Surface overgrowth on gold nanoparticles modulating high-energy facets for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Choi ◽  
Joon Woo Park ◽  
Woonghyeon Park ◽  
Yousung Jung ◽  
Hyunjoon Song
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been considered one of the potential technologies to store electricity from renewable energy sources into chemical energy. For this aim, designing catalysts with high...

scholarly journals Towards Nearly-Zero Energy in Heritage Residential Buildings Retrofitting in Hot, Dry Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13934
Author(s):  
Hanan S. S. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Z. Khan ◽  
Yehya Serag ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Dry Climates

Retrofitting “nearly-zero energy” heritage buildings has always been controversial, due to the usual association of the “nearly-zero energy” target with high energy performance and the utilization of renewable energy sources in highly regarded cultural values of heritage buildings. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of turning heritage building stock into a “nearly-zero energy” in hot, dry climates, which has been addressed in only a few studies. Therefore, a four-phase integrated energy retrofitting methodology was proposed and applied to a sample of heritage residential building stock in Egypt along with microscale analysis on buildings. Three reference buildings were selected, representing the most dominant building typologies. The study combines field measurements and observations with energy simulations. In addition, simulation models were created and calibrated based on monitored data in the reference buildings. The results show that the application of hybrid passive and active non-energy generating scenarios significantly impacts energy use in the reference buildings, e.g., where 66.4% of annual electricity use can be saved. Moreover, the application of solar energy sources approximately covers the energy demand in the reference buildings, e.g., where an annual self-consumption of electricity up to 78% and surplus electricity up to 20.4% can be achieved by using photo-voltaic modules. Furthermore, annual natural gas of up to 66.8% can be saved by using two unglazed solar collectors. Lastly, achieving “nearly-zero energy” was possible for the presented case study area. The originality of this work lies in developing and applying an informed retrofitting (nearly-zero energy) guide to be used as a benchmark energy model for buildings that belong to an important historical era. The findings contribute to fill a gap in existing studies of integrating renewable energy sources to achieve “nearly-zero energy” in heritage buildings in hot climates.

scholarly journals Harnessing Neutrino Energy for a Sustainable Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Supraja Balaji ◽  
Ellen Torres Thompson ◽  
Lawrence Edmond IV ◽  
Nicole Della Santina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
To Come

There is a growing need for sustainable forms of renewable energy sources that are efficient, and cost-beneficial. Finding such energy sources is one of the critical challenges of the 21st century. This paper focuses on the prospects of using high energy particles abundant in the universe as a solution to the energy crisis faced around the world. The high energy particle studied in this paper is the neutrino. Neutrinos are subatomic particles that are one-millionth the size of an electron (“How much does a neutrino weigh”, n.d). They are of interest to physicists because they are present virtually everywhere, travel through regular forms of matter, and have exceptionally high energy levels (“What is a Neutrino”, 1999). Neutrinos have ten billion electron volts when traveling freely across space, which is enough energy to break up the nucleus of an atom (“Neutrino Energies”, n.d). Due to their high energy levels and eternal presence, neutrinos are a promising candidate for a renewable energy source. However, due to minimal reactions with other forms of matter, it is difficult to harness their intrinsic energies. A panel that is capable of absorbing neutrinos can potentially produce substantial amounts of heat energy, which can then be converted into electricity.  Energy from neutrinos is a great theoretical alternative and a clean source of energy for our planet and future generations to come. This paper takes another step forward in the mission to produce a primary source of energy that is green and sustainable for our planet.

scholarly journals Optimization of biogas yield from lignocellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oladoke Olatunji ◽  
Noor A. Ahmed ◽  
Oyetola Ogunkunle
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biogas Yield

AbstractPopulation increase and industrialization has resulted in high energy demand and consumptions, and presently, fossil fuels are the major source of staple energy, supplying 80% of the entire consumption. This has contributed immensely to the greenhouse gas emission and leading to global warming, and as a result of this, there is a tremendous urgency to investigate and improve fresh and renewable energy sources worldwide. One of such renewable energy sources is biogas that is generated by anaerobic fermentation that uses different wastes such as agricultural residues, animal manure, and other organic wastes. During anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis of substrates is regarded as the most crucial stage in the process of biogas generation. However, this process is not always efficient because of the domineering stableness of substrates to enzymatic or bacteria assaults, but substrates’ pretreatment before biogas production will enhance biogas production. The principal objective of pretreatments is to ease the accessibility of the enzymes to the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which leads to degradation of the substrates. Hence, the use of pretreatment for catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is beneficial for the production of cost-efficient and eco-friendly process. In this review, we discussed different pretreatment technologies of hydrolysis and their restrictions. The review has shown that different pretreatments have varying effects on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation and biogas yield of different substrate and the choice of pretreatment technique will devolve on the intending final products of the process.

scholarly journals Improvement of Hydrogen Production during Anaerobic Fermentation of Food Waste Leachate by Enriched Bacterial Culture Using Biochar as an Additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2438
Author(s):  
Van Hong Thi Pham ◽  
Jaisoo Kim ◽  
Soonwoong Chang ◽  
Woojin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Food Waste Leachate ◽  
Waste Leachate

It has become urgent to develop cost-effective and clean technologies for the rapid and efficient treatment of food waste leachate, caused by the rapid accumulation of food waste volume. Moreover, to face the energy crisis, and to avoid dependence on non-renewable energy sources, the investigation of new sustainable and renewable energy sources from organic waste to energy conversion is an attractive option. Green energy biohydrogen production from food waste leachate, using a microbial pathway, is one of the most efficient technologies, due to its eco-friendly nature and high energy yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the ability of an enriched bacterial mixture, isolated from forest soil, to enhance hydrogen production from food waste leachate using biochar. A lab-scale analysis was conducted at 35 °C and at different pH values (4, no adjustment, 6, 6.5, 7, and 7.5) over a period of 15 days. The sample with the enriched bacterial mixture supplemented with an optimum of 10 g/L of biochar showed the highest performance, with a maximum hydrogen yield of 1620 mL/day on day three. The total solid and volatile solid removal rates were 78.5% and 75% after 15 days, respectively. Acetic and butyrate acids were the dominant volatile fatty acids produced during the process, as favorable metabolic pathways for accelerating hydrogen production.

Development of the Architecture of High-Rise Unique Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Anna A. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Land Water

The article deals with the use of renewable energy sources in construction in general and in high-rise unique buildings. Such approach will allow to design and construct buildings in which integrated renewable energy sources can be perfectly applied to all aspects of construction. The historical development of architecture and ecology as a single phenomenon is considered. This is particularly relevant to high-rise buildings. With the implementation of energy-efficient technologies, the main drawback - high-energy consumption - will be cut off. The article raises the question of the need to merge these two concepts. Examples of buildings with applied renewable energy sources, both constructed and projected, are considered. Non-traditional energy sources such as wind, solar, land, water and biomass are analyzed. The relevance of their application in construction and influence on all aspects of the project is proved: town-planning, functional, space planning, architectural and artistic, constructive and engineering.

scholarly journals Renewable energy sources for gas preheating

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Englart ◽  
Andrzej Jedlikowski ◽  
Wojciech Cepiński ◽  
Marek Badura
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Gas Heating

To ensure proper gas supply parameters, to the polish natural gas distribution network, which includes about 900 pressure reduction stations (PRS), requires high energy consumption for gas heating, that amounts to approx. 700 TJ/year. This value can be significantly reduced by using renewable energy sources (e.g. ground heat exchangers, heat pumps) in polish gas preheating PRS. This paper presents the analysis of some applications for gas preheating by using gas absorption heat pump and combination of heat pump and ground heat exchanger. The results confirm a noticeable heat energy savings at the PRS by 44%.

scholarly journals Design of an Emergency Energy System for a City Assisted by Renewable Energy, Case Study: Latakia, Syria

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaeth Fandi ◽  
Vladimír Krepl ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmad ◽  
Famous Igbinovia ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

Electrical energy is one of the most important daily needs. Shortage of energy can be very dangerous for any society. This can affect the standard of living and quality of life of the people and even endanger the lives of those in hospitals, and so forth. Developed countries do not face such risks in general because they have well organized electrical systems and high energy security. The developing countries are faced daily with electric system collapses, especially in the case of wars, where many parts of the electrical grid in the country can be damaged and fuel transmission lines for generators cut off. Urban areas in developing countries should have a strategic plan to deal with any unexpected occurrence of energy shortages using any available renewable energy sources. City of Latakia is located in the region which has been suffering from the consequences of war for more than six years. The fact that a high number of migrants from other cities have come to Latakia along with a lack of fuel makes the energy shortage in the city worse. An emergency system could use the cheapest available renewable energy sources in addition to few big portable generators to provide an acceptable energy supply for the most needed requirements of daily life.

scholarly journals Reviewing Usage, Potentials, and Limitations of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Halkos ◽  
Eleni-Christina Gkampoura
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Address Climate Change

The world’s ever-increasing population, combined with economic and technological growth and a new, modern way of life, has led to high energy demand and consumption. Fossil fuels have been the main energy source for many years, but their use has many negative impacts on the environment. This has made the transition to renewable energy sources necessary in order to address climate change and meet the 1.5 °C goal. This paper is a review of the different types of renewables, their potentials and limitations, and their connection to climate change, economic growth, and human health. It also examines consumers’ willingness to pay for renewables in different countries, based on the existing literature. IEA (International Energy Agency) data are analyzed, concerning renewables’ current use, the evolution of their usage, and forecasts about their future usage. Finally, policies and strategies are recommended in order to address climate change and fully integrate renewables as a sustainable energy source.

TRANSFORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY GREEN ENERGY WITH SIMULTANEOUS DECONTAMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboslav Straka ◽  
Tibor Krenicky
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Valuable Source

In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis worldwide on the quality of the environment, especially with an orientation towards the application of renewable energy sources. In addition, we are increasingly encountering experimentation aimed at obtaining new green energy sources. One of such sources is biomass. Biomass has been used since the middle ages as a source of heat and light energy. Today, however, we have technologies that allow us to obtain not only heat but also electricity from biomass, or to convert biomass into materials with high energy density and purity. The energy thus transformed can then be used, for example, as a propellant. At the same time, this valuable source of clean energy can be easily transported to the place of consumption. By applying biomass as a source of green energy, we can make a significant contribution to relieving the environment from harmful effects. In recent years, an increased interest in energy obtained from biomass can be observed in Slovakia. Its technical potential is the greatest among other renewable energy sources, and its non-use would essentially be wastage. Therefore, the aim of the paper was to describe two possibilities of transformation of biomass in the form of its energy recovery into the type of energy used for the production of mechanical, thermal and electrical energy. At the same time, in addition to obtaining a suitable form of energy from biomass, another environmental benefit was sought in the form of soil decontamination. In this regard, there is an energetically important crop, which is known under the Latin name Amaranthus caudatus. It is an energy crop that can be grown on slightly contaminated soil with some restrictions. Two methods of energy recovery of this crop were compared. In the first case it was its compaction into briquettes, in the second case it was a process of anaerobic fermentation with subsequent production of biogas. Based on the performed analysis, it was found that these are almost equivalent energy sources. Although both methods of transformation and energy recovery of the green part of Amaranthus caudatus crops have a number of advantages and disadvantages, it can be clearly stated that the positives significantly outweigh the negatives. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this crop as a valuable source of energy for use in real conditions.

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