium

AbstractThe major elements m common rocks are of low atomic number, but analyses of high precision are possible by soft X-ray spectrography if several grams of rock sample are available. The electron-probe microanalyzer is shown to complement this established method by permitting analyses of particles as small as 1 μ in diameter. This paper describes applications of these methods to the analysis of the major and minor elements of silicate, carbonate, and phosphate minerals and rocks.Elements of particular interest are as follows : carbon in particles enclosed in carbonate rocks; oxygen, as the major constituent of the specimens; phosphorus in phosphatic nodules and apatites; manganese and iron, as colorations in fossil shells; and the group oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, and iron as complex segregations and zonations within single crystals of several mineral phases.If the bulk composition of a rock is known, and also the chemistry of the constituent minerals, it is possible to compute quantitative minéralogie analyses of high precision. Thus, the combined use of soft X-ray spectrography and electronprobe microanalysis can provide quantitative chemical and mineralogicat information on the earth's crust on all scales from thousands of square miles (by means of appropriate sampling) down to the scale of 1 μ.

Studies of elemental composition as a biological marker in insects. I. The influence of soil type and host-plant on elemental composition of Noctua pronuba (L). (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bowden ◽  
P. G. N. Digby ◽  
P. L. Sherlock
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractWavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to make quantitative determinations of the elemental composition of adults of Noctua pronuba (L.) that had been reared on eight soil-plant combinations and a semi-synthetic diet. There were two host-plants, beans and lettuce, each grown in two clay soils of different acidity, a sand and a commercial potting compost. Analyses were done for fifteen elements: K, P, S, Mg, Ca, Cl, Zn, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr and Ti. Two groups of elements were distinguished; the first six, or major elements, each with an average content about equal to or more than 1000 μg/g, and the last nine, or minor elements, each with an average content of <1000 μg/g. The second group was subdivided into four, Zn, Si, Al, Fe, each with an average content of >100 μg/g and four, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, of <100 μg/g; Ti was of erratic occurrence and was excluded from most statistical analyses. When all elements in all soil-plant combinations were considered, principal components analyses showed no distinction between insects reared on any soil-plant combination, probably because of interactions between host-plants and soils. When data were grouped into two host-plant subsets and only the major elements were analysed, soils were separable within each host-plant subset. In each case, the two clay soils were clearly separable from the other two soils but not from each other. In both host-plant subsets, sexes were distinguishable by a consistently higher K content in males. No clear separations were evident in either host-plant subset when all eight minor elements were considered or when these were separated into two further groups. This work indicates that (i) characteristic elemental compositions, or chemoprints, are present in N. pronuba; (ii) choice, not necessarily number, of elements is likely to be critical in describing and interpreting chemoprints; (iii) chemoprinting is unlikely to enable sources of populations to be identified in polyphagous species like N. pronuba; and (iv) the environmentally linked variation in chemical composition, affecting biologically essential elements, may have important consequences in the population dynamics of migratory and parthenogenetic species.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Mineralogy, and Thermo-Kinetic Characterisation of Newly Discovered Nigerian Coals under Pyrolysis and Combustion Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Aliyu Jauro ◽  
Segun Ajayi Akinyemi ◽  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
Mohammed Baba Nasirudeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three (3) newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values (HHV) ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surfaces, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (M L ) ranges from 30.51% – 87.57% and residual mass (R M ) from 12.44% – 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter, vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite macerals. Kinetic analysis revealed that the coal samples are highly reactive under the non-isothermal oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats-Redfern Model. The activation energy ( E a ) ranged from 23.81 kJ/mol – 89.56 kJ/mol whereas the pre-exponential factor ( k o ) ranged from 6.77×10 -04 min -1 – 1.72×10 03 min -1 under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either industrial applications or energy recovery.

scholarly journals SPLOTCH, A PHYSIOLOGICAL LEAF DISEASE OF WHEAT: I. NUTRITIONAL STUDIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Golden Ball ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Manganese Magnesium ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

A leaf disease observed in Golden Ball and other durum wheats for a number of years is described and named splotch. It was reproduced in the greenhouse by growing these varieties in nitrogen-deficient soils and was reduced or prevented by the use of nitrate fertilizers. Chemical analysis of leaves demonstrated that splotch increased as the total nitrogen decreased below 4 per cent. Phosphatic fertilizers were found to influence splotch, sometimes increasing it, especially where yields were increased, and at other times decreasing it. Their effects are considered to be indirect and related to the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. The addition of the minor elements boron, manganese, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, and copper to the soil as a mixture increased splotch.

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