scholarly journals Blue light insertion at night is involved in sleep and arousal-promoting response delays and depressive-like emotion in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wu ◽  
Shuo Wu ◽  
Qiuqi Gui ◽  
Kaixin Tang ◽  
Qiqi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Light Group

Light plays a direct crucial role in the switch between sleep and arousal and the regulation of physiology and behaviour, such as circadian rhythms and emotional change. Artificial lights, which are different from natural light sources with a continuous light spectrum, are composed of three single-colour lights and are increasingly applied in modern society. However, in vivo research on the mechanisms of blue light-regulated sleep and arousal is still insufficient. In this work, we detected the effects of inserting white or blue light for 1 h during the dark period on the wheel-running activity and sucrose preference of C57 mice. The results showed that blue light could induce delays in sleep and arousal-promoting responses. Furthermore, this lighting pattern, including blue light alone, induced depressive-like emotions. The c-fos expression in the blue light group was significantly higher in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) and significantly lower in the cingulate cortex (Cg) and anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVA) than in the white light group. Compared with the white light group, the phospho-ERK expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and PVA was lower in the blue light group. These molecular changes indicated that certain brain regions are involved in blue light-induced response processes. This study may provide useful information to explore the specific mechanism of special light-regulated physiological function.

Nature of the light stimulus producing Aschoff's intensity effect and anovulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R296-R301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Ferraro ◽  
C. E. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Feedback Circuits

Using feedback circuits, light exposure was linked to wheel-running activity in female albino rats. Because the photosensitive portions of the circadian cycle are known to coincide with wheel-running activity, the feedback circuits concentrated light on the photosensitive portions of the cycle. In this type of lighting, the free-running period of locomotor activity was directly proportional to the light intensity (i.e., the Aschoff effect), and at an intensity of 100 1x, cyclic ovulation caused. Both these effects, which were previously thought to result only from exposure to continuous light (LL), occurred even though these rats were exposed to only 4 h of light per circadian cycle. These results indicate that the consequences of LL are not due to the continuity of the light per se but represent the effects of light falling on discrete photosensitive portions of the circadian cycle.

PARALLEL EFFECTS OF LIGHT SIGNALS ON THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF RUNNING ACTIVITY AND OVULATION IN RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SRIDARAN ◽  
C. E. McCORMACK
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Light Signals ◽  
Usual Laboratory

SUMMARY Continuous monitoring of wheel-running activity and determination of the time of ovulation in rats by serial laparotomies revealed that ovulation followed the onset of running at prooestrus by approximately 9 h (range 7–11 h). This temporal relationship held in rats in which the period of the circadian rhythm had been modified (entrained) by daily exposure to 14 h photoperiods, and in rats in dim continuous light whose rhythms were non-entrained (freerunning). Knowledge of this temporal relationship between the two rhythms made it possible to give bright light signals at known points in the circadian cycle of the rat and to observe the effects on the timing of running and ovulation in subsequent cycles. Giving daily light signals near the onset of running (i.e. at subjective dusk) delayed, whereas giving signals near the end of running (i.e. at subjective dawn) advanced, the time of running and ovulation in subsequent cycles. These results indicate that in rats exposed to the usual laboratory photoperiod the delaying effect of dusk light and the advancing effect of dawn light balance one another; thus the preovulatory surge of LH occurs at a relatively consistent time at prooestrus.

Activity Rhythms in the Marsupials Isoodon macrourus and Perameles nasuta in Captivity

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Night And Day

Exercise wheels and closed-circuit television were used to record the activity rhythms of 34 1. macrourus and 32 P, nasuta (1) outdoors; (2) indoors with natural light; (3) indoors with artificial light in which the phases of night and day were normal; (4) same as (3) but with the phases of night and day reversed; (5) continuous dark; (6) continuous light. In tests (3)-(6) a faint red light was on continuously. These tests were made on animals caged singly or in pairs and lasted for periods of from 8 to 357 days. When a male and a female of different body weights were tested together, the animal using the wheel was identified by its weight. Five I. macrourus and 23 P. nasuta exposed to normal phases of night and day were active mainly during the dark periods. The daily activity pattern varied considerably but was fairly constant for individuals. When the phases of night and day were reversed, the animals continued to be active during the dark periods and, in many of them, the pattern of activity was similar to that under normal phases of night and day. They were, therefore, entrained to the artificial lighting system. However, in 17 out of 31 P. nasuta and 5 out of 31 1. macrourus exposed to reversed lighting conditions, activity started later each day. When the trigger for exercise began to fall close to the beginning of a light period, no activity was taken; the animals did not run in the wheel or take other exercise for 2-5 days, feeding and drinking were greatly reduced and some animals did not leave the nest box for 1-2 days. After this pause, exercise began again at the beginning of a dark period. In 10 I. macrourus exposed to continuous dark the period of the endogenous rhythm was either more than or less than 24 h, and in continuous light (four animals), the wheel-running activity was greatly reduced.

Differential effects of food restriction on pituitary-testicular function in mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R181-R189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Blank ◽  
C. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

The reproductive responses of two species of wild rodents, house mice and deer mice, were evaluated following a 30% reduction in food intake for 5 wk. These animal models were chosen as prototypes of other rodent species because each employs unique functional adjustments when confronted with reduced resources in their natural habitats. Modest inanition failed to alter pituitary-testicular function in house mice; neither spermatogenesis nor plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were modified. In sharp distinction, deer mice exposed to restricted food intake showed significant reductions in plasma LH and testosterone and an accompanying loss in spermatogenesis. Reduced food intake also caused pronounced shifts in the temporal organization and amount of wheel-running activity in both animal models, albeit in a dichotomous fashion. House mice exhibited the same amount of wheel-running activity throughout inanition, but the diel periodicity of locomotor behavior was shifted from the dark to the light period. Deer mice, in comparison, significantly curtailed wheel-running activity during the dark hours but ran in precise phase relationship with the light-dark cycle. Taken together, our results establish that the male reproductive system and its supporting neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates can be disrupted by modest levels of food restriction in certain animal models.

Genetic analysis of daily physical activity using a mouse chromosome substitution strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
He S. Yang ◽  
Martha H. Vitaterna ◽  
Aaron D. Laposky ◽  
Kazuhiro Shimomura ◽  
Fred W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

There is considerable evidence for a genetic basis underlying individual differences in spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals. Previous publications indicate that the physical activity level and pattern vary among inbred strains of mice and identified a genomic region on chromosome 13 as quantitative trait loci (QTL) for physical activity. To confirm and further characterize the role of chromosome 13 in regulating daily physical activity level and pattern, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic study in the chromosome 13 substitution strain (CSS-13) in which the individual chromosome 13 from the A/J strain was substituted into an otherwise complete C57BL/6J (B6) genome. The B6 and A/J parental strains exhibited pronounced differences in daily physical activity, sleep-wake structure, circadian period and body weight. Here we report that a single A/J chromosome 13 in the context of a B6 genetic background conferred a profound reduction in both total cage activity and wheel-running activity under a 14:10-h light-dark cycle, as well as in constant darkness, compared with B6 controls. Additionally, CSS-13 mice differed from B6 controls in the diurnal distribution of activity and the day-to-day variability in activity onset. We further performed a linkage analysis and mapped a significant QTL on chromosome 13 regulating the daily wheel running activity level in mice. Taken together, our findings indicate a QTL on chromosome 13 with dramatic and specific effects on daily voluntary physical activity, but not on circadian period, sleep, or other aspects of activity that are different between B6 and A/J strains.

scholarly journals Strain screen and haplotype association mapping of wheel running in inbred mouse strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Timothy Lightfoot ◽  
Larry Leamy ◽  
Daniel Pomp ◽  
Michael J. Turner ◽  
Anthony A. Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Haplotype Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

Previous genetic association studies of physical activity, in both animal and human models, have been limited in number of subjects and genetically homozygous strains used as well as number of genomic markers available for analysis. Expansion of the available mouse physical activity strain screens and the recently published dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of the mouse genome (≈8.3 million SNPs) and associated statistical methods allowed us to construct a more generalizable map of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with physical activity. Specifically, we measured wheel running activity in male and female mice (average age 9 wk) in 41 inbred strains and used activity data from 38 of these strains in a haplotype association mapping analysis to determine QTL associated with activity. As seen previously, there was a large range of activity patterns among the strains, with the highest and lowest strains differing significantly in daily distance run (27.4-fold), duration of activity (23.6-fold), and speed (2.9-fold). On a daily basis, female mice ran further (24%), longer (13%), and faster (11%). Twelve QTL were identified, with three (on Chr. 12, 18, and 19) in both male and female mice, five specific to males, and four specific to females. Eight of the 12 QTL, including the 3 general QTL found for both sexes, fell into intergenic areas. The results of this study further support the findings of a moderate to high heritability of physical activity and add general genomic areas applicable to a large number of mouse strains that can be further mined for candidate genes associated with regulation of physical activity. Additionally, results suggest that potential genetic mechanisms arising from traditional noncoding regions of the genome may be involved in regulation of physical activity.

Interstrain differences in activity pattern, pineal function, and SCN melatonin receptor density of rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. R1078-R1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Klante ◽  
Karin Secci ◽  
Mireille Masson-Pévet ◽  
Paul Pévet ◽  
Berthe Vivien-Roels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Inbred Rat

We investigated the possibility that strain-dependent differences in the diurnal pattern of wheel running activity rhythms are also reflected in the melatonin profiles. The inbred rat strains ACI/Ztm, BH/Ztm, and LEW/Ztm. LEW were examined for diurnal [12:12-h light-dark (LD)] wheel running activity, urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion, melatonin concentrations of plasma and pineal glands, and melatonin receptor density in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). ACI rats displayed unimodal activity patterns with a high level of activity, whereas BH and LEW rats showed multimodal activity patterns with ultradian components and reduced activity levels. In contrast, the individual daily profiles of aMT6s excretion and mean melatonin synthesis followed a unimodal time pattern in all three strains, suggesting that different output pathways of the SCN are responsible for the temporal organization of locomotor activity and pineal melatonin synthesis. In addition, melatonin synthesis at night and SCN melatonin receptor density at day were significantly higher in BH and LEW rats than in ACI rats. These results support the hypothesis of a long-term stimulating effect of melatonin on its own receptor density in the SCN.

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