Tuning the dynamic magnetic behaviour and proton conductivity via water-induced structural transformation of neutral-to-cationic dysprosium layer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Ling Sun ◽  
Xiao-Qin Ji ◽  
Rong Sun ◽  
Jin Xiong ◽  
Song Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
External Stimuli

Employing external stimuli to manipulate the synergy between magnetic and proton conductivity has stimulated extensive scientific interest due to the potential application in information storage, sensors and fuel cell, etc....

scholarly journals APLIKASI MINYAK CENGKEH SEBAGAI OBAT BIUS PADA KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer Bloch)

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Bambang Hanggono
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Slope Function ◽  
External Stimuli

The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of clove oil as an anesthetic in sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and the potential application of clove oil as anesthetic to facilitate the sea bass fry transportation. Acute toxicity test indicated the 24-hr LC50 value of clove oil in sea bass fry as 30 ppm with slope function of 1.079 (1.05 to 1.107). In efficacy test, fish were exposed to 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm of clove oil for 15 minutes. At 5 ppm, clove oil caused only sedation effect (partial loss of reaction to external stimuli) while at 20 ppm, fish entered anesthesia stage (failure to respond to external stimuli) within about 3 minutes. Fish recovered from a 15-min period of exposure in 20 ppm clove oil within less than 10 minutes following removal from the anesthetic solution. There was neither mortality nor abnormal behavior of fish during 15-min exposure of clove oil as well as during 7 days post recovery from anesthesia. The potential application of clove oil as an aid in the transport of sea bass fry in plastic bag was also investigated. At 5 ppm, clove oil could reduce activities of the fish without loss of equilibrium (sedation stage) during the 4 hour simulated transport at 50 fish per 1,000 ml sea water (15 ppt). At 20 ppm, clove oil caused loss of equilibrium in fish resulting in the anesthesia stage throughout the 4 hour period. However, there was no improvement on survival rate and fish behavior with the use of clove oil during and after this 4 hour transport. Simulated transport at 50 fish per 500 ml sea water (15 ppt) for 8 hour did show better significant survival rate with additional of 5 and 20 ppm clove oil. In both short and long term transport study, clove oil did show the benefit by reducing the fish activities judging from the reduction of oxygen consumption, ammonia and carbon dioxide levels. Addition of appropriate concentration of clove oil in transport water ensured that the fish would stay calm by reducing fish activity and therefore, prevented any drastic changes of water qualities.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Siti Wafiroh ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC  AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC

Proton Exchange Membrane Development and Processing for Fuel Cell Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1327-1331
Author(s):  
Philippe Bébin ◽  
Hervé Galiano
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conduction ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Polysulfone ◽  
Membrane Processing ◽  
Conductive Fillers

The development of new proton exchange membranes for PEMFC has to be related to the membrane processing as it can change drastically the final properties of the material. Indeed, for the same material, a membrane prepared by a solvent-casting process has a lower lifetime than an extruded one. The proton conduction of the membrane can also be dependent on the membrane processing, especially when some removable plasticizers are used to perform the membrane extrusion. Some residual porosity, left in the material after removing the plasticizer, is suspected to enhance the proton conduction of the film. Fuel cell experiments have shown that extruded sulfonated polysulfone membrane can give the same performance as a Nafion® reference membrane whereas the proton conductivity of PSUs is twenty times lower than the Nafion® one. Additional improvements of the membrane properties can also be expected by adding some proton conductive fillers to the organic polymer. This approach enhances the proton conductivity of sulfonated polysulfone to values similar to Nafion®. On the other hand, when Nafion® is used as a matrix for the proton conductive fillers, a very significant improvement of fuel cell performance is obtained.

scholarly journals The Effect of Proton Conductivity of Fe–N–C–Based Cathode on PEM Fuel cell Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 084501
Author(s):  
Tatyana Reshetenko ◽  
Günter Randolf ◽  
Madeleine Odgaard ◽  
Barr Zulevi ◽  
Alexey Serov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Development of Aromatic Polymer-Based Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Rafidah R. S. ◽  
Rashmi W. ◽  
Khalid M. ◽  
Wong W. Y. ◽  
Priyanka J.
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Aryl Ether

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play a pivotal role in fuel cells; conducting protons from the anode to the cathode within the cell’s membrane electrode assembles (MEA) separates the reactant fuels and prevents electrons from passing through. High proton conductivity is the most important characteristic of the PEM, as this contributes to the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell. However, it is also important to take into account the membrane’s durability to ensure that it canmaintain itsperformance under the actual fuel cell’s operating conditions and serve a long lifetime. The current state-of-the-art Nafion membranes are limited due to their high cost, loss of conductivity at elevated temperatures due to dehydration, and fuel crossover. Alternatives to Nafion have become a well-researched topic in recent years. Aromatic-based membranes where the polymer chains are linked together by aromatic rings, alongside varying numbers of ether, ketone, or sulfone functionalities, imide, or benzimidazoles in their structures, are one of the alternatives that show great potential as PEMs due totheir electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal strengths. Membranes based on these polymers, such as poly(aryl ether ketones) (PAEKs) and polyimides (PIs), however, lack a sufficient level of proton conductivity and durability to be practical for use in fuel cells. Therefore, membrane modifications are necessary to overcome their drawbacks. This paper reviews the challenges associated with different types of aromatic-based PEMs, plus the recent approaches that have been adopted to enhance their properties and performance.

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