negative direction
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
B. Asadova

Stress factors limit the development of living organisms, especially plants, and reduce their productivity. In this regard, the study of the effects of stress factors on plants and the discovery of adaptation mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of stress in the cell. From a biological point of view, stress is considered to be any change in the external environment that impairs the normal development of the plant or changes it in a negative direction. Stresses cause changes in the physiological activity of plants, weaken the process of biosynthesis in the cell, disrupt normal life and ultimately can cause plant death.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110509
Author(s):  
Lene Søndergård Andersen ◽  
Vibeke Lorentzen ◽  
Kirsten Beedholm

Within cardiac research, an overwhelming number of studies have explored factors related to pre-hospital delay. However, there is a knowledge gap in studies that explore the bystander’s experiences or significance when an individual is affected by acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We conducted an interview study with 17 individuals affected by ACS and the bystander(s) involved and performed a qualitative thematic analysis. In the pre-hospital phase, the bystander moved from suspicion of illness to recognition of illness while trying to convince the individual affected by ACS (p-ACS) to respond to bodily sensations. This led to conflicts and dilemmas which affected the bystander both before and after the p-ACS was hospitalized. Bystanders may influence pre-hospital delay in both positive and negative direction depending on their own knowledge, convictions, and the nature of their interaction with the p-ACSs. The bystander’s influence during the pre-hospital delay is more extensive than previously recognized.


Author(s):  
Hossein Soleimankhani ◽  
Greg MacRae ◽  
Tim Sullivan

Single-storey systems with different hysteretic characteristic are subjected to impulse-type short duration and long duration earthquake records to investigate the effects of hysteretic behaviour and ground motion characteristics on the seismic response. EPP, bilinear, Takeda, SINA, and flag-shaped hysteretic models loops are considered and an energy approach is taken to explain the inelastic behaviour. The first part of the work is based on analyses of the single-storey systems without any torsion, however; torsional irregularity is considered in the later analyses. It is shown that structures with the same backbone curve, but different hysteretic characteristics, tend to experience the same maximum response under short duration earthquake records, where there is one major displacement excursion. The likelihood of further displacement in the reverse (i.e. negative) direction is characterized using energy methods and free vibration analyses along with a new proposed “oscillation resistance ratio (ORR)” are employed to improve the understanding of the seismic response. Hysteretic models with low ORR, such as SINA and flag-shaped, are shown to have a greater likelihood of higher absolute displacement response in the negative direction compared with those with fatter hysteretic loops. The understanding of the response in terms of energy reconciles some differences in the ability of initial stiffness versus secant stiffness based methods to predict peak displacement demands with account for different ground motion characteristics. The same peak displacements in the primary direction was also observed for structures with stiffness/strength eccentricities under an impulse-type earthquake record. However, during unloading, the elastic energy stored in the out-of-plane elements is released causing greater displacement on the weak side in the reverse direction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-133
Author(s):  
Uroš Lazić

The “white ballots” campaign in the 2012 parliamentary election in Serbia‎was accompanied by a change in the portion of invalid ballots, but also in‎their correlation with socio-demographic variables. When the percentage of‎invalid votes in the three previous elections is analyzed using the generalized‎least squares (GLS) multiple regression analysis, the percentage of inhabitants‎with incomplete primary education represents the best predictor. The percentage‎of individuals with primary education is also statistically relevant, just in‎the opposite (negative) direction, and less predictive. When GLS is applied to‎invalid votes in the 2012 election, incomplete primary education is positively,‎and primary education is negatively correlated with the criterion. The percentage‎of illiterates, the share of people over 65 years of age and the degree‎of urbanization are significantly, but negatively related to the criterion. The‎consequences of the 2012 election outcome were considered in the light of the‎regression to competitive authoritarianism.‎


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206-1211
Author(s):  
Fernando Laroza ◽  
Raflis Rustam ◽  
Vendry Rivaldy

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the form of wounds on the skin surface of the feet of DM patients accompanied by internal tissue damage or tissue death, either with or without infection, which is associated with the presence of neuropathy and or peripheral arterial disease in patients with DM. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that at least 422 million people suffer from DM A new alternative parameter for assessing the degree of peripheral ischemia is ankle peak systolic velocity (PSV). The rationale for PSV is based on the observation that in the ischemic limb, blood travels at a much slower rate in the distal leg arteries than in the nonischemic limb. PSV is a quick and easy test to assess the patient's vascular status and monitor the development of diabetic foot ulcers, and can assess the degree of ischemia and predict healing of diabetic foot ulcers. This study aims to determine the Correlation of Peak Systolic Velocity Value with Wagner Score in Diabetic Foot Ulcer patients in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Methods: This research is analytic observational with cross sectional design, the research uses primary data. This research will be conducted at the RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from July 2021 to October 2021. The population in this study were diabetic foot ulcer patients who came for treatment at Dr. M. Djamil Padang. A sample of 32 patients Diabetic foot ulcer met the inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe each of the variables studied. Numerical data is normally distributed, then it is presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation (SD), whereas if the numerical data is not normally distributed then it is presented in the form of median, minimum and maximum. Categorical data is presented in the form of frequency and percentage of each category. Bivariate analysis was started by using the data normality test using the Shapiro Wilk test (n<50). In testing the correlation between Peak Systolic Velocity and Wagner Score in diabetic foot ulcer patients, the Pearson correlation test is used if the data is normally distributed. Data analysis using SPSS version 22.0. Results: more than half of the subjects (65.6%) are male. The mean age of the subjects was 60.46±10.06 years. More than half of the subjects (62.5%) had a normal body mass index. The average length of suffering from diabetes mellitus was 5.48 ± 2.26 years. Half had a history of smoking (59.4%), a small proportion of subjects had hypertension (21.9%), hypercholesterolemia (6.3%) and neuropathy (12.5%). More than half of the subjects (53.1%) had immunopathies. There is a correlation between the popliteal PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a moderate correlation strength (r=-0.463) and a negative direction. There is a correlation between the PSV dorsali pedis value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a strong correlation strength (r=-0.720) and in a negative direction. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the posterior tibial PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic ulcer patients (p<0.05), with a moderate correlation strength (r=-0.530) and a negative direction. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the popliteal, tibialis posterior, dorsalis pedis PSV value and the Wagner score in diabetic foot ulcer patient


Author(s):  
Hasian Purba

Taxes are the largest source of state revenue which functions as a source of funds intended for financing government expenditures and as a tool to regulate and implement policies in the social and economic fields and are used for the greatest welfare of the people. Therefore, corporate and individual taxpayers are expected to comply with their tax obligations voluntarily and comply with tax regulations. Taxpayer non-compliance can cause disruption to State finances. One of the ways of non-compliance is done by means of tax avoidance. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) To find empirical evidence regarding the effect of independent boards of commissioners on tax avoidance; 2) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of the audit committee on tax avoidance; 3) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of audit quality on tax avoidance; 4) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of disclosure of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance; 5) Finding empirical evidence regarding the extent to which firm size can moderate the relationship between independent boards of commissioners and tax avoidance; 6) Finding empirical evidence regarding the extent to which firm size can moderate the relationship between the audit committee and tax avoidance; 7) Finding empirical evidence regarding the extent to which firm size can moderate the relationship between audit quality and tax avoidance; and 8) Finding empirical evidence regarding the extent to which firm size can moderate the relationship between disclosure of corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance. This type of research used in this research is casual associative research (causal associative research). The population in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. The sample selection was done by using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that: 1) The independent board variable has no effect on tax avoidance in a positive direction; 2) The audit committee variable has no effect on tax avoidance in a negative direction; 3) The audit quality variable has no effect on tax avoidance in a negative direction; 4) The variable of corporate social responsibility disclosure has a negative effect on tax avoidance; 5) The size of the company is able to moderate the relationship between the independent board of commissioners and tax avoidance in a negative direction; 6) The size of the company is unable to moderate the relationship between the audit committee and tax avoidance in a negative direction; 7) The size of the company is not able to moderate the relationship between audit quality and tax avoidance in a positive direction; and 8) Company size is able to moderate the relationship between disclosure of corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance in a negative direction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda Mokodongan ◽  
Heru Kurnianto Tjahjono ◽  
Nuryakin Nuryakin

Nurse caring behavior is the core of nursing where nurses must be respectful and responsive to patient preferences, values and needs. Caring behavior is influenced by several factors, including workload, lack of time, and burnout. A nurse with a high tendency to burnout will experience loss of motivation, burnout and affect work professionalism, especially on the caring behavior of nurses to patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of work engagement on nurses' caring behavior with burnout as an intervening variable. This research used quantitative with cross sectional approach. The number of samples in this study amounted to 74 nurses. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The analysis used is path analysis. The result of statistical test of work engagement variable with burnout on nurses has a significant effect in a negative direction. In addition, work engagement with nurses' caring behavior has a significant effect in a positive direction. Meanwhile, burnout with nurse caring behavior has a significant effect in a negative direction. The sobel test results show the effect of work engagement on nurses' caring behavior with burnout as an intervening variable.


Author(s):  
Gro Grimnes ◽  
Soerajja Bhoelan ◽  
Kristian Hindberg ◽  
Mark Davids ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp ◽  
...  

Abstract Rationale Inflammation is present in several conditions associated with risk of venous thromboembolism. The gut microbiome might be a source of systemic inflammation and activation of coagulation, by translocation of lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria to the systemic circulation. Objective To investigate whether a vancomycin-induced shift of the gut microbiome in a gram-negative direction influences systemic inflammation and plasma factor (F) VIII procoagulant activity (FVIII:C). Methods and Results We performed a randomized controlled trial including 43 healthy volunteers aged 19 to 37 years. Twenty-one were randomized to 7 days of oral vancomycin intake and 22 served as controls. Feces and blood were sampled at baseline, the day after the end of intervention, and 3 weeks after intervention. Gut microbiome composition was assessed by amplicon sequencing. FVIII:C was measured using an activated partial thromboplastin time-based assay, cytokines were measured using multiplex technology, complement activation was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Vancomycin intake reduced gut microbiome diversity and increased the abundance of gram-negative bacteria. Change in FVIII:C in the intervention group was +4 IU/dL versus −6 IU/dL (p = 0.01) in the control group. A similar change was observed for log-transformed CRP (+0.21 mg/dL vs. −0.25 mg/dL, p = 0.04). The cytokines and complement activation markers remained similar in the two groups. Conclusion The found slight increases in FVIII:C and CRP levels might support the hypothesis that a vancomycin-induced gram-negative shift in the gut microbiome could induce increased systemic inflammation and thereby a procoagulant state.


BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Aditya Rahman

Around Riam Kanan river, one can find mining activities and local housing. It ispredicted that those activities might generate waste contaminated with Cr, a toxic heavymetal. In this research, gondang snails (Pila scutata) were used as bioindikator to studyCr pollution in Riam Kanan area. The samples of gondang were taken from 4 stationsalong Riam Kanan, which is 2 kms from reservoir Riam Kanan, Awang Bangkal West,Mandikapau East and Karang Intan Dam. Chromium contents in the gondang samples,sediment and water bodies were analyzed Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Theresult then is correlation regression SPSS version 17. Chromium content at samplegondang is some station of protactinium Cr has in concentration that is enough is height.Result of analysis shows content Cr in water territory ranges from 0,0182-0,0516 ppm,content Cr at sediment ranges from 0,1978-13,8739 ppm and at gondang (Pila scutata) inwater territory of Riam Kanan river the range of between 0,0106-1,2979 ppm. Therelation of correlation regression gondang and water has negative direction andcorrelation between gondang with sediment is positive direction.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Haibin Shen ◽  
Men Guo ◽  
Ziming He ◽  
Yupeng Li ◽  
...  

Lowered power loss and asymmetrically electrical parameters are reported in the DC aging of Co2O3-doped ZnO varistors in this paper. Based on the frequency domain dielectric responses of the pristine and degraded samples, the present study explores the roles of point defects in the aging process via dielectric relaxations and their parameters. It is found that breakdown field increased more in the positive direction than the negative direction. Nonlinearity increased in the positive direction, whereas it decreased in the negative direction, and leakage current density increased more in the negative direction than the positive direction. Given the lowest migration energy of Zinc interstitial (Zni, 0.57 eV) and high oxygen ion conductivity in Bi2O3-rich phase, it is speculated that Zni and adsorbed oxygen (Oad) migrate under DC bias, and then change the defect structure and the double Schottky barrier (DSB) at grain boundaries. As a result, the forward-biased barrier height gradually decreases more than the reverse-biased one.


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