scholarly journals Lipid metabolism in the cow during starvation-induced ketosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Brumby ◽  
M Anderson ◽  
B Tuckley ◽  
J E Storry ◽  
K G Hibbit
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Dextran Sulphate

1. Concentrations and compositions of liver, serum and milk lipids of cows were measured during 6 days#x0027; starvation and serum lipids during 60 days#x0027; re-feeding. 2. The concentration of free fatty acid in serum increased fivefold during starvation. 3. The content of total lipid in liver (g/100g of liver dry matter) doubled owing to a 20-fold increase in triglyceride, an eightfold increase in cholesterol ester, a three fold increase in free fatty acid and a 20% increase in cholesterol. There were no changes in the content or composition of liver phospholipids. 4. Starvation lowered the concentrations of total lipid, phospholipid and cholesterol ester of dextran sulphate-precipitable serum lipoproteins. Total lipid and cholesterol ester concentrations in lipoproteins of d greater than 1.055 and in lipoproteins not precipitable by dextran sulphate decreased from day 4 of the starvation period and during the first 20 days' re-feeding. 5. During starvation there were decreases in percentages of stearic acid and increases in oleic acid in serum free fatty acids and triglycerides and in liver neutral lipid. 6. Throughout starvation total milk lipid yield decreased, yields and percentages of C4-14 fatty acids decreased and percentages of C18 fatty acids increased. 7. It is suggested that accumulation of triglyceride in liver may be caused by increased uptake of plasma free fatty acids without corresponding increase in lipoprotein secretion.

Effect of insulin on free fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes in the duck

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gross ◽  
P. Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT To elucidate the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin in ducks, its action on the uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) by duck hepatocytes was determined. At low doses (10 mu./l) insulin stimulated FFA uptake. This effect was not observed with higher doses of insulin (20, 30 and 50 mu./l). Growth hormone at physiological concentrations and corticosterone (14·4 nmol/l) decreased basal activity, probably by reducing glucose metabolism and consequently α-glycerophosphate (α-GP) supply. Insulin was able to reverse the inhibition induced by GH and corticosterone on both FFA uptake and α-GP production. These results therefore suggest that the hypolipacidaemic effect of insulin may be partly mediated by its action on hepatic FFA uptake. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 381–386

scholarly journals Free Fatty acids receptors (FFAR2 and FFAR3) control cell proliferation by regulating cellular glucose uptake

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aziz ◽  
Saeed Al Mahri ◽  
Amal Alghamdi ◽  
Maaged AlAkiel ◽  
Monira Al Aujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is a worldwide problem which has been associated with changes in diet and lifestyle pattern. As a result of colonic fermentation of dietary fibres, short chain free fatty acids are generated which activate Free Fatty Acid Receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and FFAR3). FFAR2 and FFAR3 genes are abundantly expressed in colonic epithelium and play an important role in the metabolic homeostasis of colonic epithelial cells. Earlier studies point to the involvement of FFAR2 in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Transcriptome analysis console was used to analyse microarray data from patients and cell lines. We employed shRNA mediated down regulation of FFAR2 and FFAR3 genes which was assessed using qRT-PCR. Assays for glucose uptake and cAMP generation was done along with immunofluorescence studies. For measuring cell proliferation, we employed real time electrical impedance based assay available from xCelligence. Results Microarray data analysis of colorectal cancer patient samples showed a significant down regulation of FFAR2 gene expression. This prompted us to study the FFAR2 in colorectal cancer. Since, FFAR3 shares significant structural and functional homology with FFAR2, we knocked down both these receptors in colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. These modified cell lines exhibited higher proliferation rate and were found to have increased glucose uptake as well as increased level of GLUT1. Since, FFAR2 and FFAR3 signal through G protein subunit (Gαi), knockdown of these receptors was associated with increased cAMP. Inhibition of PKA did not alter the growth and proliferation of these cells indicating a mechanism independent of cAMP/PKA pathway. Conclusion: Our results suggest role of FFAR2/FFAR3 genes in increased proliferation of colon cancer cells via enhanced glucose uptake and exclude the role of protein kinase A mediated cAMP signalling. Alternate pathways could be involved that would ultimately result in increased cell proliferation as a result of down regulated FFAR2/FFAR3 genes. This study paves the way to understand the mechanism of action of short chain free fatty acid receptors in colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Content and composition of lipid classes, fatty acid from \(\textit{Sargassum}\) seaweed collected at Con Dao and Van Phong bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Thu Hue Pham ◽  
Van Tuyen Anh Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Yen Kieu Thi Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Hai Nam Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study studied the content and composition of the total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acids in 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species collected from Con Dao and Van Phong, Vietnam. The total lipid has a low content and varies among species from 0.10–1.70% of the fresh weight. From 13 species, seven lipid classes including polar lipid (Pol), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), and monoalkydiacylglycerol (MADG). Using the GC-FID technique, we have identified 29 fatty acids classified into 3 groups of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids with an average content of 44.93%, 24.57% and 27.44%, respectively. Among those, many value fatty acids have been detected with high content such as C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. The lipid of 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species also fully contains omega-3,6,9 fatty acids with the content of 9.28%, 16.28% and 16.63%, respectively.

Epinephrine-insulin antagonism on free fatty acid release

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Spitzer ◽  
William T. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Acid Release

The effects of epinephrine or norepinephrine were studied in dogs receiving insulin plus glucose prior to and during administration of the amine. Epinephrine caused a significantly smaller elevation of free fatty acids (FFA) with than without insulin plus glucose administration. Blood sugar responses were quantitatively similar. Epinephrine increased both hepatic uptake of FFA and hepatic release of glucose; these changes were similar to the ones found previously in dogs not receiving insulin plus glucose. The action of norepinephrine on elevating plasma FFA was only slightly and not significantly affected by the administration of insulin plus glucose. When the order of drug administration was reversed, infusion of insulin plus glucose lowered plasma FFA levels and hepatic FFA uptake in animals already receiving either epinephrine or nonepinephrine.

Changes in plasma free fatty acid concentrations on passage through the dog kidney

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Hohenleitner ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Systemic Artery ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

To measure the renal removal of free fatty acids from the plasma, simultaneous determinations of this metabolite were performed in a systemic artery and a renal vein in the anesthetized dogs. Renal plasma flow was also determined by the PAH method, and the renal uptake of free fatty acids was calculated. Concentrations of free fatty acids in renal venous plasma were usually lower than the arterial concentrations. The arteriovenous differences were statistically highly significant. The results also suggested that the degree of free fatty acid removal was proportional to the arterial concentration of this metabolite.

Free fatty acid concentration and composition in arterial blood

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Rothlin ◽  
Christine B. Rothlin ◽  
Vernon E. Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The effect of the administration of norepinephrine, glucose and insulin, pentobarbital, and Hypertensin on the arterial concentration and composition of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) has been studied in man and dog. With a rise of the FFA concentration as produced by norepinephrine, the contribution of oleic acid to the total FFA increased, while that of stearic and palmitic acids decreased. The reverse changes in the FFA composition were observed when their arterial level fell under the influence of other agents studied. The FFA composition was dependent on the FFA concentration in arterial blood, but not on the experimental condition of the subject or animal at the time of analysis. At high FFA levels, the FFA composition approached that of depot fat.

Lipids of antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Anderes ◽  
W. E. Sandine ◽  
P. R. Elliker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Free Lipid ◽  
Resistant Cells

From a population of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to 33 parts per million (ppm) of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and to 0.1 mg/ml of chloramphenicol (CAP), pure strains resistant to 750 ppm and 2.5 mg/ml of these antibacterial substances were isolated. Lipids from the sensitive and resistant cells grown under various conditions were extracted and characterized. Increased lipid biosynthesis was investigated as a possible factor in the resistance of this bacterium to CAP and QAC.Resistant cells grown in medium containing 207 ppm QAC at 25C averaged 77% more total lipid than sensitive cells. Resistant cells grown in the absence of QAC at 25C retained their resistance and averaged 27% more total lipid than sensitive cells. Cells grown at 32C in the presence of QAC contained 8% more total lipid than sensitive cells but less than cells grown at 25C under the same conditions. There was no increased lipid production by QAC-resistant cells grown at 37C in a Fermacell fermentor. Cells grown in CAP-containing medium (2.5 mg/ml) at 25C developed 28% more total lipid than sensitive cells grown in antibiotic-free medium.Gas–liquid chromatograms of the phospholipid, free fatty acid, and triglyceride fractions of the various cell types indicated that the same fatty acids were present. There was a 10% increase of the C18:1 fatty acid in both the phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions of the free lipids of cells grown in a Fermacell fermentor in the presence of CAP or QAC. However, there was no compensatory decrease in any single fatty acid, but rather a general decrease.Sensitive P. aeruginosa contained 14% free lipid and 3% to 6% bound lipid. The major phospholipid was phosphatidyl ethanolamine, which constituted 59% of the total phospholipid fraction of the sensitive cells. Analysis of fatty acids revealed that C16 amounted to 34%, C18:1 19%, and C16:1 and C18 each about 5% of the total present. These four fatty acids accounted for 63% of the free lipid present in the sensitive cells.

Reaction of Free Fatty Acids with Protein in Cod Muscle Frozen and Stored at −29 C after Aging in Ice

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2727-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Anderson ◽  
Elinor M. Ravesi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Phase Contrast Micrographs ◽  
Protein Extractability

Freezing and holding cod muscle in the frozen state favored the association process that involves protein–free fatty acid (FFA) complex formation and begins during aging in ice. Changes in protein extractability, in ultracentrifugal patterns of protein extracted, and in phase contrast micrographs of inextractable muscle fragments were followed in muscle that had been aged in ice to produce various contents of FFA and then frozen and held at −29 C. After 11 months, these changes, which took place largely during the first week of storage, were comparable with those that occur when the FFA are formed during frozen storage. The results were consistent with a reaction rate that was greater at −29 C than at temperatures a few degrees above 0 C.

Altered Free Fatty Acid Levels in Fresh or Canned Mutton as Indicators of Spoilage

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. VASUNDHARA ◽  
K. V. KUMUDAVALLY ◽  
T. R. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Profiles

Chromatographic profiles of neutral lipids from canned mutton products can indicate the presence of spoiled meat presterilization, particularly from changes in free fatty acid levels. Gas liquid chromatography analysis of free fatty acids of lean meat showed a 15-fold increase in palmitic, stearic and oleic acid contents as a result of canning spoiled meat when compared to insignificant increases in canned fresh meat.

scholarly journals Article Commentary: A Role for IR-β in the Free Fatty Acid Mediated Development of Hepatic Insulin Resistance?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. BCI.S2996
Author(s):  
Samit Shah ◽  
Arthur G. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nfκb Pathway

Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but the exact molecular mechanism by which FFAs alter glucose metabolism in the liver is still not completely understood. 1 – 4 In a recent publication, Ragheb and coworkers have examined the effect of free fatty acid (FFA) treatment on insulin signaling and insulin resistance by using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting to study the effect of high concentrations of insulin and FFAs on insulin receptor-beta (IR-β) and downstream elements in the PI3K pathway using the fructose-fed hamster model. 5 Their results clearly show that free fatty acids have an insignificant effect on IR-β and supports previous findings that FFAs lead to insulin resistance in the liver via the PKC-NFκB pathway. 2 , 3

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