Muscle morphology and enzymes in proximal and distal muscle groups of lower limb from patients with corticosteroid treated rheumatoid arthritis: the relationship to maximal isokinetic muscle strength

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Danneskiold-Samsøe ◽  
G. Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength

1. Abnormal morphological and enzymatic patterns in the lateral vastus muscle have been found in women with corticosteroid treated rheumatoid arthritis. By means of biopsies from the lateral heads of right gastrocnemius muscles, the histology and enzyme activities were compared with those found in right vastus lateralis biopsies. The findings were correlated with isometric and isokinetic strength of the plantar flexors. 2. The relative occurrence of type I fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was 46.4 ± 18.7 (sd) %, which is significantly higher than found in the vastus lateralis [35.7 ± 13.3 (sd) %] (P < 0.03). 3. The relatively lower percentage of type II fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was due to a relatively low percentage of type II A fibres [mean 27.9 ± 16.4 (sd) %] (P < 0.05). 4. The area of type I fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was 26.1 × 102 ± 10.0 (sd) μm2, which is 74% of the mean area for type I fibres found in the vastus lateralis (P < 0.01). 5. The area of type II fibres in the gastrocnemius was 14.9 × 102 ± 7.1 (sd) μm2, which is 77% of the mean area for type II fibres found in the vastus lateralis. 6. The isokinetic muscle strength of the plantar flexors in corticosteroid treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis was reduced to less than 50% at all angular velocities when compared with healthy women. The same difference was found in the knee extensors. 7. Both type I and type II fibre areas correlated positively with the activity of β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (r = 0.72, P < 0.02; r = 0.77, P < 0.01). The activity of the oxidative enzyme citric acid synthase (but not β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) correlated positively with the isokinetic muscle strength of the plantar flexors at all the angular velocities (r = 0.75, P < 0.01; r = 0.57, P < 0.05). 8. The isokinetic strength as well as the type I and II fibre areas in the vastus lateralis biopsies correlated well with the same parameters in the gastrocnemius muscle (r approx. 0.70, P < 0.001). The vastus lateralis and the gastrocnemius muscles had similar morphology in the same subjects. In the control subjects and in the patients a close correlation was found between the isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and the plantar flexors. 9. It is concluded that the corticosteroid effect on muscles seems to occur in both the proximal and distal skeletal muscles.

The influence of prednisone on the muscle morphology and muscle enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Danneskiold-Samsøe ◽  
G. Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Muscle Enzymes ◽  
Muscle Morphology

1. Thirty-five female patients, mean age 63 years, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis participated the study. Twenty patients had been on long-term low-dose corticosteroid treatment. Fifteen patients had never received corticosteroids. A control group of 15 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects was also studied. 2. Examination of muscle biopsies from the (right) vastus lateralis and measurements of isokinetic and isometric knee-extension muscle strength were performed in all subjects. 3. Rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with corticosteroid showed a low percentage of type I fibres, mean 35.7 (range 17–66) % compared with patients who did not receive corticosteroid (P < 0.005). The latter group did not differ from the controls. 4. The muscle fibre areas also were affected in the corticosteroid treated rheumatoid patients. Type I and type II mean fibre areas were reduced by 32% and 50%, respectively, when compared with non-prednisone treated patients. The latter group did not differ from the controls in this respect. 5. A correlation was found between the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensors and the mean areas of type I and type II in patients treated with prednisone (r = 0.48, P < 0.05 and r = 0.58, P < 0.02 respectively). No such correlation was found when using isometric measurements of the knee extensors. A positive correlation was found in both groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients between the areas of the type I and type II fibres (r = 0.66–0.68, P < 0.05–0.02). 6. It is concluded that the observed abnormal muscle morphology and low knee-extension capacity found in the corticosteroid treated patients is due to the treatment rather than to other factors, as there were no other differences between the two groups of patients.

Compensatory muscle fiber hypertrophy in elderly men

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aniansson ◽  
G. Grimby ◽  
M. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Elderly Men

Muscle strength and muscle morphology have been studied three times during a period of 11 yr in nine elderly men. On the last occasion the average age was 80.4 (range 79–82) yr. Body cell mass decreased by 6% and muscle strength for knee extension, measured by means of isometric and concentric isokinetic (30–60 degrees/s) recordings, declined by 25–35% over the 11-yr period. Between 76 and 80 yr of age only the isokinetic strength for 30 degrees/s decreased significantly. Muscle fiber composition in the vastus lateralis did not change between 69 and 76 yr of age, but there was a significant reduction in the proportion of type IIb fibers from 76 to 80 yr. The decrease in type II fiber areas was not significant between 69 and 76 yr of age (as in a larger sample from the same population), but a significant increase in both type I and type II fiber areas was recorded from 76 to 80 yr of age and biceps brachii showed similar tendencies. In the same period, the enzymatic activities of myokinase and lactate dehydrogenase subsided in the vastus lateralis, but there was no change for triose phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy-CoA-dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The muscle fiber hypertrophy in this group of elderly men with maintained physical activity between 76 and 80 yr of age is interpreted as a compensatory adaptation for the loss of motor units. In addition, the adaptation with respect to oxidative capacities seems to be maintained at this age.

The deleterious effects of bed rest on human skeletal muscle fibers are exacerbated by hypercortisolemia and ameliorated by dietary supplementation

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. C313-C320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Fitts ◽  
J. G. Romatowski ◽  
J. R. Peters ◽  
D. Paddon-Jones ◽  
R. R. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

Prolonged inactivity associated with bed rest in a clinical setting or spaceflight is frequently associated with hypercortisolemia and inadequate caloric intake. Here, we determined the effect of 28 days of bed rest (BR); bed rest plus hypercortisolemia (BRHC); and bed rest plus essential amino acid (AA) and carbohydrate (CHO) supplement (BRAA) on the size and function of single slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Supplementing meals, the BRAA group consumed 16.5 g essential amino acids and 30 g sucrose at 1100, 1600, and 2100 h, and the BRHC subjects received 5 daily doses of 10–15 mg of oral hydrocortisone sodium succinate throughout bed rest. Bed rest induced atrophy and loss of force (mN) and power (μN·FL·s−1) in single fibers was exacerbated by hypercortisolemia where soleus peak force declined by 23% in the type I fiber from a prevalue of 0.78 ± 0.02 to 0.60 ± 0.02 mN post bed rest (compared to a 7% decline with bed rest alone) and 27% in the type II fiber (1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 0.81 ± 0.05 mN). In the BRHC group, peak power dropped by 19, 15, and 11% in the soleus type I, and vastus lateralis (VL) type I and II fibers, respectively. The AA/CHO supplement protected against the bed rest-induced loss of peak force in the type I soleus and peak power in the VL type II fibers. These results provide evidence that an AA/CHO supplement might serve as a successful countermeasure to help preserve muscle function during periods of relative inactivity.

scholarly journals Effect of 4 Weeks of Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training on Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Muscle Activity in Adults Patients with a Femoral Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8572
Author(s):  
Pyeongon Kim ◽  
Haneul Lee ◽  
Wonho Choi ◽  
Sangmi Jung
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Gluteus Muscle ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to identify the effect of anti-gravity treadmill training on isokinetic lower-limb muscle strength and muscle activities in patients surgically treated for a hip fracture. A total of 34 participants were randomly assigned into two groups: anti-gravity treadmill training group (n = 17) and control group (n = 17). The isokinetic muscle strength and endurance of hip flexor and extensor and the activities of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), gluteus maximus (GM), and gluteus medialis (Gm) muscles were measured before and after 4 weeks of the interventions. Significant improvements were observed in isokinetic muscle strength and endurance of hip flexors and extensors in both groups (p < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between the groups (p > 0.05) except for muscle strength of the hip extensor (d = 0.78, p = 0029). Statistically significant increases in the muscle activity of VL, VM, GM, and Gm were found before and after the intervention (p < 0.05), and significant differences in muscle activities of GM (d = 2.64, p < 0.001) and Gm (d = 2.59, p < 0.001) were observed between the groups. Our results indicate that both groups showed improvement in muscle strength, endurance, and activities after the intervention. Additionally, anti-gravity treadmill training improved significantly more muscle strength at 60°/s of the hip extensor and gluteus muscle activities than conventional therapy, which may be appropriate for patients with hip fracture surgery.

Recruitment of single muscle fibers during submaximal cycling exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1752-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Altenburg ◽  
H. Degens ◽  
W. van Mechelen ◽  
A. J. Sargeant ◽  
A. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Type Ii Fibers

In literature, an inconsistency exists in the submaximal exercise intensity at which type II fibers are activated. In the present study, the recruitment of type I and II fibers was investigated from the very beginning and throughout a 45-min cycle exercise at 75% of the maximal oxygen uptake, which corresponded to 38% of the maximal dynamic muscle force. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were taken from six subjects at rest and during the exercise, two at each time point. From the first biopsy single fibers were isolated and characterized as type I and II, and phosphocreatine-to-creatine (PCr/Cr) ratios and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain intensities were measured. Cross sections were cut from the second biopsy, individual fibers were characterized as type I and II, and PAS stain intensities were measured. A decline in PCr/Cr ratio and in PAS stain intensity was used as indication of fiber recruitment. Within 1 min of exercise both type I and, although to a lesser extent, type II fibers were recruited. Furthermore, the PCr/Cr ratio revealed that the same proportion of fibers was recruited during the whole 45 min of exercise, indicating a rather constant recruitment. The PAS staining, however, proved inadequate to fully demonstrate fiber recruitment even after 45 min of exercise. We conclude that during cycling exercise a greater proportion of type II fibers is recruited than previously reported for isometric contractions, probably because of the dynamic character of the exercise. Furthermore, the PCr/Cr ratio method is more sensitive in determining fiber activation than the PAS stain intensity method.

scholarly journals Reduced Appendicular Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Size of Type II Muscle Fibers in Patients with Spondyloarthritis versus Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Røren Nordén ◽  
Hanne Dagfinrud ◽  
Amund Løvstad ◽  
Truls Raastad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, muscle function, and muscle morphology in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods. Ten male SpA patients (mean ± SD age39±4.1years) were compared with ten healthy controls matched for sex, age, body mass index, and self-reported level of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Musculus quadriceps femoris (QF) strength was assessed by maximal isometric contractions prior to test of muscular endurance. Magnetic resonance imaging of QF was used to measure muscle size and calculate specific muscle strength. Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were taken fromm. vastus lateralis.Results. SpA patients presented with significantly lower appendicular lean body mass (LBM) (p=0.02), but there was no difference in bone mineral density, fat mass, or total LBM. Absolute QF strength was significantly lower in SpA patients (p=0.03) with a parallel trend for specific strength (p=0.08). Biopsy samples from the SpA patients revealed significantly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of type II muscle fibers (p=0.04), but no difference in CSA type I fibers.Conclusions. Results indicate that the presence of SpA disease is associated with reduced appendicular LBM, muscle strength, and type II fiber CSA.

Functional results and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with Fraser type I floating knee treated with internal fixation

Injury ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S2-S5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Brandao Andrade-Silva ◽  
Adriana Carvalho ◽  
Caio Mansano ◽  
Aline Giese ◽  
Marcos de Camargo Leonhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Type I ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength
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