Glyoxalase Centennial conference: introduction, history of research on the glyoxalase system and future prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naila Rabbani ◽  
Paul J. Thornalley
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

On 27–29 November 2013, researchers gathered at the University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K., to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of the glyoxalase pathway. The glyoxalase system was discovered and reported in papers by Carl Neuberg and by Henry Drysdale Dakin and Harold Ward Dudley in 1913. All three were leading extraordinary investigators in the pioneering years of biochemistry. Neuberg proposed glyoxalase as the pathway of mainstream glycolysis and Gustav Embden correctly discounted this, later confirmed by Otto Meyerhof. Albert Szent-Györgyi proposed glyoxalase I as the regulator of cell growth and others discounted this. In the meantime, molecular, structural and mechanistic properties of the enzymatic components of the system, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, have been characterized. The physiological function of the glyoxalase pathway of enzymatic defence against dicarbonyl glycation, particularly by endogenous methylglyoxal, now seems secure. We are now in an era of investigation of the regulation of the glyoxalase system where a role in aging and disease, physiological stress and drug resistance and development of healthier foods and new pharmaceuticals is emerging. The history of glyoxalase research illustrates the scientific process of hypothesis proposal, testing and rejection or acceptance with further investigation, standing testament to the need for intuition guided by experience and expertise, as well as indefatigable experimentation.

Angkor Wat: A transcultural history of heritages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chanratana Chen
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The University

In December 2019, Michael Falser, of the University of Heidelberg, a specialist on heritage preservation and the art and architectural history of South and Southeast Asia, published his two-volume study, Angkor Wat: A transcultural history of heritages, which he had spent almost ten years researching. The volumes cover the history of research of the most famous monument in Cambodia, Angkor Wat, the world's largest religious monument, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The two volumes include more than 1,400 black-and-white and colour illustrations, including historical photographs and the author's own photographs, architectural plans and samples of tourist brochures and media clips about Angkor Wat, which has been represented as a national and international icon for almost 150 years, since the 1860s.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of a Ni2+-Activated and Mycothiol-Dependent Glyoxalase I Enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor

Inorganics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthaiwan Suttisansanee ◽  
John F. Honek
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Activation Profile

The glyoxalase system consists of two enzymes, glyoxalase I (Glo1) and glyoxalase II (Glo2), and converts a hemithioacetal substrate formed between a cytotoxic alpha-ketoaldehyde, such as methylglyoxal (MG), and an intracellular thiol, such as glutathione, to a non-toxic alpha-hydroxy acid, such as d-lactate, and the regenerated thiol. Two classes of Glo1 have been identified. The first is a Zn2+-activated class and is exemplified by the Homo sapiens Glo1. The second class is a Ni2+-activated enzyme and is exemplified by the Escherichia coli Glo1. Glutathione is the intracellular thiol employed by Glo1 from both these sources. However, many organisms employ other intracellular thiols. These include trypanothione, bacillithiol, and mycothiol. The trypanothione-dependent Glo1 from Leishmania major has been shown to be Ni2+-activated. Genetic studies on Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum focused on MG resistance have indicated the likely existence of Glo1 enzymes employing bacillithiol or mycothiol respectively, although no protein characterizations have been reported. The current investigation provides a preliminary characterization of an isolated mycothiol-dependent Glo1 from Streptomyces coelicolor. The enzyme has been determined to display a Ni2+-activation profile and indicates that Ni2+-activated Glo1 are indeed widespread in nature regardless of the intracellular thiol employed by an organism.

Law reform in the twenty-first century

Legal Studies ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Toulson
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
First Century ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University ◽  
Law Commission

In this paper, which is the text of a lecture given at the official launch of the Law School at the University of Bradford on 11 May 2006, the history of law reform in England is traced, the role of the Law Commission is analysed and future prospects are considered.

scholarly journals Glyoxalase System in the Progression of Skin Aging and Skin Malignancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Silvia Yumnam ◽  
Lalita Subedi ◽  
Sun Yeou Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Skin Abnormalities ◽  
Anticancer Drug Development

Dicarbonyl compounds, including methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), are mainly formed as byproducts of glucose metabolism. The main glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and II (Glo1 and Glo2) and is the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of dicarbonyl stress, which occurs as an accumulation of MGO or GO due to decreased activity or expression of Glo1. Dicarbonyl stress is a major cause of cellular and tissue dysfunction that causes various health issues, including diabetes, aging, and cancer. The skin is the largest organ in the body. In this review, we discuss the role of the glyoxalase system in the progression of skin aging, and more importantly, skin malignancies. We also discuss the future prospects of the glyoxalase system in other skin abnormalities such as psoriasis and vitiligo, including hyperpigmentation. Finally, in the present review, we suggest the role of glyoxalase in the progression of skin aging and glyoxalase system as a potential target for anticancer drug development for skin cancer.

scholarly journals The University of Utah, its Authors, and their Works, 1883-1970

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Mower
Keyword(s):  
Higher Learning ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Institution Of Higher Learning

Descriptive bibliography that shows the history of research and writing at an institution of higher learning.

scholarly journals Controlled Traffic Farming – From Worldwide Research To Adoption In Europe And Its Future Prospects

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Chamen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dedicated Team ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Abstract Controlled traffic farming is a machinery management system that confines all field vehicles to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. It has developed in response to research evidence of widespread soil damage from compaction due to field traffic. The history of research on soil compaction is explored and found to be a relatively new phenomenon. Controlled traffic farming as a topic for research did not appear until the 1980s although its principles and benefits were well established before then. Research expanded over the next decades but changed subtly to more reviews on the topic as well as emphasis on environmental deliverables and some economics studies. Few if any researchers attempted to develop on-farm systems using existing machinery until the mid 1990s when a small and dedicated team in Australia encouraged farmers to experiment. This quickly led to rapid expansion across the continent to its present day c. 13% of the cropped area. Despite changes to extension services in northern Europe at around the turn of the century and a move to subsidiarity, this did not alter the model of controlled traffic adoption. This followed a similar pattern to that in Australia involving individuals rather than organizations.

scholarly journals TRAINING TEACHERS TO INTERACT WITH STUDENTS SHOWING DEVIANT BEHAVIOR: ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
O. I Istrofilova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Research

The paper analyzes various approaches to training teachers to interact with students demonstrating deviations in behavior. The complexity and inconsistency of the current situation with personality socialization exacerbates the problem of deviant behavior in children and adolescents. The aim of this research was to consider urgent issues of preparing teachers for working with children showing deviant behavior. The works of leading experts and psychologists were reviewed; the history of research in this area was analyzed; and the main problems and the proposed solutions were noted. The theoretical and practical achievements of educators were closely considered. The findings indicate the future prospects of psychological and pedagogical research on the topic and support the idea to improve the training of educators who teach children with behavioral abnormalities.

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