scholarly journals A novel role for the transcription factor HIF-1α in the formation of mast cell extracellular traps

2012 ◽  
Vol 446 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Branitzki-Heinemann ◽  
Cheryl Y. Okumura ◽  
Lena Völlger ◽  
Yuko Kawakami ◽  
Toshiaki Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Innate Immune Defence ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
First Time

MCs (mast cells) are critical components of the host innate immune defence against bacterial pathogens, providing a variety of intra- and extra-cellular antimicrobial functions. In the present study we show, for the first time, that the transcriptional regulator HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) mediates the extracellular antimicrobial activity of human and murine MCs by increasing the formation of MCETs (MC extracellular traps).

scholarly journals Nucleated Fish Erythrocyte Extracellular Traps (FEETs) release is an evolutionary conserved immune defence process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Rinaldi ◽  
Neila Alvarez de Haro ◽  
Andrew Paul Desbois ◽  
Calum T. Robb ◽  
Adriano G. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Innate Immune Defence ◽  
Fish Erythrocyte

Fish erythrocytes remain nucleated for their life-span, unlike mammalian erythrocytes which undergo enucleation. Asides transportation of oxygen, fish erythrocytes are capable of several immune defence processes. Nucleated fish erythrocytes represent prime candidates for carrying out ETotic responses. ETosis is an evolutionary conserved innate immune defence process found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, which involves the extrusion of DNA studded with antimicrobial proteins into the extracellular space serving to trap and kill microorganisms. In this report, we demonstrate that fish erythrocytes isolated from Danio rerio (zebrafish) produce ETotic-like responses when exposed to chemical and physiological stimuli. Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) erythrocytes produce similar ETotic responses. We have termed these ET-like formations Fish Erythrocyte Extracellular Traps (FEETs). Interestingly, we discovered that mammalian inducers of NETosis, such as the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and the calcium ionophore ionomycin induced FEETs. Moreover, we found that FEETs are dependent upon activation of PKC and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Thus, this brief report represents the first demonstration that fish erythrocytes can exhibit ETotic-like responses, unveiling a previously unknown function of nucleated erythrocytes, and sheds new light on the innate immune arsenal of erythrocytes.

Innate immune defence in the human gastrointestinal tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dommett ◽  
Matthias Zilbauer ◽  
John T. George ◽  
Mona Bajaj-Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Innate Immune Defence

Trained immunity: A smart way to enhance innate immune defence

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos W.M. van der Meer ◽  
Leo A.B. Joosten ◽  
Niels Riksen ◽  
Mihai G. Netea
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune Defence

scholarly journals Phagocytosis-independent antimicrobial activity of mast cells by means of extracellular trap formation

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3070-3080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede ◽  
Oliver Goldmann ◽  
Pontus Thulin ◽  
Katja Heinemann ◽  
Anna Norrby-Teglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Extracellular Structures

AbstractThese days it has been increasingly recognized that mast cells (MCs) are critical components of host defense against pathogens. In this study, we have provided the first evidence that MCs can kill bacteria by entrapping them in extracellular structures similar to the extracellular traps described for neutrophils (NETs). We took advantage of the ability of MCs to kill the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by a phagocytosis-independent mechanism in order to characterize the extracellular antimicrobial activity of MCs. Close contact of bacteria and MCs was required for full antimicrobial activity. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that S pyogenes was entrapped by extracellular structures produced by MCs (MCETs), which are composed of DNA, histones, tryptase, and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Disruption of MCETs significantly reduced the antimicrobial effect of MCs, suggesting that intact extracellular webs are critical for effective inhibition of bacterial growth. Similar to NETs, production of MCETs was mediated by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)–dependent cell death mechanism accompanied by disruption of the nuclear envelope, which can be induced after stimulation of MCs with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), H2O2, or bacterial pathogens. Our study provides the first experimental evidence of antimicrobial extracellular traps formation by an immune cell population other than neutrophils.

A review of the innate immune defence of the human foetus and newborn, with the emphasis on antimicrobial peptides

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva Kai-Larsen ◽  
Gudmundur H. Gudmundsson ◽  
Birgitta Agerberth
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Innate Immune Defence
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