Structured External Memory Aid Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 474-484
Author(s):  
Alyssa Lanzi ◽  
Michelle S. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Functional Strategy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Overlapping Data ◽  
Functional Measure

Purpose The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effects of a structured external memory aid (EMA) treatment for individuals with possible mild neurocognitive disorder on their use of EMAs to compensate for memory impairments, (b) to examine the extent that improved functional EMA use maintains following intervention, and (c) to measure the effects of treatment on participants' self-reported memory skills. Method The researchers employed a multiple-baseline design across subjects within dyads. Data were collected using the Roleplay Assessment. The graphed data were analyzed visually at baseline, treatment, and maintenance sessions. In addition, the researchers examined the participants' self-report of memory skills through an experimental pre–post design. Results Following intervention, a functional strategy use treatment effect was observed. All 6 participants' graphs revealed a large positive change in level, with no overlapping data. Statistical analyses also supported the positive effects of treatment. The participants maintained the use of strategies for 1–3 months. The participants self-reported a statistically significant increase in strategy use following intervention. Conclusions With treatment, individuals with mild memory impairments can learn to use EMAs to facilitate enhanced performance on functional activities. This study provides evidence for the importance of documenting individual treatment effects and using a functional measure to examine compensatory strategy use in everyday tasks.

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Hans Van Haaften ◽  
Birgit Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Conductance Level

BackgroundEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints.MethodWe compared the efficacy of EMDR with that of exposure in viv. in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-two spider-phobic children who met the DSM – III – R criteria for specific phobia participated in the study. Children were treated with one session of exposure in viv. and one session of EMDR in a crossover design. Treatment outcome was evaluated by self-report measures, a behavioural avoidance test and a physiological index (skin conductance level).ResultsResults showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioural measure was less pronounced, and exposure in viv. was found to be superior in reducing avoidance behaviour. With regard to skin conductance level, EMDR and exposure in viv. did not differ.ConclusionsEMDR has no additional value in treatment of this type of animal phobia, for which exposure in viv. is the treatment of choice.

Augmenting Communicative Interaction Between Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Preschool Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Goldstein ◽  
Dianne Raeke Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Peer Intervention ◽  
Initial Intervention

A peer-mediated intervention designed to promote communicative interaction by 3 handicapped children with behavioral, social, and communicative deficits in an integrated preschool was evaluated. All 6 normally developing preschoolers in the class were taught facilitative strategies. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used in combination with withdrawal designs for 2 of the subjects. Significant increases in communicative interaction occurred when the peers were prompted to use the strategies with the 3 handicapped classmates. In particular, increases in the handicapped children's response rates were demonstrated during free play observations. In addition, fewer initiations by the handicapped children during the peer intervention was shown to be attributable to reductions in teacher prompting. Generalization to other settings was demonstrated by 1 subject. Although most strategy use by peers was prompted during the initial intervention phases, prompting dropped gradually while peer strategy use was maintained by the end of the study. Results of this study have implications for refining our ability to tailor interventions individually to improve treatment effectiveness based upon the characteristics of handicapped children.

The Use of Assistive Technology to Support the Wellbeing and Independence of People with Memory Impairments

2011 ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Huijnen
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
End Users ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
With Memory

This chapter presents the research, results and lessons learned from a project to evaluate currently available assisted living technologies for elderly people with mild to severe memory impairments who want to age in place. During the project a number of households were equipped with assistive technology to enable the end users to better cope with the barriers and problems associated with their forgetfulness. End users were involved in different phases, starting with a problem and needs analysis and ending with an evaluation of the technology installed in their homes. It seemed that technology did have a positive impact on their lives as well as on the lives of the informal caregivers who often live with those who suffer from amnesia. This project gives insight into how we are coming closer to optimizing the positive effects which assistive technology holds for the elderly with memory impairments. Key insights are presented.

scholarly journals The effect of lumbosacral manipulation on growing pains

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid De Beer ◽  
Charmaine M. Bester
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Growing Pains

Background: Growing pains are a frequent clinical presentation that continues to puzzle practitioners, with very little conclusive evidence in any medical field, including chiropractic.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether lumbosacral manipulations have an effect on growing pain symptoms.Methods: Thirty participants with growing pains between the ages of 4 and 12 years were recruited. The participants were placed into two groups of 15 participants each. Group 1 received lumbosacral manipulations to restricted joints as determined by motion palpation, while Group 2 never received any professional intervention. Often parent(s)/guardian(s) of children who suffer from growing pains will rub the child's legs and offer verbal reassurance in an attempt to console their children. Parent(s)/guardian(s) of both groups were encouraged to continue to do this throughout the duration of the trial. Instructions were given to the parents so that the same rubbing technique and rubbing cream (aqueous cream) were used. Subjective changes were tracked using a pain diary that the parent(s)/guardian(s) were asked to complete, a six-week post-study follow-up question regarding children's growing pains and the Oucher self-report pain scale. Objective measures consisted of pressure algometer readings of the tibialis anterior muscle belly.Results: The statistical data was analysed using the Friedman test, Manne—Whitney test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results demonstrated that both groups responded favourably to their specific treatment over time. However, the group that received lumbosacral manipulations proved to show a quicker response to treatment; and the post study follow-up of this same group showed markedly more positive feedback than the group that did not receive the treatment. These results highlighted the positive effects of chiropractic manipulation on growing pain symptoms.Conclusion: The results from this study, specifically the feedback from parent(s)/guardians(s) and the pain diaries, indicated that spinal manipulation is beneficial in the treatment of growing pains. The results also showed that other methods of treating growing pains, such as simple leg rubs, may also bring relief.

scholarly journals Going beyond buildings: mindfulness and real estate user behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Nicolas Julian Seyler ◽  
Jan Mutl
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

Purpose Building performance does not only depend on its efficiency but also on the behaviors of its occupants. Occupant behaviors can more than offset technological efficiency gains so, that corporate real estate (CRE) managers have to go beyond sustainable buildings. CRE managers need to understand occupants to effectively reduce the environmental impact of their building portfolio. This paper aims to investigate the effects of environmental attitudes and mindfulness on occupant behaviors at home and at the office. Thereby, the authors address numerous calls for research regarding the drivers of more environmental real estate user behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The authors use partial least squares structural equation modeling based on self-report data obtained for a representative German sample. Findings The results show that environmental attitudes and mindfulness have both positive effects on occupant behaviors. However, the effects tend to be weaker in the office context. Research limitations/implications This study relies on self-reports as an indicator of actual behaviors. Besides, the findings are limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data. Practical implications Environmental education and mindfulness training may be an effective way to promote more environmental occupant behaviors and help CRE managers to further reduce the environmental impact of their building portfolio. Originality/value The paper contributes to prior research about the antecedents of environmental behaviors and provides evidence for the positive impact of environmental attitudes and mindfulness on occupant behaviors. The author provide a new approach for CRE managers, which may improve occupant behaviors.

“Your profile is so rad”: Self-presentation strategies in Turkish adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Nevfel Boz ◽  
Shu-Sha Angie Guan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Strategy ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Types Of Information

Abstract Social networking sites like Facebook are popular and ever-expanding, especially among adolescents in Turkey. The study of 406 adolescents aged 14 to 18 (Mage = 15.61, SD = 1.16) provides novel insights into how adolescents from Turkey within a specific cultural framework, display certain kinds of self-presentation strategies. Using the Revised Self-Presentation Scale (RSPS; Lee et al., 1999) when coding adolescents’ profiles for strategies and information, we found that exemplification is the most utilized strategy followed by the ingratiation strategy. Self-report results differed from coded behavioral strategy use for intimidation and self-promotion, where there were higher levels of intimidation strategy than self-reported; for the self-promotion strategy, self-reported levels were higher than coded behavioral use. Particular strategy usage also predicted the sharing of types of information and the number of network friends.

scholarly journals Engagement Evaluation in a Virtual Learning Environment via Facial Expression Recognition and Self-Reports: A Preliminary Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Carlotta Olivetti ◽  
Maria Grazia Violante ◽  
Enrico Vezzetti ◽  
Federica Marcolin ◽  
Benoit Eynard
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Positive Effects

Due to its versatility, virtual technology is being widely employed in different domains, from industry to amusement. The possibility to adopt this technology in early product/service design is going to bring positive effects such as the reduction of costs associated with the production of physical prototypes and the generation of a more effective knowledge of users’ feedback. This study proposes a preliminary methodology to evaluate users’ engagement in interacting with a virtual environment that consists of the integration between a self-report method (the user engagement scale questionnaire) and a method based on facial expression recognition. Results reported in this paper show that the two methodologies generate different types of knowledge which can be used to fit users’ needs and expectations. Even if focused on a specific case study, i.e., the evaluation of the engagement in a virtual learning environment, this paper aims to propose a methodology that can be applied to all kinds of virtual products.

scholarly journals A-019 Predictors of Memory Strategy Use in Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-809
Author(s):  
Pizzonia K ◽  
Suhr J
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Internal Memory ◽  
Memory Strategy

Abstract Objectives Older adults often use memory strategies to assist with age-associated memory changes, and interventions targeting successful memory strategy use may promote independence. However, individuals vary in their use of memory strategies. We investigated individual difference factors involved in memory strategy use in older adults. Method As part of a larger study on stress and aging, 123 healthy community-dwelling adults over the age of 50 completed various assessments. The present analyses included 91 participants (54% female, mean age 60.80, SD = 8.75) who had completed all measures of interest. Reported external and internal memory strategy use and anxiety about memory ability were measured by the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire. Psychological variables were measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and MIA. Memory and working memory performance were assessed using the RBANS, Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, and Auditory Consonant Trigrams. Results Within the context of our model, we found that education (p = .036) and anxiety about memory performance (p = .010) predicted internal memory strategy use, while gender (p = .011), education (p < .001), and anxiety about memory ability (p = .011) predicted external memory strategy use. None of the other variables were related to memory strategy use. Conclusions Though cross-sectional in nature, our results have implications for understanding successful memory strategy use. Regarding demographics, female gender and higher education predicted external memory strategy use, while only education predicted internal memory strategy use. Also, anxiety about memory performance predicted the use of internal and external memory strategies rather than objective memory performance.

Should I Relax or Change My Thoughts? A Preliminary Examination of Cognitive Therapy, Relaxation Training, and their Combination with Overanxious Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Eisen ◽  
Wendy K. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response Class ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Treatment Gains

This investigation examined the efficacy of cognitive therapy, relaxation training, and their combination with 4 children (6-15 years of age) diagnosed with DSM-III-R overanxious disorder using a multiple baseline design across subjects. Each intervention contained an exposure component equalized across treatments. All children improved on child and parent pre-post self-report measures as well as parent and independent clinician’s ratings. Treatment gains were maintained at six month follow-up. While all three treatments were associated with diminished anxiety, evidence suggested that interventions were most effective when “matched” to a child’s problematic response class (i.e. cognitive symptoms, somatic symptoms or both). Implications for treatment of childhood anxiety disorders are discussed.

scholarly journals Using the Fast Track randomized prevention trial to test the early-starter model of the development of serious conduct problems

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-943 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Early Starter

The Fast Track prevention trial was used to test hypotheses from the Early-Starter Model of the development of chronic conduct problems. We randomly assigned 891 high-risk first-grade boys and girls (51% African American) to receive the long-term Fast Track prevention or not. After 4 years, outcomes were assessed through teacher ratings, parent ratings, peer nominations, and child self-report. Positive effects of assignment to intervention were evident in teacher and parent ratings of conduct problems, peer social preference scores, and association with deviant peers. Assessments of proximal goals of intervention (e.g., hostile attributional bias, problem-solving skill, harsh parental discipline, aggressive and prosocial behavior at home and school) collected after grade 3 were found to partially mediate these effects. The findings are interpreted as consistent with developmental theory.

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