Role of the Splanchnic Bed in Extracting Circulating Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver

1. Splanchnic extraction rates of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined in seven normal subjects and in nine patients with cirrhosis of the liver using arterial-hepatic venous catherization. 2. Both catecholamines were effectively removed when the blood passed through the splanchnic area: splanchnic fractional uptake of adrenaline in normal subjects was 90 ± 3%, and lower for noradrenaline, 68 ± 4% (P < 0.001). Net splanchnic extraction rates were higher for noradrenaline (126 ± 16 ng/min) than for adrenaline (40 ± 10 ng/min, P < 0.001), probably due to the higher arterial plasma levels of noradrenaline. 3. Resting arterial adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in normal subjects (adrenaline: 121 ± 27 vs 54 ± 8 pg/ml, P < 0.05; noradrenaline: 678 ± 89 vs 251 ± 26 pg/ml, P < 0.005). Net splanchnic catecholamine uptake was increased in cirrhotic patients. 4. The results demonstrate that the splanchnic bed in normal and cirrhotic subjects extracts plasma catecholamines efficiently; they suggest that elevated plasma catecholamines in cirrhosis are not the result of impaired splanchnic catecholamine removal.

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A HORMONAL ASSESSMENT OF BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS: EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF OESTROGEN

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0880161 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 161-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

B. W. HOLLIS ◽

H. H. DRAPER ◽

J. H. BURTON ◽

R. J. ETCHES

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Post Partum ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Parturient Paresis

A comparative assessment was made of the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis in eight dairy cows which developed parturient paresis and in seven normal animals from the same herd. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, free hydroxyproline, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, prolactin and oestrogen were monitored from 30 days prepartum to 15 days post partum. Prepartum levels of plasma calcium, hydroxyproline and calcitonin were depressed in the paretic animals, and plasma levels of phosphorus and oestrogen were elevated. Plasma levels of 25-OHD remained stable in both groups, whereas levels of 1,25-(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone and prolactin rose sharply at parturition. Plasma hydroxyproline, an index of bone resorption, began to rise 2 days prepartum in the control cows but not until 2 days post partum in the paretic cows. The data indicate that bone resorption was inhibited in the paretic group at the onset of lactation, and that a decreased capacity for bone resorption is a major factor in the susceptibility of some cows to this disease. The failure of the paretic animals to resorb bone was not associated with an inability to synthesize the calcium-mobilizing hormones parathyroid hormone or 1,25-(OH)2D, or to regulate the production of calcitonin. However, hypocalcaemia in the affected animals was associated with a significantly higher plasma level of oestrogen (a known inhibitor of bone resorption) in the immediate prepartum period. Following parturition, plasma levels of oestrogen fell rapidly and active bone resorption ensued in the paretic animals.

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Elevated plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor in rats experimentally envenomated with Bothrops jararaca venom: Role of snake venom metalloproteases

Toxicon ◽

10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B.C. Prezoto ◽

E.E. Kato ◽

L.R.C. Gonçalves ◽

S.C. Sampaio ◽

I.S. Sano-Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Hepatocyte Growth Factor ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Bothrops Jararaca ◽

Hepatocyte Growth

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THE PLASMA LEVELS OF VITAMIN A AFTER THE INGESTION OF STANDARD DOSES: STUDIES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER 1

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci101264 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 709-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elaine P. Ralli ◽

Eli Bauman ◽

Leslie B. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Cirrhosis Of The Liver

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Correlations Between Biochemical Profile and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver Without Previous Cardiovascular Abnormalities

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.8.6501 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 2213-2216

Author(s):

Irina Iuliana Costache ◽

Irina Garleanu ◽

Ovidiu Mitu ◽

Adriana Ion ◽

Amalia Darie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Diastolic Function ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Biochemical Variables ◽

Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽

Cirrhotic Patients

The role of cardiac imaging in the management of non-cardiovascular diseases has been continuously increased. Most studies suggest the utility of echocardiography examination in the evaluation of left ventricular function in cirrhotic patients, being well-known that cirrhosis of the liver is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities which include especially left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac dysfunction contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of echocardiography in assessing left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in cirrhotic patients in order to establish a correlation between echocardiography parameters and biochemical variables in patients with end-stage cirrhosis. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis over a two-year period (2016-2018). 41 patients with cirrhotic liver from the departments of Gastroenterology and Cardiology from St Spiridon Emergency Hospital of Ia�i were included in the study, after a written informed consent was obtained. Patients with any previous cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities, other causes of pulmonary hypertension and endocrinopathies were excluded from the study. Using transthoracic echocardiography left ventricle dimensions and wall thickness (left ventricle posterior wall thickness + interventricular septum thickness) and also diastolic function (E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave) and systolic function (ejection fraction) were determined along with biochemical variables. In conclusion, no significant association was obtained between echocardiographic changes and biochemical profile in patients with cirrhosis of liver.

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Postprandial regulation of renal hemodynamics: role of pancreatic glucagon

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.5.f656 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 248 (5) ◽

pp. F656-F662 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. J. Premen ◽

J. E. Hall ◽

M. J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Filtration Rate ◽

Renal Hemodynamics ◽

Plasma Glucagon ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Postprandial State ◽

Meat Meal ◽

Arterial Plasma ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Quantitative Importance

The aim of this study was to ascertain the quantitative importance of glucagon in mediating protein-induced increases in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during the postprandial state. Six chronically instrumented conscious dogs were each subjected to four protocols: normal protein control meal (C); high protein meat meal (M); somatostatin infusion and meat (S + M); and glucagon infusion. C produced small increases in RBF (12 +/- 2%) and GFR (14 +/- 2%) without changing arterial plasma glucagon. M produced marked increases in RBF (38 +/- 4%), GFR (41 +/- 5%), and glucagon (from 23.3 +/- 3.6 to 73.3 +/- 7.1 pg/ml) over a 3-h period. During S + M, RBF and GFR failed to increase while glucagon was suppressed by 36 +/- 8% over a 2-h period. When S was stopped, glucagon rose to 100 +/- 13.9 pg/ml over the next hour, yet RBF and GFR increased by only 14 +/- 4 and 10 +/- 3%, respectively. Glucagon infusion (3 ng X kg-1 X min-1, i.v.) markedly elevated plasma glucagon to 131.6 +/- 27.3 pg/ml, yet neither RBF nor GFR significantly changed. These data indicate that while a protein-rich meat meal does elevate arterial plasma glucagon, the rise is not great enough to elicit significant changes in renal hemodynamics. Thus, elevated plasma levels of glucagon cannot account for protein-mediated increases in RBF and GFR during the postprandial state.

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Soluble fractalkine in the plasma of fibromyalgia patients

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201420130081 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1915-1917 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JUAN J. GARCIA ◽

EDUARDO ORTEGA

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Lower Plasma ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Diagnostic Criterion

Fibromyalgia is a form of non-articular rheumatism in which inflammatory cytokines seem to be involved. However, there is still no analytical specific diagnostic criterion for this disease. The aim was to examine a possible role of fractalkine as a biomarker in fibromyalgia. Plasma levels of soluble fractalkine were compared between women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (n=17) and healthy women (n=10) as controls. Fractalkine released by monocytes was also evaluated. Fibromyalgia patients showed lower plasma fractalkine than healthy women. Since most inflammatory pathologies show elevated plasma levels of soluble fractalkine, the results may contribute towards a differential diagnosis for fibromyalgia.

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Plasma Levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine during Sympathetic Stimulation and in Raynaud's Phenomenon

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0860269 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 269-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jay D. Coffman ◽

Richard A. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Levels ◽

Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽

Sympathetic Stimulation ◽

Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽

Body Cooling ◽

Arterial Plasma ◽

Secondary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽

Venous Plasma

1. The involvement of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine in normal subjects during sympathetic stimulation and in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon was studied. 2. Arterial and venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were measured in normal subjects in a warm room, during reflex sympathetic stimulation by body cooling and during intra-arterial infusions of tyramine. Normal subjects (n = 19) had significantly higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in venous plasma [mean 1.42 (SEM 0.23) ng/ml] than in arterial plasma [0.67 (0.12) ng/ml; P < 0.01]. Body cooling (n = 10) or tyramine infusion (n = 8) did not increase venous levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine despite significant decreases in blood flow and increases in vascular resistance. 3. Venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were also determined in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (n = 12) or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon due to scleroderma (n = 11). Patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon did not have significantly higher venous plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine than normal subjects, even during vasospastic attacks (n = 3). 4. It is concluded that either 5-hydroxytryptamine is not involved in sympathetic nerve vasoconstriction or in Raynaud's phenomenon, or 5-hydroxytryptamine released in the microcirculation is largely taken up or metabolized by endothelial cells or platelets.

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Extrasplanchnic effect of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) on plasma estrogen levels in the dog.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1979.236.4.e347 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 236 (4) ◽

pp. E347

Author(s):

D C Collins ◽

H M Balikian ◽

H R Robinson ◽

J R Preedy

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Renal Excretion ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Conjugated Estrogens ◽

Estrone Sulfate ◽

Intravenous Infusions ◽

Arterial Plasma ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The effect of the drug sulfobromophthalein (BSP) on plasma estrogens in the dog were studied during intravenous infusions of 3H-labeled estrogens. During [3H]estrone infusion, BSP administration caused a marked increase in arterial plasma levels of the radioactive conjugated estrogens, estrone glucosiduronate, estradiol-17 beta glucosiduronate(s), and estrone sulfate. Levels of the unconjugated estrogens, estrone and estradiol-17 beta, were substantially unaltered. Possible mechanisms were investigated. Splanchnic extraction of the conjugates did not change significantly during BSP administration, and renal excretion rose promptly in proportion to the plasma levels, thus virtually excluding decreased biliary or renal excretion. There was no net discharge of estrogen glucosiduronate radioactivity from adipose tissue or muscle following BSP. During [3H]estrone glucosiduronate infusion, BSP again caused an increase in plasma estrone glucosiduronate, thus excluding increased formation (of this conjugate, at least). BSP caused decreased extraction of estrone glucosiduronate by the hindlimb, indicating that decreased metabolism was the probable cause of the elevated plasma levels. BSP also caused decreased formation of unconjugated estrogens by the lungs, indicating that the decreased metabolism includes decreased hydrolysis of estrogen glucosiduronates.

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The Role of Age on Beta-Amyloid1–42 Plasma Levels in Healthy Subjects

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.698571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Zecca ◽

Giuseppe Pasculli ◽

Rosanna Tortelli ◽

Maria Teresa Dell’Abate ◽

Rosa Capozzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Levels ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Amyloid Aβ ◽

Neurologically Normal ◽

Post Hoc

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques have been observed in the brain of healthy elderlies with frequencies strongly influenced by age. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of age and other biochemical and hematological parameters on Aβ1–42 plasma levels in cognitively and neurologically normal individuals. Two-hundred and seventy-five normal subjects stratified by age groups (<35 years, 35–65 years, and >65 years) were included in the study. Aβ1–42 plasma levels significantly correlated with age (rs = 0.27; p < 0.0001) in the whole sample, inversely correlated with age in the first age group (rs = −0.25, p = 0.01), positively correlated in the second group (rs = 0.22, p = 0.03), while there was no significant correlation in the older group (rs = 0.02, p = 0.86). Both age (β-estimate = 0.08; p < 0.001) and cholesterol (β-estimate = 0.03; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with Aβ1–42 plasma level in multivariable analysis. However, only the association with age survived post hoc adjustment for multiple comparisons. The different effects of age on the Aβ level across age groups should be explored in further studies to better understand the age-dependent variability. This could better define the value of plasma Aβ as a biomarker of the Alzheimer neuropathology.

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