Heterogeneous protein co-assemblies with tunable functional domain stoichiometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheen Farhadi ◽  
Antonietta Restuccia ◽  
Anthony M Sorrentino ◽  
Andres Cruz-Sanchez ◽  
Gregory A Hudalla
Keyword(s):  
Protein Domains ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Individual Protein ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
The Individual

In nature, the precise heterogeneous co-assembly of different protein domains gives rise to supramolecular machines that perform complex functions through the co-integrated activity of the individual protein subunits. A synthetic...

scholarly journals Intrinsic disorder in protein domains contributes to both organism complexity and clade-specific functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Chong Ma ◽  
Huqiang Wang ◽  
Haolin Zhong ◽  
Jiayin Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Protein Domains ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Disorder Degree ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
And Function

AbstractInterestingly, some protein domains are intrinsically disordered (abbreviated as IDD), and the disorder degree of same domains may differ in different contexts. However, the evolutionary causes and biological significance of these phenomena are unclear. Here, we address these issues by genome-wide analyses of the evolutionary and functional features of IDDs in 1,870 species across the three superkingdoms. As the result, there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of IDDs and organism complexity with some interesting exceptions. These phenomena may be due to the high disorder of clade-specific domains and the different disorder degrees of the domains shared in different clades. The functions of IDDs are clade-specific and the higher proportion of post-translational modification sites may contribute to their complex functions. Compared with metazoans, fungi have more IDDs with a consecutive disorder region but a low disorder ratio, which reflects their different functional requirements. As for disorder variation, it’s greater for domains among different proteins than those within the same proteins. Some clade-specific ‘no-variation’ or ‘high-variation’ domains are involved in clade-specific functions. In sum, intrinsic domain disorder is related to both the organism complexity and clade-specific functions. These results deepen the understanding of the evolution and function of IDDs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Biological and Technical Factors on the Variability of Global and Regional Brain Metabolism of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwaldo E. Camargo ◽  
Zsolt Szabo ◽  
Jonathan M. Links ◽  
Samuel Sostre ◽  
Robert F. Dannals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Operational Equation ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variations ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated the influence of biological and technical factors on variations of global and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) measured with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). Twelve male volunteers (22–40 years) were investigated on three or four occasions for a total of 42 studies. We calculated the variance/covariance of the following parameters: CMRglc, six parameters of the blood clearance of [18F]FDG, hour of injection, peak time of blood radioactivity, and six components of the operational equation (nonradioactive blood glucose concentration, brain radioactivity, two integrals, numerator, and denominator). There was correlation among these six components, except for nonradioactive blood glucose. However, the correlation between the CMRglc and the individual components of the operational equation was poor. The inter- and intrapersonal CMRglc coefficients of variations were 13.8 and 7.1%, respectively. In contrast, coefficients of variations of the numerator and denominator of the operational equation were 34.6 and 32.6%, respectively, and were always in the same direction. No correlation was found between CMRglc and the technical factors in the numerator and denominator of the operational equation. Factor analysis disclosed that a single factor was responsible for 70% of the variance. This factor included caudate, putamen, thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and cingulate gyrus. These structures are involved with multiple complex functions, from autonomic motor control to behavior and emotions. The intrinsic metabolic variability of these structures, along with the basal metabolic processes that are continuously going on in the brain, may be the best explanation for the variance encountered in our investigation.

Animal models of damage, repair, and plasticity in the brain

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Andreas Luft
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Multidimensional Process

Recovery after a stroke is a multidimensional process depending on the individual deficit. Within each functional domain, spontaneous recovery occurs to a variable degree and can be improved by specific neurorehabilitative interventions. The knowledge about the neurophysiology of the processes that lead to recovery and render neurorehabilitative interventions effective is scarce. Such knowledge, however, would be necessary to find new treatments that can fully exploit the brain’s capacity for recovery. Animal models can be an experimental platform to investigate these mechanisms. But it has to be realized that they oversimplify the human condition. The complexity of motor, cognitive, social, emotional, and other factors contributing to recovery in humans cannot be modelled in animals. The opportunities and caveats of animal models are discussed.

scholarly journals Almost periodic generalized functions

1983 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
H. Burkill ◽  
B. C. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Functions ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Almost Periodic ◽  
Test Functions ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Derivatives Of

In (4) a space C of generalized functions was defined which is rather larger than the simple space used to such effect by Lighthill in (3). At the core of C is the space C0 = T of test functions. These are entire (complex) functions f such that all derivatives of f and its Fourier transform F have order of magnitude not exceeding as x → ± ∞, where c is a positive number depending on the individual derivative concerned. If f, g∈ T, the inner product 〈f | g〉 is defined to be

A User-oriented Protocol for Integrating Heterogeneous Communication Systems of Medical Facilities Using Ports

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GierI ◽  
R. Greiller ◽  
Th. Landersdorfer ◽  
H. Müller ◽  
K. Überla
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Data Objects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract:The crucial feature of future communication systems in hospitals will be the heterogeneity between the individual systems. People working in a hospital do not communicate via data objects, but via highly complex functions like preparation of a patient report or diagnosis of patients’ symptoms and signs. Essentially such tasks are accomplished by initiating remote functions in various modes of a communication system. The aim of the MEDAS protocol developed by our group is to propose a definition of such a high-level medical protocol and then to implement it. Our user-oriented protocol permits information exchange between heterogeneous systems. Modules and functions are defined. Message passing to and from a processor is realized using ports. The protocol sequence of every communication request is described. The relation of ports to the ISO model is specified. First experiences in a network for a medical school are reported.

scholarly journals The effect of branched chain amino acids on proteosynthesis in skeletal muscles of japanese quail during ontogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
J. Antalíková ◽  
M. Baranovská ◽  
J. Jankela
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Individual Protein ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Individual

We studied the influence of branched chain amino acids on the muscle proteosynthesis of Japanese quail during ontogenesis. We used in vitro incubation of these muscles: musculus extensor metacarpalis radialis (EMR) &ndash; wing muscle, musculus ambiens (MA) &ndash; leg muscle. The incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-tyrosine into the individual protein fractions was evaluated. Influences of valine, leucine and isoleucine on proteosynthesis on day 14, 28 and 53 of life of Japanese quails were compared. Different patterns of individual protein fractions were detected. During ontogenesis, in the MA the number of fractions remained unchanged while in the EMR it differed. Four fractions with molecular weight 200&ndash;1 000 kDa present on day 14 and 28 were absent on day 53. A new fraction over 200 kDa was detected on day 53. The <sup>14</sup>C-tyrosine incorporation after leucine treatment was enhanced only in the MA of 28&nbsp;days old quails. The protein content in the EMR decreased (50%) in several fractions. The addition of valine had no effect in the MA while in the EMR the protein content decreased in 14 and 28 days old quails. The incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-tyrosine was decreased by the influence of isoleucine in the EMR of 28 and 53 days old quails, in the MA only in 28 days old birds. We assume that the effect of regulatory amino acids on proteosynthesis depends both on muscle type and on the age of Japanese quail. &nbsp;

Creativity in Action: Exploring Cross-Cutting Models of Self-Organization and Emergence in Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Manfred Euler
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
External Control ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Unifying Principles ◽  
The Individual

This review presents a sequence of exemplary experience-based encounters with self-organizing systems on different levels of difficulty. Based on hands-on experiments and creative modeling it provides a viable educational road to build up a deeper understanding of self-organization principles and their comprehensive nature. Theories of self-organization describe how patterns, structures and new types of behavior emerge in energetically open systems, resulting from the local interaction of many components. As an external control instance is missing, the underlying philosophy is counterintuitive to our habits of causal thinking. This thematic and conceptual framework impacts on many STEM domains and presents a blueprint for modeling emergent structures and complex functions in natural and technological systems. It reveals unifying principles that can help in reducing, in structuring and, finally, in understanding and controlling the emerging complexity. An overview across diverse STEM domains highlights the role of this overarching concept. This cross-disciplinary approach can help in improving the dialogue and the knowledge exchange between the individual fields. Moreover, in a self-referential fashion, the modeling of self-organization provides us with fresh perspectives to reflect our own creative processes.

Animal models of damage, repair, and plasticity in the brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Andreas R. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Brain

Recovery after a stroke is a multidimensional process depending on the individual deficit. Within each functional domain, spontaneous recovery occurs to a variable degree and can be improved by specific neurorehabilitative interventions. Basic knowledge about to the mechanisms of spontaneous and training-induced recovery is growing but translation to effective therapies has only been demonstrated in a few cases. Mechanistic knowledge is necessary to find new treatments that can fully exploit the brain’s capacity for recovery. Animal models can be an experimental platform to investigate these mechanisms. But it has to be realized that they oversimplify the human condition. The complexity of the interaction of motor, cognitive, social, emotional, and other factors contributing to recovery in humans cannot be modelled in animals. The opportunities and caveats of animal models are discussed.

3-D organization of ribosomal transcription units after DRB inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcription

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 2145-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Panse ◽  
C. Masson ◽  
L. Heliot ◽  
J.M. Chassery ◽  
H.R. Junera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Dense Fibrillar Component ◽  
Rdna Transcription ◽  
Active Transcription ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fibrillar Component

In each bead of the nucleolar necklace, using adenosine analog DRB-treated PtK1 cells, we investigated the three components of rDNA transcription, i.e. the gene, transcription factor UBF and transcripts. In situ hybridization revealed the unraveling and 3-D dispersion of most of the rDNA coding sequences within the nucleus. The signals were small, of similar intensity and tandemly organized in the necklace. This observation is compatible with the fact that they might correspond to single gene units. Active transcription was visualized in these units, demonstrating that they were active functional units. Transcript labeling was not similar for each unit, contrary to UBF labeling. UBF and rRNA transcripts were only partially colocalized, as demonstrated by 3-D image analysis and quantification. As visualized by electron microscopy, the necklace was composed of a small fibrillar center partially surrounded by a dense fibrillar component. The 3-D arrangement of this individual unit in the necklace, investigated both by confocal and electron microscopy in the same cells, showed that the individual beads were linked by a dense fibrillar component. The reversibility of this organization after removal of DRB indicated that the beads in the necklace are certainly the elementary functional domain of the nucleolus. In addition, these results lead us to suggest that the organization of a functional domain, presumably corresponding to a single gene, can be studied by in situ approaches.

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