Assessment of Complex Sentence Production in a Narrative Context

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Gummersall ◽  
Carol J. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairments ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Story Retelling ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Syntactic Skills ◽  
Meaningful Context

This study focused on eliciting and assessing complex sentence structure in a meaningful discourse context. The effect of clinician support (modeling of specific structures and practice with the structures) on the subsequent use of complex sentence structures in story retelling was studied. Experiment 1 was conducted with students demonstrating language abilities within normal limits. Because these initial results were promising, Experiment 2 was conducted with students demonstrating language impairments. The results of these experiments indicated, first, that amount of exposure to the stimulus is a critical variable affecting length and syntactic complexity in story retelling. Evidence further supported the use of modeling and practice of specific structures when assessing students’ syntactic skills. The assessment protocol used in these experiments was found to be useful for eliciting a large number and variety of complex syntactic structures in a meaningful context from children with and without language impairments.

SLI Subgroups: Interaction Between Discourse Constraints and Morphosyntactic Deficits

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Syntactic Skills ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Specific Language Impairments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Performance

A performance-based model was employed to investigate the impact of discourse demands on the pattern of morphosyntactic deficits exhibited by children with Specific Language Impairments (SLI). The pattern of grammatical errors varied with respect to discourse demands for children with good receptive language abilities but remained stable and independent of changes in discourse demands for children with both expressive and receptive deficits. These findings suggest distinct deficit profiles for subgroups of children with SLI differing in receptive language abilities that are not evident when syntactic skills are investigated outside the context of ongoing spontaneous discourse.

Narrative Skills in 4-Year-Olds With Normal, Impaired, and Late-Developing Language

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Paul ◽  
Rita L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Story Retelling ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Syntactic Skills ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Narrative Skill ◽  
Basic Sentence ◽  
Narrative Ability ◽  
Expressive Language Development

Two groups of children who were slow in expressive language development (SELD) at age 2 and a matched group of toddlers with normal language were re-evaluated at age 4. Assessment included measures of productive syntactic skills in spontaneous speech and narrative abilities in a standard story retelling task. Four-year-olds who continued to perform below the normal range in sentence structure production scored significantly lower than their normally speaking peers on all measures of narrative skill. Children who were slow to begin talking at age 2 but who, by age 4, had moved into the normal range in basic sentence structure production showed no statistically significant differences, in terms of several of the measures of narrative ability, from either normally speaking 4-year-olds or from the group with persistent delay. The implications of these findings for the management of early language delay and its relation to school learning disability are discussed.

Syntactic Abilities of Neurologically Normal and Suspect Preterm Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Holdgrafer
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Neurologically Normal

This study examined the syntactic abilities of neurologically normal and suspect preterm children at preschool age to characterize their language skills and to assess specific differences between groups. The Index of Productive Syntax was used to score language transcripts. The children exhibited reduced syntactic performance, particularly in the use of questions, negatives, and complex sentence structure. Children considered to be neurologically suspect had more difficulty with development of verb phrases than did neurologically normal children.

scholarly journals تحليل محتوى كتاب دروس اللغة العربية الجزء الأول للإمام الزركشى والإمام الشبانى من التراكيب وأثرها في فهم النصوص الإسلامية

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Hurriyatus Sa'adiyah ◽  
Indra Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Question And Answer

<em>Textbooks are one of the things that are very important in the learning process. Therefore, teachers and educators must prepare it very well so that the desired learning objectives can be achieved. The use of textbooks must adapt to the methods, objectives, and learning media. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of the book Durus al Lughah al Arabiyah Juz I by Imam Zarkasyi and Imam Syubani from one aspect of the language, namely tarkib (sentence structure). As is known, mastery of tarkib is very important in understanding Islamic teachings, because the source, the Quran, Hadith, and the books of Islamic scholars, use Arabic. Without good mastery, texts that speak Arabic can be wrong and difficult to understand. The method used in this study is the method of content analysis by analyzing this book Durus al Lughah al Arabiyah Juz I. The results of the research are that the author did not find special material on tarkib learning in this book. In accordance with the purpose of writing, namely the application of speech, the tarkib is directly learned in a sentence. This sentence is given from a simple form and gradually changes to a more complex sentence accompanied by exercises on each material. Among the forms of tarkib training are question and answer, word changes, sentence improvement, etc.</em>

scholarly journals Heritability of Specific Language Impairment and Nonspecific Language Impairment at Ages 4 and 6 Years Across Phenotypes of Speech, Language, and Nonverbal Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel L. Rice ◽  
Catherine L. Taylor ◽  
Stephen R. Zubrick ◽  
Lesa Hoffman ◽  
Kathleen K. Earnest
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Causal Pathway

Purpose Early language and speech acquisition can be delayed in twin children, a twinning effect that diminishes between 4 and 6 years of age in a population-based sample. The purposes of this study were to examine how twinning effects influence the identification of children with language impairments at 4 and 6 years of age, comparing children with specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment (NLI); the likelihood that affectedness will be shared within monozygotic versus dizygotic twin pairs; and estimated levels of heritability for SLI and NLI. Twinning effects are predicted to result in elevated rates of language impairments in twins. Method The population-based twin sample included 1,354 children from 677 twin pairs, 214 monozygotic and 463 dizygotic, enrolled in a longitudinal study. Nine phenotypes from the same comprehensive direct behavioral assessment protocol were investigated at 4 and 6 years of age. Twinning effects were estimated for each phenotype at each age using structural equation models estimated via diagonally weighted least squares. Heritabilities were calculated for SLI and NLI. Results As predicted, the twinning effect increased the percentage of affected children in both groups across multiple language phenotypes, an effect that diminished with age yet was still not aligned to singleton age peers. Substantial heritability estimates replicated across language phenotypes and increased with age, even with the most lenient definition of affectedness, at −1 SD . Patterns of outcomes differed between SLI and NLI groups. Conclusions Nonverbal IQ is not on the same causal pathway as language impairments. Twinning effects on language acquisition affect classification of 4- and 6-year-old children as SLI and NLI, and heritability is most consistent in the SLI group. Clinical practice requires monitoring language acquisition of twins to avoid misdiagnosis when young or a missed diagnosis of language impairments at school entry.

Perception of Formant Transition Cues to Place of Articulation in Children With Language Impairments

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Formant Transition ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Phonetic Categorization

Discrimination and phonetic identification abilities of 5- to 6-year-old children with language impairments were compared to those of 4-year-olds with normally developing language and to previous findings from 5- to 6-year-olds and adults for synthetic stimuli ranging from [ba] to da]. Results showed similar discrimination sensitivity to the second- and third-formant transition cues of stimuli by all children, with poorest sensitivity by the youngest. Phonetic categorization by children with language impairments was most different from the groups with normal language abilities, evidenced by a difference in the percent of tokens labeled as "BA" and by greater variability in labeling and in placement of phonetic category boundaries. Results support hypotheses by Gathercole and Baddeley (1990) suggesting that the phonological component of working memory may be disordered in children with language impairments. Results are also suggestive of specific difficulties with left-hemisphere processing associated with language learning rather than with problems related to sensitivity to formant transitions of the speech tokens.

scholarly journals Communication skills of biologically at-risk neonates

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alta Kritzinger ◽  
Brenda Louw ◽  
René Hugo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Early Communication ◽  
Communication Assessment ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Neonatal Assessment ◽  
African Context

Early communication intervention has advanced to include neonatal assessment and management. Currently, however, there are limited diagnostic tools developed from a speech-language pathology and audiology perspective. The purpose of the study was to design a comprehensive neonatal communication assessment protocol and use it to describe the communication skills of 50 biologically at-risk neonates (852g-3060g birthweight). The results indicated that the subjects' general development was within normal limits, but their communication abilities displayed a serious delay. A high risk register consisting of 13 factors predicting the subjects' communication abilities was compiled. The length of time before the subjects could successfully take bottle feeds was found to be the strongest predictor of their communication development. The study is of particular relevance to the present South African context which has an increased incidence of low birth weight, thus rendering an enlarged population of biologically at-risk neonates.

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