A Treatment Program for Disordered Phonology

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Dunn ◽  
Cathy Barron
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Post Therapy ◽  
Phonological Abilities

A therapy program for disordered phonology was developed by identifying unique characteristics of a child's phonological patterns and by using recent literature in normal phonological development. The goal was consistent, automatic production of word-final [z] in conversational speech. The program was designed for a 4 year 11-month-old boy who had been enrolled in articulation therapy for two years. He had several consistent errors in single words but a significantly greater number of less consistent errors in conversational speech, which made him unintelligible. The therapy program controlled the phonetic contexts for [z] production, as utterances increased in length and became less structured. The child was successful in completing the program but only moderate improvement was made between pre- and post-therapy speech sampling. Analysis of the samples revealed that the errors were not related to phonetic context. However, the child omitted [z] in certain lexical items. The results suggest that the child's errors involved more than the ability to produce [z] in a variety of phonetic contexts. Other components of the linguistic system (syntax and semantics) appear to have interacted with the phonological component, resulting in difficulty in producing [z] in certain lexical items. The interface between the various linguistic components is discussed in terms of assessing phonological abilities and planning remediation programs.

Reliability of Clinician Judgments of Severity of Phonological Impairment

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Rafaat ◽  
Susan Rvachew ◽  
Rebecca S. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Citation Form ◽  
Phonological Abilities ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Pairs of speech-language pathologists independently rated severity of phonological impairment for 45 preschoolers, aged 30 to 65 months. Children were rated along a continuum from normal to profound. In addition to judging overall severity of impairment, the clinicians provided separate ratings based on citation form and conversational samples. A judgment of intelligibility of conversational speech was also required. Results indicated that interclinician reliability was adequate (80% agreement) for older preschool-aged children (4-1/2 years and above) but that judgments by speechlanguage pathologists were not sufficiently reliable for children under 3-1/2 years of age 40% agreement). Children judged to have age appropriate phonological abilities were not clearly distinguishable from children judged to have a mild delay. Educating speech-language pathologists regarding the normative phonological data that are available with respect to young preschoolers, and ensuring that such data are readily accessible for assessment purposes, is required.

Phonological development in lexically precocious 2-year-olds

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE L. SMITH ◽  
KARLA K. MCGREGOR ◽  
DARCIE DEMILLE
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Age ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Language ◽  
Phonological Abilities

To examine interactions between young children's vocabulary size and their phonological abilities, spontaneous language samples were collected from 24-month-olds with precocious lexicons, their age mates (24-month-olds with average-sized lexicons), and their vocabulary mates (30-month-olds with average-sized lexicons). Phonological ability was measured in a variety of ways, such as the number of different consonants that were targeted, the number of different consonants produced correctly, the percentage of consonants produced correctly, and the occurrence of phonological processes. The lexically precocious 24-month-olds were similar to their vocabulary mates on most measures of phonological ability, and both of these groups were generally superior to the 24-month-olds with smaller lexicons. These findings supported a hypothesized relationship between lexicon size and phonological performance, and demonstrated that 2-year-olds' phonological development is more closely related to size of the lexicon than chronological age.

Early Childhood Stuttering II

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Pagel Paden ◽  
Ehud Yairi ◽  
Nicoline Grinager Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Phonological Abilities ◽  
Children's Strategies

Research on the relation between stuttering and phonological/articulation deficits has been reported in the literature over several decades. Yet virtually none of these investigations has taken into account that “children who stutter” includes a large number who spontaneously recover within a few months or years after onset. Thus, little attention has been given to differences between the phonological abilities of children whose stuttering persists and those who recover. This investigation compares these two groups soon after stuttering onset, before it was possible to classify them as members of either group, on a number of phonological characteristics, including mean percentage of error, relative levels of severity of phonological impairment, error on specific phonological patterns, progress in development of key patterns, and the children's strategies for coping with unmastered patterns. The results indicate that the children whose stuttering would be persistent had poorer mean scores on each of our measures than did the children who would recover from stuttering. Both groups, however, showed progression in phonological development that followed the expected order, and they used typical strategies when patterns had not yet been acquired. The persistent group was moving more slowly, however, so phonological development was more delayed than in the children who would recover from stuttering. Our findings support the assumption that most previous studies probably have compared children with persistent stuttering to normally fluent children, and that those who recovered early were not considered differentially.

Pre-Therapy Adaptation of Stuttering and Its Relation to Speech Measures of Therapy Progress

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Prins
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Normal Deviate ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Negative Direction ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Post Therapy

Three measures of stuttering adaptation were obtained on 20 stutterers prior to the beginning of an eight-week residential therapy program. Following therapy each subject was evaluated using six scores which represented changes in speaking rate and frequency of stuttering during oral reading and in self-formulated speech. The results showed that less than half of the stutterers demonstrated a significant adaptation trend (A t ), and only 12 of 20 showed significant normal deviate scores (A s ) of adaptation. Partial correlation coefficients were significant in a negative direction between pretherapy percentage (A p ) and trend (A t ) adaptation measures and post-therapy scores showing increment in reading and speaking rate. It appears that adaptation is neither consistendy nor highly related to speech measures of therapy progress. A rationale is suggested for the negative correlation of adaptation and therapy change scores.

Effects of recreational therapy for youth in a secured substance abuse treatment program: An exploratory study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Stockhecke, MS ◽  
Heewon Yang, PhD, CTRS ◽  
Marjorie J. Malkin, EdD, CTRS
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Recreation Therapy ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment Program ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abuse Treatment

The purpose of the study was to examine if a recreational therapy program decreased substance craving scores among youth at a juvenile detention center. Existing data from three male and three female youths’ craving scores, recorded before and after four recreation therapy interventions per week, were used to obtain the results of the two research questions over an 8-week period. This secured substance abuse treatment program utilized the Craving Identification Management (CIM) model. The craving scores identified by the youth prior to and following all of the recreational therapy activities were analyzed through descriptive statistics to determine the effectiveness of recreation therapy (RT). Results of the research project indicated that recreational therapy may be an effective intervention for lowering the craving scores of youth in a secured substance abuse treatment program.

Concluding Treatment and Preventing Relapse

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Kari M. Eddington ◽  
Timothy J. Strauman ◽  
Angela Z. Vieth ◽  
Gregory G. Kolden
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
System Therapy ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Self System

Chapter 10 focuses on end-of-treatment issues, such as maintaining gains, continuing to monitor depressive symptoms, addressing fears about relapse, and identifying long-term goals for continued growth and self-improvement. As clients approach the end of the self-system therapy program, it is important to recognize the progress they have made and to make plans to keep their progress going. Self-regulation is a lifelong process. Worksheets are provided to help set realistic goals for continued work after therapy and to develop a plan for maintaining progress, including work on daily goals and challenging situations. Clients often experience anxiety and uncertainty about finishing therapy. One goal of this skills-based treatment program is to provide the tools for continuing to make progress independently.

Individual differences in early child phonology

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard ◽  
Marilyn Newhoff ◽  
Linda Mesalam
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Lexical Items

ABSTRACTThree studies are reported that deal with individual differences among children in the use of consonants during the early period of phonological development. The findings indicated that (1) children differ in their early phonologies, yet these differences do not extend beyond certain limits, (2) the linguistic environment cannot account for a number of these phonological differences, and (3) such differences are due in part to the fact that children's use of sounds varies considerably with the lexical items being produced. Modifications in theories of child phonology are suggested in order to account for these findings.

scholarly journals Semantic transfers in the domain of FOODSTUFFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zofia Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
American English ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
Metaphorical Extension

In recent literature scholars have worked out a number of new categories of meaning development such as zoosemy, plantosemy and foodsemy. This paper focuses on the mechanism of foodsemy, a new category of metaphorical extension proposed by Kleparski (2008), and in particular on the cases of metaphorical extension that are targeted at human beings and their various qualities. Most frequently, the process discussed here involves the projection of attributive features and values, sometimes positive, yet most frequently negative ones, associated with members of the macrocategory foodstuffs onto the macrocategory human being. The purpose here is to outline a limited number of metaphorical transfers involved in the conceptual macrocategory foodstuffs targeted at such subcategories of the microcatergory female human being as attractive female human being, immoral female human being and female breasts. For some language users it may sound somewhat unnatural, and hence unacceptable, to name a female person mutton with the intended metaphorical sense ‘a prostitute’, tomato applied in the transferred sense ‘attractive, but not a very wise female’ or peach, which denotes an ‘attractive female, especially in American English’. However, cases of foodsemy are nothing else, but instances of metaphorical conceptualizations, which are considered to be pervasive, unconscious and automatic. They are also universal, though different lexical items in different languages may acquire different metaphorical senses.

scholarly journals Micro-change and Macro-change in Diachronic Syntax

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Insight Into

This volume contains sixteen chapters addressing the process of syntactic change at different granularities. The language-particular component of a grammar is now usually assumed to be nothing more than the specification of the grammatical properties of a set of lexical items. Accordingly, grammar change must reduce to lexical change. And yet these micro-changes can cumulatively alter the typological character of a language (a macro-change). A central puzzle in diachronic syntax is how to relate macro-changes to micro-changes. Several chapters in this volume describe specific micro-changes: changes in the syntactic properties of a particular lexical item or class of lexical items. Other chapters explore links between micro-change and macro-change, using devices such as grammar competition at the individual and population level, recurring diachronic pathways, and links between acquisition biases and diachronic processes. This book is therefore a great companion to the recent literature on micro- versus macro-approaches to parameters in synchronic syntax. One of its important contributions is the demonstration that we can learn a great deal about synchronic linguistics through the way languages change: the case studies included provide diachronic insight into many syntactic constructions that have been the target of extensive recent synchronic research, including tense, aspect, relative clauses, stylistic fronting, verb second, demonstratives, and negation. Languages discussed include several archaic and contemporary Romance and Germanic varieties, as well as Greek, Hungarian, and Chinese, among many others.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document