Compensatory muscle fiber hypertrophy in elderly men

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aniansson ◽  
G. Grimby ◽  
M. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Elderly Men

Muscle strength and muscle morphology have been studied three times during a period of 11 yr in nine elderly men. On the last occasion the average age was 80.4 (range 79–82) yr. Body cell mass decreased by 6% and muscle strength for knee extension, measured by means of isometric and concentric isokinetic (30–60 degrees/s) recordings, declined by 25–35% over the 11-yr period. Between 76 and 80 yr of age only the isokinetic strength for 30 degrees/s decreased significantly. Muscle fiber composition in the vastus lateralis did not change between 69 and 76 yr of age, but there was a significant reduction in the proportion of type IIb fibers from 76 to 80 yr. The decrease in type II fiber areas was not significant between 69 and 76 yr of age (as in a larger sample from the same population), but a significant increase in both type I and type II fiber areas was recorded from 76 to 80 yr of age and biceps brachii showed similar tendencies. In the same period, the enzymatic activities of myokinase and lactate dehydrogenase subsided in the vastus lateralis, but there was no change for triose phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy-CoA-dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The muscle fiber hypertrophy in this group of elderly men with maintained physical activity between 76 and 80 yr of age is interpreted as a compensatory adaptation for the loss of motor units. In addition, the adaptation with respect to oxidative capacities seems to be maintained at this age.

The influence of prednisone on the muscle morphology and muscle enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Danneskiold-Samsøe ◽  
G. Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Muscle Enzymes ◽  
Muscle Morphology

1. Thirty-five female patients, mean age 63 years, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis participated the study. Twenty patients had been on long-term low-dose corticosteroid treatment. Fifteen patients had never received corticosteroids. A control group of 15 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects was also studied. 2. Examination of muscle biopsies from the (right) vastus lateralis and measurements of isokinetic and isometric knee-extension muscle strength were performed in all subjects. 3. Rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with corticosteroid showed a low percentage of type I fibres, mean 35.7 (range 17–66) % compared with patients who did not receive corticosteroid (P < 0.005). The latter group did not differ from the controls. 4. The muscle fibre areas also were affected in the corticosteroid treated rheumatoid patients. Type I and type II mean fibre areas were reduced by 32% and 50%, respectively, when compared with non-prednisone treated patients. The latter group did not differ from the controls in this respect. 5. A correlation was found between the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensors and the mean areas of type I and type II in patients treated with prednisone (r = 0.48, P < 0.05 and r = 0.58, P < 0.02 respectively). No such correlation was found when using isometric measurements of the knee extensors. A positive correlation was found in both groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients between the areas of the type I and type II fibres (r = 0.66–0.68, P < 0.05–0.02). 6. It is concluded that the observed abnormal muscle morphology and low knee-extension capacity found in the corticosteroid treated patients is due to the treatment rather than to other factors, as there were no other differences between the two groups of patients.

Muscle morphology and enzymes in proximal and distal muscle groups of lower limb from patients with corticosteroid treated rheumatoid arthritis: the relationship to maximal isokinetic muscle strength

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Danneskiold-Samsøe ◽  
G. Grimby
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength

1. Abnormal morphological and enzymatic patterns in the lateral vastus muscle have been found in women with corticosteroid treated rheumatoid arthritis. By means of biopsies from the lateral heads of right gastrocnemius muscles, the histology and enzyme activities were compared with those found in right vastus lateralis biopsies. The findings were correlated with isometric and isokinetic strength of the plantar flexors. 2. The relative occurrence of type I fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was 46.4 ± 18.7 (sd) %, which is significantly higher than found in the vastus lateralis [35.7 ± 13.3 (sd) %] (P < 0.03). 3. The relatively lower percentage of type II fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was due to a relatively low percentage of type II A fibres [mean 27.9 ± 16.4 (sd) %] (P < 0.05). 4. The area of type I fibres in the gastrocnemius muscle was 26.1 × 102 ± 10.0 (sd) μm2, which is 74% of the mean area for type I fibres found in the vastus lateralis (P < 0.01). 5. The area of type II fibres in the gastrocnemius was 14.9 × 102 ± 7.1 (sd) μm2, which is 77% of the mean area for type II fibres found in the vastus lateralis. 6. The isokinetic muscle strength of the plantar flexors in corticosteroid treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis was reduced to less than 50% at all angular velocities when compared with healthy women. The same difference was found in the knee extensors. 7. Both type I and type II fibre areas correlated positively with the activity of β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (r = 0.72, P < 0.02; r = 0.77, P < 0.01). The activity of the oxidative enzyme citric acid synthase (but not β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) correlated positively with the isokinetic muscle strength of the plantar flexors at all the angular velocities (r = 0.75, P < 0.01; r = 0.57, P < 0.05). 8. The isokinetic strength as well as the type I and II fibre areas in the vastus lateralis biopsies correlated well with the same parameters in the gastrocnemius muscle (r approx. 0.70, P < 0.001). The vastus lateralis and the gastrocnemius muscles had similar morphology in the same subjects. In the control subjects and in the patients a close correlation was found between the isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and the plantar flexors. 9. It is concluded that the corticosteroid effect on muscles seems to occur in both the proximal and distal skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Microbiopsy Sampling for Examining Age-Related Differences in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Morphology and Composition

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett M. Hester ◽  
Trisha A. VanDusseldorp ◽  
Phuong L. Ha ◽  
Kaveh Kiani ◽  
Alex A. Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Whole Muscle

Introduction: The increasingly popular microbiopsy is an appealing alternative to the more invasive Bergström biopsy given the challenges associated with harvesting skeletal muscle in older populations. Parameters of muscle fiber morphology and composition derived from the microbiopsy have not been compared between young and older adults.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine muscle fiber morphology and composition in young (YM) and older (OM) males using the microbiopsy sampling technique. A secondary aim was to determine if specific strength is associated with serum levels of C-terminal agrin fragment [CAF; an indicator of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation].Methods: Thirty healthy, YM (n = 15, age = 20.7 ± 2.2 years) and OM (n = 15, age = 71.6 ± 3.9 years) underwent ultrasound imaging to determine whole-muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris as well as isometric and isokinetic (60°⋅s–1 and 180°⋅s–1) peak torque testing of the knee extensors. Microbiopsy samples of the vastus lateralis were collected from 13 YM and 11 OM, and immunofluorescence was used to calculate CSA and proportion of type I and type II fibers.Results: Peak torque was lower in OM at all velocities (p ≤ 0.001; d = 1.39–1.86) but only lower at 180°⋅s–1 (p = 0.003; d = 1.23) when normalized to whole-muscle CSA. Whole-muscle CSA was smaller in OM (p = 0.001; d = 1.34), but atrophy was not present at the single fiber level (p &gt; 0.05). Per individual, ∼900 fibers were analyzed, and type I fiber CSA was larger (p = 0.05; d = 0.94) in OM which resulted in a smaller type II/I fiber CSA ratio (p = 0.015; d = 0.95). CAF levels were not sensitive to age (p = 0.159; d = 0.53) nor associated with specific strength or whole-muscle CSA in OM.Conclusion: The microbiopsy appears to be a viable alternative to the Bergström biopsy for histological analyses of skeletal muscle in older adults. NMJ integrity was not influential for age-related differences in specific strength in our healthy, non-sarcopenic older sample.

Training can improve muscle strength and endurance in 78- to 84-yr-old men

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517-2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grimby ◽  
A. Aniansson ◽  
M. Hedberg ◽  
G. B. Henning ◽  
U. Grangard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Nine men, 78–84 yr of age, participated in a dynamometer training program 2–3 times/wk, totaling 25 sessions, using voluntary maximal isometric, concentric, and eccentric right knee–extension actions (30 and 180 degrees/s). Measurements of muscle strength with a Kin-Com dynamometer and simultaneous electromyograms (EMG) were performed of both sides before and after the training period. Muscle biopsies were taken from the right vastus lateralis muscle. The total quadriceps cross-sectional area was measured with computerized tomography. Training led to an increase in maximal torque for concentric (10% at 30 degrees/s) and eccentric (13–19%) actions in the trained leg. The EMG activity increased at maximal eccentric activities. The total cross-sectional quadriceps area of the trained leg increased by 3%, but no changes were recorded in muscle fiber areas in these subjects, who already had large mean fiber areas (5.15 microns 2 x 10(3)). The fatigue index measured from 50 consecutive concentric contractions at 180 degrees/s decreased and the citrate synthase activity increased in all but one subject. The results demonstrate that increased neural activation accompanies an increase in muscle strength at least during eccentric action in already rather active elderly men and that muscle endurance may also be improved with training.

Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E154-E164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Sinha-Hikim ◽  
Jorge Artaza ◽  
Linda Woodhouse ◽  
Nestor Gonzalez-Cadavid ◽  
Atam B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Administration

Administration of replacement doses of testosterone to healthy hypogonadal men and supraphysiological doses to eugonadal men increases muscle size. To determine whether testosterone-induced increase in muscle size is due to muscle fiber hypertrophy, 61 healthy men, 18–35 yr of age, received monthly injections of a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to suppress endogenous testosterone secretion and weekly injections of 25, 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg testosterone enanthate (TE) for 20 wk. Thigh muscle volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle in 39 men before and after 20 wk of combined treatment with GnRH agonist and testosterone. Administration of GnRH agonist plus TE resulted in mean nadir testosterone concentrations of 234, 289, 695, 1,344, and 2,435 ng/dl at the 25-, 50-, 125-, 300-, and 600-mg doses, respectively. Graded doses of testosterone administration were associated with testosterone dose and concentration-dependent increase in muscle volume measured by MRI (changes in vastus lateralis volume, −4, +7, +15, +32, and +48 ml at 25-, 50-, 125-, 300-, and 600-mg doses, respectively). Changes in cross-sectional areas of both type I and II fibers were dependent on testosterone dose and significantly correlated with total ( r = 0.35, and 0.44, P < 0.0001 for type I and II fibers, respectively) and free ( r = 0.34 and 0.35, P < 0.005) testosterone concentrations during treatment. The men receiving 300 and 600 mg of TE weekly experienced significant increases from baseline in areas of type I (baseline vs. 20 wk, 3,176 ± 186 vs. 4,201 ± 252 μm2, P < 0.05 at 300-mg dose, and 3,347 ± 253 vs. 4,984 ± 374 μm2, P = 0.006 at 600-mg dose) muscle fibers; the men in the 600-mg group also had significant increments in cross-sectional area of type II (4,060 ± 401 vs. 5,526 ± 544 μm2, P = 0.03) fibers. The relative proportions of type I and type II fibers did not change significantly after treatment in any group. The myonuclear number per fiber increased significantly in men receiving the 300- and 600-mg doses of TE and was significantly correlated with testosterone concentration and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. In conclusion, the increases in muscle volume in healthy eugonadal men treated with graded doses of testosterone are associated with concentration-dependent increases in cross-sectional areas of both type I and type II muscle fibers and myonuclear number. We conclude that the testosterone induced increase in muscle volume is due to muscle fiber hypertrophy.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA LANSIA DI BPLU SENJA CERAH PANIKI BAWAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisilia M. Pinontoan ◽  
Sylvia R. Marunduh ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the profile of muscle strength on elderly at BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. There were 26 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, consisted of 10 elderly men and 16 elderly women. Respondents were selected by using purposive sampling method. The measurements of the muscle strength were done by using 1 RM method while doing elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, knee flexion, knee extension and dorsoflexion. Data were analyzed manually and computerized then presented in tabular form. The result shows that the average muscle strength in elderly men were greater than women and the average muscle strength of respondents that were included in the age group 60-79 years old were greater than those in 80-99 years.Keywords: muscle strength, elderly.1 RMAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kekuatan otot pada Lansia di BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. Penelitian ini merupakan peneliltian deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 26 orang yang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan 16 orang perempuan. Sampel dipilih menggunakan cara purposive sampling. Kekuatan otot pada lansia diukur dengan menggunakan metode 1 RM yang diukur pada gerakan fleksi siku, ekstensi siku, fleksi bahu, ekstensi bahu, abduksi bahu, fleksi lutut, ekstensi lutut serta dorsofleksi. Data yang sudah didapatkan kemudian dikumpul dan diolah secara manual dan komputerisasi serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kekuatan otot responden laki-laki lebih besar dibanding perempuan dan rerata kekuatan responden yang termasuk dalam kelompok umur 60-79 tahun lebih besar dibanding kelompok umur 80-99 tahun.Kata kunci: kekuatan otot, lansia, 1 RM.

Association of the Type I Collagen alpha1 Sp1 Polymorphism, Bone Density and Upper Limb Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van Pottelbergh ◽  
S. Goemaere ◽  
L. Nuytinck ◽  
A. De Paepe ◽  
J. M. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Elderly Men

Carnitine metabolism in human muscle fiber types during submaximal dynamic exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Constantin-Teodosiu ◽  
S. Howell ◽  
P. L. Greenhaff
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Free Carnitine ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Carnitine Metabolism ◽  
Type I Fibers

The effect of prolonged exhaustive exercise on free carnitine and acetylcarnitine concentrations in mixed-fiber skeletal muscle and in type I and II muscle fibers was investigated in humans. Needle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of six subjects immediately after exhaustive one-legged cycling at approximately 75% of maximal O2 uptake from both the exercised and nonexercised (control) legs. In the resting (control) leg, there was no difference in the free carnitine concentration between type I and II fibers (20.36 +/- 1.25 and 20.51 +/- 1.16 mmol/kg dry muscle, respectively) despite the greater potential for fat oxidation in type I fibers. However, the acetylcarnitine concentration was slightly greater in type I fibers (P < 0.01). During exercise, acetylcarnitine accumulation occurred in both muscle fiber types, but accumulation was greatest in type I fibers (P < 0.005). Correspondingly, the concentration of free carnitine was significantly lower in type I fibers at the end of exercise (P < 0.001). The sum of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine concentrations in type I and II fibers at rest was similar and was unchanged by exercise. In conclusion, the findings of the present study support the suggestion that carnitine buffers excess acetyl group formation during exercise and that this occurs in both type I and II fibers. However, the greater accumulation of acetylcarnitine in type I fibers during prolonged exercise probably reflects the greater mitochondrial content of this fiber type.

The deleterious effects of bed rest on human skeletal muscle fibers are exacerbated by hypercortisolemia and ameliorated by dietary supplementation

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. C313-C320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Fitts ◽  
J. G. Romatowski ◽  
J. R. Peters ◽  
D. Paddon-Jones ◽  
R. R. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

Prolonged inactivity associated with bed rest in a clinical setting or spaceflight is frequently associated with hypercortisolemia and inadequate caloric intake. Here, we determined the effect of 28 days of bed rest (BR); bed rest plus hypercortisolemia (BRHC); and bed rest plus essential amino acid (AA) and carbohydrate (CHO) supplement (BRAA) on the size and function of single slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Supplementing meals, the BRAA group consumed 16.5 g essential amino acids and 30 g sucrose at 1100, 1600, and 2100 h, and the BRHC subjects received 5 daily doses of 10–15 mg of oral hydrocortisone sodium succinate throughout bed rest. Bed rest induced atrophy and loss of force (mN) and power (μN·FL·s−1) in single fibers was exacerbated by hypercortisolemia where soleus peak force declined by 23% in the type I fiber from a prevalue of 0.78 ± 0.02 to 0.60 ± 0.02 mN post bed rest (compared to a 7% decline with bed rest alone) and 27% in the type II fiber (1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 0.81 ± 0.05 mN). In the BRHC group, peak power dropped by 19, 15, and 11% in the soleus type I, and vastus lateralis (VL) type I and II fibers, respectively. The AA/CHO supplement protected against the bed rest-induced loss of peak force in the type I soleus and peak power in the VL type II fibers. These results provide evidence that an AA/CHO supplement might serve as a successful countermeasure to help preserve muscle function during periods of relative inactivity.

Recruitment of single muscle fibers during submaximal cycling exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1752-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Altenburg ◽  
H. Degens ◽  
W. van Mechelen ◽  
A. J. Sargeant ◽  
A. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Type Ii Fibers

In literature, an inconsistency exists in the submaximal exercise intensity at which type II fibers are activated. In the present study, the recruitment of type I and II fibers was investigated from the very beginning and throughout a 45-min cycle exercise at 75% of the maximal oxygen uptake, which corresponded to 38% of the maximal dynamic muscle force. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were taken from six subjects at rest and during the exercise, two at each time point. From the first biopsy single fibers were isolated and characterized as type I and II, and phosphocreatine-to-creatine (PCr/Cr) ratios and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain intensities were measured. Cross sections were cut from the second biopsy, individual fibers were characterized as type I and II, and PAS stain intensities were measured. A decline in PCr/Cr ratio and in PAS stain intensity was used as indication of fiber recruitment. Within 1 min of exercise both type I and, although to a lesser extent, type II fibers were recruited. Furthermore, the PCr/Cr ratio revealed that the same proportion of fibers was recruited during the whole 45 min of exercise, indicating a rather constant recruitment. The PAS staining, however, proved inadequate to fully demonstrate fiber recruitment even after 45 min of exercise. We conclude that during cycling exercise a greater proportion of type II fibers is recruited than previously reported for isometric contractions, probably because of the dynamic character of the exercise. Furthermore, the PCr/Cr ratio method is more sensitive in determining fiber activation than the PAS stain intensity method.

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