scholarly journals Referral Criteria for Preschool Hearing Screening in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Comparison of Protocols

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Susan Eksteen ◽  
Robert H. Eikelboom ◽  
Stefan Launer ◽  
Hannah Kuper ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
The One ◽  
True Positive Result

Purpose This study aimed to describe and compare the performance of two screening protocols used for preschool hearing screening in resource-constrained settings. Method Secondary data analysis was done to determine the performance of two protocols implemented during a preschool hearing screening program using mobile health technology in South Africa. Pure-tone audiometry screening at 25 dB HL for 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz in each ear was used by both protocols. The fail criterion for the first protocol (2,147 children screened) constituted a no-response on one or more frequencies in either ear. The second protocol required two or more no-responses (5,782 children). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between outcomes and protocol, age, gender, and duration. Results Fail rates for the one-frequency fail protocol was 8.7% ( n = 186) and 4.3% ( n = 250) for the two-frequency fail protocol. Children screened with the two-frequency fail protocol were 52.9% less likely to fail ( p < .001; OR = 0.471; 95% confidence interval [0.385, 0.575]). Gender ( p = .251) and age ( p = .570) had no significant effect on screening outcome. A percentage of cases screened (44.7%) exceeded permissible noise levels in at least one ear at 1000 Hz across both protocols. True- and false-positive cases did not differ significantly between protocols. Protocol type ( p = .204), gender ( p = .314), and age ( p = .982) did not affect the odds of being a true-positive result. Average screening time was 72.8 s (78.66 SD ) and 64.9 s (55.78 SD ) for the one-frequency and two-frequency fail protocols, respectively. Conclusions A two-frequency fail criterion and immediate rescreen of failed frequencies significantly reduced referral rate for follow-up services that are often overburdened in resourced-constrained settings. Future protocol adaptations can also consider increasing the screening levels at 1000 Hz to minimize the influence of environmental noise.

Follow-up on the diagnostic level of children covered by the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Poland, divided into voivodships

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Grażyna Greczka ◽  
Monika Zych ◽  
Piotr Dąbrowski ◽  
Anna Gasińska ◽  
Anna Król ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Neonatal Hearing Screening ◽  
Central Database ◽  
Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening ◽  
Test Result

Introduction: Thanks to the Polish Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (PUNHSP), All newborns in Poland undergo a free, screening hearing examination. Between 2006 and 2015, the average number of tested children per year was 373,477. According to the analysis of The Central Database(CDB), only 55.8% of the children attended the detailed hearing examinations at the second level of the Program. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the dates concerning the attendance of the children at the diagnostic level of PUNHSP in different regions of Poland. Materials and methods: To conduct an analysis of this fact and find out the reasons for the low attendance at the second level in 2015, a telephone survey questionnaire was developed for parents whose children had not registered for further consultation - 3,239 randomly selected parents. Results: The analysis revealed that the number of children examined at the second diagnostic level of the program is in fact much higher than the results of The Central Database show. The actual number is 83.6% as opposed to 55,8%. As a result of the telephone questionnaire, some inaccuracies in the input data to the CDB were detected. The main errors involved in the gathering of information for the CDB was the incorrect OAE test result and the lack of performed examination. Conclusion: In Poland, the worst results for the attendance to the diagnostic level (the results were a comparison of the questionnaire results compared to the CDB) was shown in Pomorskie, Lubelskie, Mazowieckie, and Podlaskie regions. In many cases, there was a large difference in reality to what the information in the CDB claimed. The improvement of clarity concerning the CDB application is important in order to minimize the possibility of malformation in the CDB.

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Programme in Malaysia and Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Iyanda Ismail Abdussalaam ◽  
Ameen Abdullateef ◽  
Nurudeen Opeyemi Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Practical Implications

The developing countries of the world are still lagging in the implementation of the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). In other to eradicate unnecessary earshot impairments via suitable rehabilitation processes, there is need for more studies. Thus, this chapter is channeled to bridge this gap. This study used secondary data by comprehensively reviewing the published researches and other relevant and related works and found that UNHS practices in Malaysia and Nigeria have both differences and similarities. The two countries use AABR and OAE as their protocol, and the newborn hearing screening is not binding on the caregivers in both countries. However, their approaches differ in the area of finance, follow-up intervals, and the years of introduction among others. Nevertheless, there are some challenges impeding the effective implementation of the programme which includes include lack of awareness, death of personnel, inadequate diagnostic centers, among others. Given these findings, this chapter could be said to have practical implications for the stakeholders.

Adult Hearing Screening: Follow-Up and Outcomes1

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thodi ◽  
M. Parazzini ◽  
S. E. Kramer ◽  
A. Davis ◽  
S. Stenfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Cerumen Removal

Purpose To screen hearing and evaluate outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Method Three thousand and twenty-five adults responded to an invitation to be screened by questionnaire, otoscopy, and pure-tone audiometry. Pure-tone average (PTA) >35 dB HL in the worse ear, unilateral hearing loss, or otoscopic findings were the criteria for referral for services. A questionnaire related to compliance with referral recommendations was completed by telephone interview for 160 randomly selected participants after 1–2 years from referral. Results The referral rate for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation was 46%, and referral for cerumen removal/medical evaluation was 17%. Of the people referred for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation, 18% tried a hearing aid; 2 years later, 11% were using a hearing aid. Screening recommendations affected participants' decision to seek help. Study participants stated that the screening was helpful, it should be offered to everybody, and they would participate in future screenings. Conclusion Although adult hearing screening offered timely identification of hearing loss for adults seeking help, follow-up with hearing aid treatment was low.

Newborn Hearing Screening in a County Hospital

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing

This report describes the problems encountered in maintaining a newborn hearing screening program in a county hospital. The failure of parents to bring infants in for follow-up and the problems of keeping trained volunteer testers resulted in termination of the program.

scholarly journals Organizational Aspects and Outcomes of a Hearing Screening Program Among First-Grade Children in the Mazovian Region of Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Weronika Świerniak ◽  
Elżbieta Gos ◽  
Maria Gocel ◽  
Henryk Skarżyński
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Educational Meetings ◽  
Hearing Problems

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and assess a hearing screening program of first-grade children in Poland. The program aimed to detect hearing disorders and increase awareness among parents of hearing problems. Method A hearing screening program was conducted in all elementary schools of the biggest region in Poland. A total of 34,618 first-graders were screened. The hearing screening protocol included video otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry. The program also included an information campaign directed to the local community and educational meetings between parents and medical staff. Results The estimated prevalence of hearing loss was 11%. Unilateral hearing loss was more common than bilateral hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was more frequent than moderate (or worse) hearing loss. In otoscopy, the most common positive result was otitis media with effusion. Parents and medical staff took part in 1,608 educational meetings, broadening the parents' knowledge of how to care for hearing. Conclusions A hearing screening program not only provides data on the prevalence of childhood hearing problems but is also an avenue for providing the local community with valuable knowledge about how to care for hearing. This study demonstrated the importance for systematic monitoring of children's hearing status and of increasing awareness among parents and teachers of the significance of hearing loss. The hearing screening of children starting school should become a standard part of school health care programs.

A Program Review of Head Start and Elementary School Hearing Screenings

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Annette Hurley ◽  
Michelle Willis ◽  
Megan Guidry ◽  
Dan Bode ◽  
Marissa L. Corneille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Program Review ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Distortion Product

Purpose The purpose of this study was to review quality benchmarks from hearing screening programs conducted at local Head Start centers and preschool and elementary schools associated with our university training programs. Method Hearing screening results from 6,043 children were reviewed. Hearing screening was accomplished using either distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at Head Start centers, pure-tone audiometry at preschool and elementary schools, and tympanometry at all settings. All children who did not pass the initial screening were screened a second time. Referrals were made if a child did not pass the automated DPOAE pass criteria for one ear, failed at least one pure-tone frequency for one ear, or had abnormal tympanometry in one ear. Results Refer rates were 10.9% for DPOAEs and 11.4% for pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry, with an overall refer rate of 11%. Conclusions Our hearing screening program review yielded refer rates that are similar to other published reports for this population. Presently, there are no published target refer rates for hearing screening programs in preschool and elementary schools. Although we were not able to complete other program quality benchmark indicators including sensitivity and specificity, these data may support benchmarks for other hearing screening programs.

Abstract 12814: Incidence of Stroke or Systemic Embolism in Paroxysmal versus Sustained Atrial Fibrillation: From the Fushimi Af Registry

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Takabayashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Hamatani ◽  
Mitsuru Ishii ◽  
Hisashi Ogawa ◽  
Masahiro Esato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Chads2 Score ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risks of stroke. Previous studies revealed patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) have a risk of stroke similar to that in patients with sustained (persistent or permanent) AF (SAF). Methods: The Fushimi AF Registry, a community-based prospective survey, was designed to enroll all of the AF patients in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan. At present, we have enrolled 3,985 patients from March 2011 to April 2014. One-year follow-up was completed in 3,189 patients as of April 2014. We compared the baseline clinical characteristics and one-year outcome between PAF (n=1,534, 48.1%) and SAF (n=1,655, 51.9%). Results: Patients with PAF were younger (PAF vs. SAF: 72.3±11.7 vs. 74.9±9.9 years; p<0.01), less likely to have a history of stroke (15.0% vs. 22.1%; p<0.01), heart failure (17.3% vs. 34.9%; p<0.01), and had lower CHADS2 score (1.82±1.29 vs. 2.22±1.35; p<0.01). During the one-year follow-up period, there was no significant difference in all-cause death (116 (7.6%) vs. 137 (8.3%); p=0.45) or major bleeding (25 (1.6%) vs. 29 (1.8%); p=0.78) between PAF and SAF. In patients with PAF, incidence of stroke or systemic embolism (SE) was less (29 (1.9%) vs. 52 (3.1%); p=0.02) and so was the hospitalization for heart failure (43 (2.8%) vs. 83 (5.0%); p<0.01). In subgroup of patients with CHADS2 score ≥2, there was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke or SE between PAF and SAF (p=0.58) (figure B). In contrast, PAF was associated with lower incidence of stroke or SE in patients with CHADS2 score 0 or 1 (p=0.02) (figure A). After the adjustment by gender and established risk factors (components of CHADS2 score) in multiple logistic regression models, PAF was independently associated with lower incidence of stroke or SE in CHADS2 score 0 or 1 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.72; p=0.01). Conclusion: PAF was independently associated with lower incidence of stroke or SE in low risk patients with CHADS2 score 0 or 1.

Quality measures of a multicentre universal newborn hearing screening program in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 096914132097306
Author(s):  
Yun Ai Wong ◽  
Rafidah Mazlan ◽  
Noor Alaudin Abdul Wahab ◽  
Roslan Ja’afar ◽  
Nurul Huda Bani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
The Mean

Objective To evaluate and discuss the outcomes of the universal newborn hearing screening program conducted at four public hospitals in Malaysia. Method A retrospective analysis of the universal newborn hearing screening database from each hospital was performed. The database consisted of 28,432 and 30,340 screening results of babies born in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Quality indicators (coverage rate, referral rate, return for follow-up rate, and ages at screening and diagnosis) were calculated. Results Overall coverage rate across the four hospitals was 75% in 2015 and 87.4% in 2016. Over the two years, the referral rates for the first screening ranged from 2.7% to 33.93% with only one hospital achieving the recommended benchmark of <4% in both years. The return for follow-up rates for each participating hospital was generally below the recommended benchmark of ≥95%. The mean age at screening was 3.9 ± 1.2 days and 3.3 ± 0.4 days, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis for 70 infants diagnosed with permanent hearing loss was 4.7 ± 0.7 months in 2015 and 3.6 ± 0.9 months in 2016. Conclusions Quality measures for the universal newborn hearing screening program in four public hospitals in Malaysia were lower than the required standards. Nevertheless, some quality indicators showed statistically significant improvements over the two years. Next steps involve identifying and implementing the best practice strategies to improve the outcome measures and thus the quality of the program.

An Automated Hearing Screening Technique for Newborns

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McFarland ◽  
F. Blair Simmons ◽  
Frederica R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Current Detection ◽  
A Current

A newborn hearing screening technique (the Crib-o-gram) originally proposed by Simmons and Russ (1974) is described. The number of babies tested has now grown to over 12,000. This report presents follow-up data on the Crib-o-gram hearing screening program at Stanford University Medical Center. Improvements in test procedure and scoring have resulted in a current detection rate of 93%.

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