scholarly journals End-to-end machine learning for experimental physics: using simulated data to train a neural network for object detection in video microscopy

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Minor ◽  
Stian D. Howard ◽  
Adam A. S. Green ◽  
Matthew A. Glaser ◽  
Cheol S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Video Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
Simulated Images

We demonstrate a method for training a convolutional neural network with simulated images for usage on real-world experimental data.

scholarly journals Identification of Natural Selection in Genomic Data with Deep Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Nguembang Fadja ◽  
Fabrizio Riguzzi ◽  
Giorgio Bertorelle ◽  
Emiliano Trucchi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes

Abstract Background: With the increase in the size of genomic datasets describing variability in populations, extracting relevant information becomes increasingly useful as well as complex. Recently, computational methodologies such as Supervised Machine Learning and specifically Convolutional Neural Networks have been proposed to order to make inferences on demographic and adaptive processes using genomic data, Even though it was already shown to be powerful and efficient in different fields of investigation, Supervised Machine Learning has still to be explored as to unfold its enormous potential in evolutionary genomics. Results: The paper proposes a method based on Supervised Machine Learning for classifying genomic data, represented as windows of genomic sequences from a sample of individuals belonging to the same population. A Convolutional Neural Network is used to test whether a genomic window shows the signature of natural selection. Experiments performed on simulated data show that the proposed model can accurately predict neutral and selection processes on genomic data with more than 99% accuracy.

scholarly journals Applied Machine Learning in Spiral Breast-CT: Can We Train a Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic, Standardized and Observer Independent Classification of Breast Density?

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Anna Landsmann ◽  
Jann Wieler ◽  
Patryk Hejduk ◽  
Alexander Ciritsis ◽  
Karol Borkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Breast Ct

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a machine learning algorithm to accurately classify parenchymal density in spiral breast-CT (BCT), using a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN). In this retrospectively designed study, 634 examinations of 317 patients were included. After image selection and preparation, 5589 images from 634 different BCT examinations were sorted by a four-level density scale, ranging from A to D, using ACR BI-RADS-like criteria. Subsequently four different dCNN models (differences in optimizer and spatial resolution) were trained (70% of data), validated (20%) and tested on a “real-world” dataset (10%). Moreover, dCNN accuracy was compared to a human readout. The overall performance of the model with lowest resolution of input data was highest, reaching an accuracy on the “real-world” dataset of 85.8%. The intra-class correlation of the dCNN and the two readers was almost perfect (0.92) and kappa values between both readers and the dCNN were substantial (0.71–0.76). Moreover, the diagnostic performance between the readers and the dCNN showed very good correspondence with an AUC of 0.89. Artificial Intelligence in the form of a dCNN can be used for standardized, observer-independent and reliable classification of parenchymal density in a BCT examination.

scholarly journals Identification of natural selection in genomic data with deep convolutional neural network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Nguembang Fadja ◽  
Fabrizio Riguzzi ◽  
Giorgio Bertorelle ◽  
Emiliano Trucchi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes

Abstract Background With the increase in the size of genomic datasets describing variability in populations, extracting relevant information becomes increasingly useful as well as complex. Recently, computational methodologies such as Supervised Machine Learning and specifically Convolutional Neural Networks have been proposed to make inferences on demographic and adaptive processes using genomic data. Even though it was already shown to be powerful and efficient in different fields of investigation, Supervised Machine Learning has still to be explored as to unfold its enormous potential in evolutionary genomics. Results The paper proposes a method based on Supervised Machine Learning for classifying genomic data, represented as windows of genomic sequences from a sample of individuals belonging to the same population. A Convolutional Neural Network is used to test whether a genomic window shows the signature of natural selection. Training performed on simulated data show that the proposed model can accurately predict neutral and selection processes on portions of genomes taken from real populations with almost 90% accuracy.

scholarly journals Brand Detection System using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Medical Object

In this paper a method of recognizing logos of the brand of cosmetic products using deep learning. There are several of hoax product which easily copies the famous brand’s logo and deteriorates the company’s image. The machine learning has proved to be useful in various of the fields like medical, object detection, vehicle logo recognitions. But till now very few of the works have been performed in cosmetic field. This field is covered using the model sequential convolutional neural network using Tensorflow and Keras. For the visual representation of the result Tensorboard is used. Work have been started with two of the brands-Lakme and L’Oreal. Depending upon the success of this technique, further brands for logo may be added for recognition. The accuracy of approximately 80% was obtained using this technique.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for Detection of Palm Oil Leaf Disease Visually using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Asrianda Asrianda ◽  
Hafizh Al Kautsar Aidilof ◽  
Yoga Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm

Artificial intelligence (AI) merupakan bidang ilmu pengetahuan yang saat ini menjadi isu yang menarik dan masih diteliti secara luas. Salah satu cabang dari pengembangan AI adalah computer vision yang di dalamnya terdapat topik pembahasan image classification dan object detection. Machine learning dapat dimanfaatkan di dalam bidang computer vision untuk melakukan object detection dan image classification, yaitu dengan menggunakan algoritma Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN banyak digunakan pada penelitian terdahulu karena akurasinya yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, CNN digunakan untuk mendeteksi jenis penyakit daun tanaman kelapa sawit, dengan dataset sebanyak 60 gambar, dimana 50 diantaranya merupakan daun dengan 5 jenis penyakit berbeda, yaitu Curvularia sp, Cochliobolus carbonus, Capnodium sp, Drecshlera, dan defisiensi unsur hara. Sedangkan 10 sisanya merupakan gambar daun sehat. Hasilnya, CNN dapat mendeteksi penyakit daun kelapa sawit dengan akurasi yang dihasilkan mencapai 99%.

scholarly journals Automated detection of superficial fungal infections from microscopic images through a regional convolutional neural network

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256290
Author(s):  
Taehan Koo ◽  
Moon Hwan Kim ◽  
Mihn-Sook Jue
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Images

Direct microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide is generally used as a screening method for diagnosing superficial fungal infections. Although this type of examination is faster than other diagnostic methods, it can still be time-consuming to evaluate a complete sample; additionally, it possesses the disadvantage of inconsistent reliability as the accuracy of the reading may differ depending on the performer’s skill. This study aims at detecting hyphae more quickly, conveniently, and consistently through deep learning using images obtained from microscopy used in real-world practice. An object detection convolutional neural network, YOLO v4, was trained on microscopy images with magnifications of 100×, 40×, and (100+40)×. The study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology at Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, using 3,707 images (1,255 images for training, 1,645 images for testing). The average precision was used to evaluate the accuracy of object detection. Precision recall curve analysis was performed for the hyphal location determination, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on the image classification. The F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity values were used as measures of the overall performance. The sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 95.2% and 100% in the 100× data model, and 99% and 86.6% in the 40× data model; the sensitivity and specificity in the combined (100+40)× data model were 93.2% and 89%, respectively. The performance of our model had high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that hyphae can be detected with reliable accuracy. Thus, our deep learning-based autodetection model can detect hyphae in microscopic images obtained from real-world practice. We aim to develop an automatic hyphae detection system that can be utilized in real-world practice through continuous research.

scholarly journals Investigasi pengaruh Step Training pada Skema Same-Padding untuk Metode Faster R-CNN dalam Teknologi Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Anky Aditya P ◽  
Suryo Adhi Wibowo ◽  
Rissa Rahmania
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Particle Filter ◽  
Real World ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Network Region

Abstract Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology with the concept of combining real-world dimensions with virtual world dimensions that are displayed in realtime. In the AR environment, interaction techniques used can vary. Marker-based AR is one type of AR that allows virtual objects to be displayed in the real world by using markers as pointers. In the use of marker-based AR required object detection method used for tracking markers. In this study, a system that can detect objects in the form of fingertips will be designed. In designing the system the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) method is used. R-CNN Faster is an object detection method which is a combination of the Fast R-CNN method and the Region Proposal Network (RPN). The results of the detection parameters will be used for tracking, namely the coordinates x, y, width, and length. This research uses the Faster R-CNN method because it has a faster computing speed compared to the previous method, namely Particle Filter. The Faster R-CNN method uses ResNet architecture as the core of CNN. The system configuration to be tested is the 25K, 50K and 75K step training with the same-padding scheme. The testing process is taken from a video consisting of 10800 training data and 3600 test data. The best system configuration based on parameter priority for AR technology is obtained in the 50K step training.Keyword: augmented reality, convolutional neural network, faster region-based convolutional neural network, region proposal network, ResNet.Abstrak Augmented Reality (AR) adalah teknologi dengan konsep menggabungkan dimensi dunia nyata dengan dimensi dunia virtual yang ditampilkan secara real-time. Dalam lingkungan AR, teknik interaksi yang digunakan dapat bermacam – macam. Marker-based AR merupakan salah satu jenis AR yang memungkinkan objek virtual ditampilkan ke dalam dunia nyata dengan digunakannya  marker sebagai pointer-nya. Dalam penggunaan AR berbasis marker diperlukan metode deteksi objek yang digunakan untuk tracking marker. Dalam penelitian ini akan dirancang sebuah sistem yang dapat mendeteksi objek berupa ujung jari. Dalam perancangan sistem tersebut digunakan metode Faster Region-Based Convolutional Nueral Network (Faster R-CNN). Faster R-CNN merupakan salah satu metode deteksi objek yang merupakan gabungan dari metode Fast R-CNN dan Region Proposal Network (RPN). Hasil dari parameter deteksi akan digunakan untuk tracking, yaitu koordinat x, y, width, dan length. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Faster R-CNN karena memiliki kecepatan komputasi yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan metode sebelumnya yaitu Particle Filter. Metode Faster R-CNN mengunakan arsitektur ResNet sebagai inti dari CNN. Konfigurasi sistem yang akan diuji adalah step training 25K, 50K dan 75K dengan skema same-padding. Proses pengujian diambil dari video yang terdiri dari 10800 data latih dan 3600 data uji. Konfigurasi sistem terbaik berdasarkan prioritas parameter untuk teknologi AR didapatkan pada step training 50K.Keyword: augmented reality, convolutional neural network, faster region-based convolutional neural network, region proposal network, ResNet.

Source deghosting of coarsely-sampled common-receiver data using a convolutional neural network

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Jan-Willem Vrolijk ◽  
Gerrit Blacquiere
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Receiver Domain ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Common

It is well known that source deghosting can best be applied to common-receiver gathers, while receiver deghosting can best be applied to common-shot records. The source-ghost wavefield observed in the common-shot domain contains the imprint of the subsurface, which complicates source deghosting in common-shot domain, in particular when the subsurface is complex. Unfortunately, the alternative, i.e., the common-receiver domain, is often coarsely sampled, which complicates source deghosting in this domain as well. To solve the latter issue, we propose to train a convolutional neural network to apply source deghosting in this domain. We subsample all shot records with and without the receiver ghost wavefield to obtain the training data. Due to reciprocity this training data is a representative data set for source deghosting in the coarse common-receiver domain. We validate the machine-learning approach on simulated data and on field data. The machine learning approach gives a significant uplift to the simulated data compared to conventional source deghosting. The field-data results confirm that the proposed machine-learning approach is able to remove the source-ghost wavefield from the coarsely-sampled common-receiver gathers.

scholarly journals Geometric property-based convolutional neural network for indoor object detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988142199332
Author(s):  
Xintao Ding ◽  
Boquan Li ◽  
Jinbao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Geometric Property ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Indoor object detection is a very demanding and important task for robot applications. Object knowledge, such as two-dimensional (2D) shape and depth information, may be helpful for detection. In this article, we focus on region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) detector and propose a geometric property-based Faster R-CNN method (GP-Faster) for indoor object detection. GP-Faster incorporates geometric property in Faster R-CNN to improve the detection performance. In detail, we first use mesh grids that are the intersections of direct and inverse proportion functions to generate appropriate anchors for indoor objects. After the anchors are regressed to the regions of interest produced by a region proposal network (RPN-RoIs), we then use 2D geometric constraints to refine the RPN-RoIs, in which the 2D constraint of every classification is a convex hull region enclosing the width and height coordinates of the ground-truth boxes on the training set. Comparison experiments are implemented on two indoor datasets SUN2012 and NYUv2. Since the depth information is available in NYUv2, we involve depth constraints in GP-Faster and propose 3D geometric property-based Faster R-CNN (DGP-Faster) on NYUv2. The experimental results show that both GP-Faster and DGP-Faster increase the performance of the mean average precision.

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