Fundamental Frequency Variations Across the Menstrual Cycle and the Use of an Oral Contraceptive Pill

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043
Author(s):  
Filipa M. B. Lã ◽  
Nuria Polo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
The Voice

Purpose Concentrations of sex steroid hormones—estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone—have been associated with premenstrual and menstrual vocal symptoms. However, the extent to which these symptoms may be reflected on acoustical features of the voice is still debated. This study investigates variations in fundamental frequency ( f o ) and related parameters in connected speech across phases of the menstrual cycle and during the use of a combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Method Electrolaryngographic recordings were made, and blood samples were collected at three different phases of the menstrual cycle—menstrual, follicular, and luteal—for placebo and OCP use. These two conditions were blindly and randomly allocated in the study. Speaking f o (SFF), SFF standard deviation, SFF rate of change, SFF slope, maximum and minimum f o , and f o range were extracted for nine healthy females while reading a phrase from the Rainbow Passage. Concentrations of sex hormones were analyzed in serum. Nonparametric statistical tests were carried out to assess differences between phases and conditions. Results SFF, its standard deviation, and maximum f o were significantly different between phases of the menstrual cycle for placebo use only. Menstrual phase showed the lowest values. Maximum and minimum f o were significantly different between placebo and OCP use for menstrual and follicular phases, respectively. Conclusions Fluctuations in sex steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle alter f o in speech more than a particular hormonal concentration. OCP use seems to have a stabilizing effect on the voice relative to f o and related parameters in speech.

The Influence of a Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Digital Microvascular Haemodynamics

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Tooke ◽  
H. Tindall ◽  
G. P. McNicol
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Digital Blood Flow

1. Nailfold capillary pressure, digital blood flow and skin temperature have been measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle in 10 women on a combined oral contraceptive pill and 10 control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. 2. Capillary pressure and digital blood flow were statistically significantly higher in the group taking an oral contraceptive pill compared with control subjects. 3. Capillary pressure values for women failed to show the same positive correlation with skin temperature previously described in normal men. 4. The results are interpreted as evidence for a powerful modulating influence of sex steroids on digital microvascular haemodynamics.

A Case-Study on the Effects of the Menstrual Cycle and the Use of a Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill on the Performance of a Western Classical Singer: An Objective and Subjective Overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Lã ◽  
Jane W. Davidson ◽  
William Ledger ◽  
David Howard ◽  
Georgina Jones
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive

This case study explores the objective and psychologically perceived effects of the menstrual cycle and the use of a combined oral contraceptive pill on the singing performance of a western classical female singer. Objective measures of vocal parameters and hormonal concentrations were assessed during her natural menstrual cycle and during the use of an oral contraceptive pill. A diary was kept throughout the six months duration of the study and one lengthy semi-structured interview was also carried out with the singer, focussing on perceptions of her singing quality over the entire study. Aural analyses of the singing recordings were also undertaken by two independently qualified judges to see whether or not vocal changes were perceptible to listeners. The results suggest that: (i) hormonal variations during the natural menstrual cycle affected physiological and psychological aspects of the singer's performance; (ii) the pattern of vibration of the vocal folds seems to be more regular, and vocal control seems to be improved during oral contraceptive pill use; (iii) the singer reported better voice control during oral contraceptive pill use; (iv) listeners perceive intonation problems and wider vibrato during the natural menstrual cycle. This study suggests that further research on the effects of female sexual hormones on the singer's voice is necessary, and that female singers should be educated regarding these matters, in order to protect their voices and careers.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of cyclic transformation of the endometrium

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gulrukhsor Kh. Tolibova ◽  
Tatyana G. Tral ◽  
Eduard K. Ailamazyan ◽  
Igor Yu. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Genetically Determined

Structural transformation of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is a genetically determined process and is provided by complex molecular-biological interactions aimed at the onset and development of pregnancy. Sex steroid hormones play a key role in endometrial morphogenesis, which mediate or directly affect angiogenesis and immunogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of sex, menstrual cycle phase, and monophasic oral contraceptive pill use on local and central arterial stiffness in young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. H357-H365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey E. Priest ◽  
Ninette Shenouda ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Contraceptive Pill

Arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Previous sex-based investigations of local and central stiffness report inconsistent findings and have not controlled for menstrual cycle phase in women. There is also evidence that sex hormones influence the vasculature, but their impact on arterial stiffness across a natural menstrual (NAT) or oral contraceptive pill (OCP) cycle has been understudied. This study sought to 1) examine potential sex differences in local and central stiffness, 2) compare stiffness profiles between NAT and OCP cycles, and 3) investigate the relationship between duration of OCP use and arterial stiffness. Sex hormone concentrations, β-stiffness index (local stiffness), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV (central stiffness)] were assessed in 53 healthy adults (22 ± 3 yr old, 20 men, 15 NAT women, and 18 OCP women). All participants were tested three times: men on the same day and time 1 wk apart, NAT women in menstrual, midfollicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and OCP women in placebo, early active and late active pill phases. β-Stiffness was higher in men than NAT and OCP women ( P < 0.001), whereas cfPWV was similar between groups ( P = 0.09). β-Stiffness and cfPWV did not differ across or between NAT and OCP cycles ( P > 0.05 for both) and were not associated with duration of OCP use (β-stiffness: r = 0.003, P = 0.99; cfPWV: r = −0.26, P = 0.30). The apparent sex differences in local, but not central, stiffness highlight the importance of assessing both indexes in comparisons between men and women. Furthermore, fluctuating sex hormone levels do not appear to influence β-stiffness or cfPWV. Therefore, these stiffness indexes may need to be assessed during only one cycle phase in women in future investigations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed higher local, but not central, arterial stiffness in men than women. We also demonstrated that there are no differences in arterial stiffness between naturally cycling women and women who use monophasic oral contraceptive pills, and that the duration of oral contraceptive pill use does not influence arterial stiffness. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/behind-the-bench-episode-2/ .

scholarly journals A study on influence of different phases of menstrual cycle on hematological parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Vijayashri Basavaraj HANCHINAL ◽  
Ambhuja SAMBRANI ◽  
Vineet BALJOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertile Women

Menstruation is the most common phenomenon observed in fertile women. Menstrual cycle (MC) is of 3 phases: proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstruation phase. It is controlled by endocrine system. Natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormones during MC causes changes in hematological parameters. The aim of the present study to assess the impact of different phases of MC on hematological parameters. The study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, from 01st March 2011 to 31st March 2012. Women aged between 20-30 years with regular menstrual cycle of 27-30 days were included in the study. During each visit, the subjects’ blood was collected and analyzed using KX-21 SYSMEX for various hematological parameters. A total of 50 healthy young women were included in the study. On statistical comparing of hematological parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophil count and eosinophil count showed a significant difference while no statistically significant difference was observed in RBC, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count between different phases of MC. To conclude, the hematological parameters during the MC are highly dependent on the phasic changes in the immune response mechanism and sex steroid hormones.

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle Phase on Marathon Performance in Recreational Runners

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. Greenhall ◽  
R.S. Taipale ◽  
J.K. Ihalainen ◽  
A.C. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose: To examine the potential impact of fluctuations in sex steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) on marathon running performance of recreational female athletes. Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered to recreational, nonelite runners who had completed multiple marathons within the last 18 months. Results: A total of 599 questionnaires were returned and deemed viable for review. From these, 185 survey participants were found to have complete information and eligibility to have their surveys used in the statistical analysis. A total of 106 women had their best marathon performance in the luteal phase (high sex steroid hormones) of the MC, and 79 had their best performance in the follicular phase (low sex steroid hormones) of the MC (responses were significantly different; z-score value = 1.11; P < .05). Conclusion: Recreational female runners have varying performances in the marathon across their MC phases, specifically performing better in the luteal phase of the cycle.

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