scholarly journals An abundant and novel protein of 22 kDa (SM22) is widely distributed in smooth muscles. Purification from bovine aorta

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Lees-Miller ◽  
D H Heeley ◽  
L B Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Chicken Gizzard ◽  
Gradient Electrophoresis ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Similar Amino Acid ◽  
Novel Protein

Using a rabbit polyclonal-antibody preparation directed against the chicken gizzard protein, we demonstrated by immunoblotting the presence of the 22 kDa protein (SM22) in a variety of chicken smooth-muscle-containing organs, including uterus, intestine, gizzard, oesophagus and aorta. Protein SM22 was present in only trace amounts in brain, liver and heart, and could not be detected in chicken breast muscle. The antibody preparation did not cross-react with extracts of bovine aorta. However, the presence of SM22 as a major component in bovine aorta and pig carotid was demonstrated by its co-migration with the purified chicken gizzard protein on one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. Its molar abundance relative to actin was estimated to be 0.9:6.0 and 1.4:6.0 for bovine aorta and pig carotid respectively. Like the chicken gizzard protein, it separates on pH-gradient electrophoresis into at least three variants, alpha, beta and gamma, with similar apparent Mr. Purification of the aorta SM22 showed it to have a similar amino acid composition to the chicken gizzard protein. We conclude that SM22 is widely distributed and an abundant and unique protein component of smooth-muscle tissues of birds and mammals.

Molecular cloning of chicken calcyclin (S100A6) and identification of putative isoforms

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G Allen ◽  
Jacquelyn E Andrea ◽  
Cindy Sutherland ◽  
Brett O Schönekess ◽  
Michael P Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Proteolytic Fragment ◽  
Chicken Gizzard ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A full-length cDNA encoding smooth muscle calcyclin (S100A6) was cloned from chicken gizzard, using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction techniques. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 92 residues with 12 substitutions and a 2 amino acid C-terminal extension when compared with human calcyclin. Calcyclin was purified from chicken gizzard by Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic chromatography, heat treatment, and anion-exchange chromatography. N-terminal sequencing of two CNBr peptides confirmed its identity as calcyclin. Two isoforms of calcyclin (A and B), which differ with respect to the presence or absence of a C-terminal lysine, were identified and the native protein was shown to exist as noncovalently associated homodimers (AA and BB) and heterodimers (AB). Incubation of purified calcyclin AA with an extract of chicken gizzard did not result in degradation of calcyclin A or appearance of calcyclin B, suggesting that calcyclin B is a bona fide isoform rather than a proteolytic fragment generated during purification. Western blotting of chicken tissues with anti-(gizzard calcyclin) indicated abundant expression of calcyclin in smooth muscle tissues, including esophagus, large intestine, and trachea, with lower levels in lung, heart, kidney, and brain, and none detectable in liver or skeletal muscle.Key words: Ca2+-binding proteins, calcyclin, smooth muscle, cDNA cloning, isoforms.

Expression and epitopic conservation of calponin in different smooth muscles and during development

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Jin ◽  
Michael P. Walsh ◽  
Mary E. Resek ◽  
Gail A. McMartin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Young Chick ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cnbr Cleavage ◽  
Low Levels

Calponin is a thin filament associated protein found in smooth muscle as a potential modulator of contraction. Five mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs CP1, CP3, CP4, CP7, and CP8) were prepared against chicken gizzard α-calponin. The CP1 epitopic structure is conserved in smooth muscles across vertebrate phyla and is highly sensitive to CNBr cleavage in contrast with the chicken-specific CP4 and the avian–mammalian-specific CP8 epitopes that are resistant to CNBr fragmentation. Using this panel of mAbs against multiple epitopes, only α-calponin was detected in adult chicken smooth muscles and throughout development of the gizzard. Western blotting showed that the calponin content varied among different smooth muscle tissues and correlated with that of h-caldesmon. In contrast with the constitutive expression of calponin in phasic smooth muscle of the digestive tract, very low levels of calponin were detected in adult avian tracheas and no calponin expression was detected in embryonic and young chick tracheas. These results provide information on the structural conservation of calponins and suggest a relationship between calponin expression and smooth muscle functional states.Key words: smooth muscle calponin, caldesmon, expression, development, chicken trachea.

scholarly journals Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels in Myometrial and Vascular Smooth Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wray ◽  
Clodagh Prendergast ◽  
Sarah Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Channel Opening ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
And Control

In smooth muscle tissues, calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) provide the major anionic channel. Opening of these channels leads to chloride efflux and depolarization of the myocyte membrane. In this way, activation of the channels by a rise of intracellular [Ca2+], from a variety of sources, produces increased excitability and can initiate action potentials and contraction or increased tone. We now have a good mechanistic understanding of how the channels are activated and regulated, due to identification of TMEM16A (ANO1) as the molecular entity of the channel, but key questions remain. In reviewing these channels and comparing two distinct smooth muscles, myometrial and vascular, we expose the differences that occur in their activation mechanisms, properties, and control. We find that the myometrium only expresses “classical,” Ca2+-activated, and voltage sensitive channels, whereas both tonic and phasic blood vessels express classical, and non-classical, cGMP-regulated CaCC, which are voltage insensitive. This translates to more complex activation and regulation in vascular smooth muscles, irrespective of whether they are tonic or phasic. We therefore tentatively conclude that although these channels are expressed and functionally important in all smooth muscles, they are probably not part of the mechanisms governing phasic activity. Recent knockdown studies have produced unexpected functional results, e.g. no effects on labour and delivery, and tone increasing in some but decreasing in other vascular beds, strongly suggesting that there is still much to be explored concerning CaCC in smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Troponin C-like proteins (calmodulins) from mammalian smooth muscle and other tissues

1979 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Grand ◽  
S V Perry ◽  
R A Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Troponin C ◽  
Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Chicken Gizzard

1. An acidic protein with properties similar to those of troponin C from rabbit skeletal muscle has been shown to be present in bovine and rabbit smooth muscles, chicken gizzard and rabbit liver, kidney and lung. 2. A simple new method involving the use of organic solvents is described for the purification of the troponin C-like proteins from various tissues. 3. The troponin C-like proteins can be distinguished from rabbit skeletal-muscle toponin C by their electrophoretic behaviour on polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.3 in the presence and absence of Ca2+. The troponin C-like proteins have been shown to form complexes with rabbit skeletal-muscle troponin I that migrate on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. 4. Behaviour on electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and the patterns of CNBr digests on polyacrylamide gels indicate that the troponin C-like proteins from bovine uterus and aorta, rabbit uterus, and liver and chicken gizzard are very similar to, if not identical with, bovine brain modulator protein. 5. With bovine cardiac muscle the organic-solvent method yields a preparation consisting of roughly similar amounts of troponin C and troponin C-like protein. 6. By the isotope-dilution technique, troponin C-like protein has been shown to represent 0.42% of the total protein in rabbit uterus. 7. In homogenates of smooth muscle, rabbit lung, kidney and brain, the troponin C-like proteins form a complex with other protein (or proteins) that requires Ca2+ for its formation and that is not dissociated in 9M-urea.

scholarly journals An invertebrate smooth muscle with striated muscle myosin filaments

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (42) ◽  
pp. E5660-E5668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidenn Sulbarán ◽  
Lorenzo Alamo ◽  
Antonio Pinto ◽  
Gustavo Márquez ◽  
Franklin Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
Muscle Myosin ◽  
Surprising Finding

Muscle tissues are classically divided into two major types, depending on the presence or absence of striations. In striated muscles, the actin filaments are anchored at Z-lines and the myosin and actin filaments are in register, whereas in smooth muscles, the actin filaments are attached to dense bodies and the myosin and actin filaments are out of register. The structure of the filaments in smooth muscles is also different from that in striated muscles. Here we have studied the structure of myosin filaments from the smooth muscles of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. We find, surprisingly, that they are indistinguishable from those in an arthropod striated muscle. This structural similarity is supported by sequence comparison between the schistosome myosin II heavy chain and known striated muscle myosins. In contrast, the actin filaments of schistosomes are similar to those of smooth muscles, lacking troponin-dependent regulation. We conclude that schistosome muscles are hybrids, containing striated muscle-like myosin filaments and smooth muscle-like actin filaments in a smooth muscle architecture. This surprising finding has broad significance for understanding how muscles are built and how they evolved, and challenges the paradigm that smooth and striated muscles always have distinctly different components.

Occurrence of anti-gizzard P34K antibody cross-reactive components in bovine smooth muscles and non-smooth muscle tissues

Life Sciences ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhito Takahashi ◽  
Kunio Hiwada ◽  
Tatsuo Kokubu
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Muscle Tissues

scholarly journals Hypoxic conditioning in blood vessels and smooth muscle tissues: effects on function, mechanisms, and unknowns

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. H756-H770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Almohanna ◽  
Susan Wray
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hypoxic Preconditioning ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Force Increase ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Hypoxic preconditioning, the protective effect of brief, intermittent hypoxic or ischemic episodes on subsequent more severe hypoxic episodes, has been known for 30 yr from studies on cardiac muscle. The concept of hypoxic preconditioning has expanded; excitingly, organs beyond the heart, including the brain, liver, and kidney, also benefit. Preconditioning of vascular and visceral smooth muscles has received less attention despite their obvious importance to health. In addition, there has been no attempt to synthesize the literature in this field. Therefore, in addition to overviewing the current understanding of hypoxic conditioning, in the present review, we consider the role of blood vessels in conditioning and explore evidence for conditioning in other smooth muscles. Where possible, we have distinguished effects on myocytes from other cell types in the visceral organs. We found evidence of a pivotal role for blood vessels in conditioning and for conditioning in other smooth muscle, including the bladder, vascular myocytes, and gastrointestinal tract, and a novel response in the uterus of a hypoxic-induced force increase, which helps maintain contractions during labor. To date, however, there are insufficient data to provide a comprehensive or unifying mechanism for smooth muscles or visceral organs and the effects of conditioning on their function. This also means that no firm conclusions can be drawn as to how differences between smooth muscles in metabolic and contractile activity may contribute to conditioning. Therefore, we have suggested what may be general mechanisms of conditioning occurring in all smooth muscles and tabulated tissue-specific mechanistic findings and suggested ideas for further progress.

scholarly journals Isolation and purification of an antibody to 67-KD calcimedin.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Moore
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Muscle Tissues

The 67-KD calcimedin is a calcium-binding protein isolated from several muscle tissues. The protein shows apparent Mr of 67,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An antibody has been prepared by immunizing sheep with the protein purified from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. This antibody recognizes 67-KD calcimedin but not calmodulin, bovine serum albumin, transferrin, or brain p68 calelectrin. The presence of 67-KD calcimedin is demonstrated in the smooth muscle cell lines A10 and DDT1MF-2 as well as in primary cultures of chicken breast and heart muscle, by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The 67-KD calcimedin, being responsive to calcium, may play a role in calcium-mediated cell regulation. This report identifies several cells that may be useful for further delineation of the cellular role of 67-KD calcimedin.

scholarly journals Detecting the Multiomics Signatures of Factor-Specific Inflammatory Effects on Airway Smooth Muscles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hang Zhang ◽  
Zhandong Li ◽  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Smooth muscles are a specific muscle subtype that is widely identified in the tissues of internal passageways. This muscle subtype has the capacity for controlled or regulated contraction and relaxation. Airway smooth muscles are a unique type of smooth muscles that constitute the effective, adjustable, and reactive wall that covers most areas of the entire airway from the trachea to lung tissues. Infection with SARS-CoV-2, which caused the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, involves airway smooth muscles and their surrounding inflammatory environment. Therefore, airway smooth muscles and related inflammatory factors may play an irreplaceable role in the initiation and progression of several severe diseases. Many previous studies have attempted to reveal the potential relationships between interleukins and airway smooth muscle cells only on the omics level, and the continued existence of numerous false-positive optimal genes/transcripts cannot reflect the actual effective biological mechanisms underlying interleukin-based activation effects on airway smooth muscles. Here, on the basis of newly presented machine learning-based computational approaches, we identified specific regulatory factors and a series of rules that contribute to the activation and stimulation of airway smooth muscles by IL-13, IL-17, or the combination of both interleukins on the epigenetic and/or transcriptional levels. The detected discriminative factors (genes) and rules can contribute to the identification of potential regulatory mechanisms linking airway smooth muscle tissues and inflammatory factors and help reveal specific pathological factors for diseases associated with airway smooth muscle inflammation on multiomics levels.

scholarly journals Changes in the Contractile Activity and Reactivity to 5-HT of Smooth Muscles of Rats Following Total Body Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenodochidis A. Charilaos ◽  
Raina G. Ardasheva ◽  
Veselin G. Popov ◽  
Natalia A. Prissadova ◽  
Valentin I. Turiyski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Total Body

Background: Besides its “classical” neurotransmitter function in the central and peripheral nervous systems, serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is also a local hormone in a number of tissues, including those of the GI tract. Radiation is known to be able to disrupt certain functions of the tract, modulated by 5-HT-signaling pathways, or the serotonin receptors themselves. Aim: The present investigation focused on clarifying the nature and extent of influence of an accelerated electron beam with energy of 9 MeV on the serotonergic mediation of healthy smooth muscle gastric tissue of rats following total body irradiation of the animals. Materials and methods: The study involved a control group and two experimental groups of animals exposed to 1 and 5 Gy, respectively, using Siemens Primus S/N 3561. Circular smooth muscle tissues were isolated from rats 1 hour and 18 hours after they were exposed to 1 and 5 Gy and also 5 days after irradiation from the rats that received a dose of 5 Gy in order to investigate the action of exogenous serotonin at increasing concentrations from 10-8 to 10-4 mol/l. The contractile reactivity of each group SM preparations was registered isometrically. Results: Electron beams with energy of 9 MeV did not damage the contractile apparatus of gastric SM of rats and had a stimulating effect on contractility resulting from rapidly developing processes (1 hour) or later occurring once (5 days). Conclusions: Difference was observed in the importance of the factors of received dose, lapse of time from irradiation to investigation of SM tissues, and exogenous 5-HT concentration for the changes in SM reactivity in serotonin-induced tonic and phasic responses.

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