The Identification of Language Impairment in the Selection of Specifically Language-Impaired Subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. McCauley ◽  
M. J. Demetras
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Selection Of

This review focused on the methods used to identify language impairment in specifically language-impaired subjects participating in 72 research studies that were described in four journals from 1983 to 1988. The single most frequent source of information used in the identification process was found to be test data. There was, however, considerable variability and, often, a lack of clarity regarding the specific number and identity of tests used. More specific findings on test use indicated that researchers routinely assessed both expressive and receptive language and that they used incomplete tests. When test scores used in identification and selection were examined, there was a wide range of score types, and age-equivalent scores were by far the most common and often the only type of score utilized. Conclusions are drawn regarding the impact of these findings on the interpretation and generalizability of this research literature.

Selection of Children with Specific Language Deficits

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Stark ◽  
Paula Tallal
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Language Deficit ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Selection Of

A standard approach to the selection of children with specific language deficit was devised. The approach was based on a current definition of specific language deficit that depends heavily on exclusion criteria. Children with known language deficit who had hearing impairment, cognitive deficit, neurologic deficit, or emotional or behavioral disorder were excluded. Both the exclusion criteria and the criteria dealing with required extent of language impairment were specified in considerable detail. A total of 132 language-impaired children aged 4–8 1/2 years were assessed. Criteria for selection of a matched group of normal-language children were also specified. The language-impaired children were referred to the project by speech and language clinicians in accordance with a set of broadly defined criteria. Contrary to expectations, less than one third of the children from this group met the more precisely defined criteria employed in the project. In addition, those who were selected did not form a homogeneous group but showed considerable variation in expressive versus receptive language and in articulation skill. The selection approach and its effectiveness for the purposes of clinical research and intervention studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation Verification of the Contact Parameter Influence on the Forces’ Course of Cereal Grain Impact against a Stiff Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kęska ◽  
Jacek Marcinkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Gierz ◽  
Żaneta Staszak ◽  
Jarosław Selech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Contact Parameter ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The continuous development of computer technology has made it applicable in many scientific fields, including research into a wide range of processes in agricultural machines. It allows the simulation of very complex physical phenomena, including grain motion. A recently discovered discrete element method (DEM) is used for this purpose. It involves direct integration of equations of grain system motion under the action of various forces, the most important of which are contact forces. The method’s accuracy depends mainly on precisely developed mathematical models of contacts. The creation of such models requires empirical validation, an experiment that investigates the course of contact forces at the moment of the impact of the grains. To achieve this, specialised test stations equipped with force and speed sensors were developed. The correct selection of testing equipment and interpretation of results play a decisive role in this type of research. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the force sensor dynamic properties’ influence on the measurement accuracy of the course of the plant grain impact forces against a stiff surface. The issue was examined using the computer simulation method. A proprietary computer software with the main calculation module and data input procedures, which presents results in a graphic form, was used for calculations. From the simulation, graphs of the contact force and force signal from the sensor were obtained. This helped to clearly indicate the essence of the correct selection of parameters used in the tests of sensors, which should be characterised by high resonance frequency.

Personification of the selection of pharmacological treatment of stress and post-stress disorders based on biometric data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Raisa Ya. Tataritntseva ◽  
Lilia G. Ivanova ◽  
Dmitriy V. Migachev
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Mobile Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remote Treatment ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Stress ◽  
Selection Of

Scientific researches have proven the pathogenetic relationship between stress and the development of a wide range of diseases. The impact of stress to the development of somatic diseases is well known, but greatly underestimated, since the treatment of stress and the correction of its consequences is an important aspect in the prevention and treatment of any, even infectious diseases, which was proved during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The introduction of individual mobile medicine devices (M-Health) into a wide medical practice makes it possible to provide not only remote monitoring of the patients condition, but also to conduct remote treatment, with the selection and correction of drug therapy based on objective biometric data.

Onset Times and Detection of Colored Signal Lights

2005 ◽  
Vol 1918 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
John D. Bullough
Keyword(s):  
Visual Detection ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Signal Light ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Selection Of

Light sources used in signal lights for transportation applications have a variety of temporal onset characteristics, including a wide range of onset times. These characteristics, along with luminous intensity and color characteristics, can have important impacts on the ability to detect and respond to colored signal lights. Studies of the impact of these factors on responses to colored signals are reviewed, along with potential implications for the selection of light sources used in traffic and vehicle signals. The onset characteristics of recently developed light sources might offer significant potential to improve visual detection of signal lights. Nonetheless, it is important to understand the context in which a signal light is presented to determine whether such improvements in visual detection have practical significance.

A Drawing Task to Assess Emotion Inference in Language-Impaired Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vendeville ◽  
Nathalie Blanc ◽  
Claire Brechet
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Studies investigating the ability of children with language impairment (LI) to infer emotions rely on verbal responses (which can be challenging for these children) and/or the selection of a card representing an emotion (which limits the response range). In contrast, a drawing task might allow a broad spectrum of responses without involving language. This study used a drawing task to compare the ability to make emotional inferences in children with and without LI. Method Twenty-two children with LI and 22 typically developing children ages 6 to 10 years were assessed in school during 3 sessions. They were asked to listen to audio stories. At specific moments, the experimenter stopped the recording and asked children to complete the drawing of a face to depict the emotion felt by the story's character. Three adult study-blind judges were subsequently asked to evaluate the expressiveness of the drawings. Results Children with LI had more difficulty than typically developing children making emotional inferences. Children with LI also made more errors of different valence than their typically developing peers. Conclusion Our findings confirm that children with LI show difficulty in producing emotional inferences, even when performing a drawing task—a relatively language-free response mode.

The impact of specific language impairment on performance in science and suggested implications for pedagogy

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Matson ◽  
Tony Cline
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The impact of specific language impairment (SLI) on the acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills has been well researched. In contrast little has been written on its impact on the third core subject in the National Curriculum (NC) of science and this article describes a preliminary investigation into the scientific reasoning skills of children with SLI in comparison with those of typically developing (TD) children. In individual assessment sessions 11 pairs of target children with SLI and control TD children in the Key Stage (KS) 2 age span (ages 7–11 years) undertook a series of scientific reasoning tasks appropriate to their age involving receptive and expressive language skills. The children with SLI had for the most part significantly more difficulty with expressive language tasks (ELTs) than the TD children, in spite of the provision of scaffolding, and there was some evidence that they also had greater difficulty with the production of causal connectives, e.g. because, so. However, there was no difference between the two groups on receptive language tasks (RLTs) when scaffolding was used. Some possible implications for pedagogy are considered in light of these findings, and problems in matching children with SLI and TD controls are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Aftershock Characteristics on the Fragility Curve of Post-Mainshock RC Frames

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Massumi ◽  
Kabir Sadeghi ◽  
Omid Ghojoghi
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Significant Duration ◽  
Rc Frames ◽  
Collapse Probability ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Earthquake Sequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Buildings constructed in seismic zones are not only damaged by mainshocks but may also be damaged by the impact of aftershocks and cause them to collapse. Therefore, studying the behavior of the damaged structures due to the mainshock and aftershock helps in post-mainshock decision making and also in the selection of suitable aftershock records for seismic assessing of the structure under earthquake sequences. This paper presents the effects of aftershock ground motion on the collapse capacity of post-mainshock buildings. The mean period (Tm), predominant velocity period (Tg), frequency bandwidth (Ω), the 5%-95% significant duration (Ds) and seismic records of different sites were selected to evaluate the effect of its characteristics on the collapse capacity of buildings. The intensity of the ground motions was determined by the first-mode spectral acceleration with 5% damping. Collapse capacities of two non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames with 3 and 6 stories were evaluated using a set of 62 aftershock records with a wide range of characteristics. Box plot collapse diagrams and fragility curves have been developed by applying the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The results show that in the frequency content with a longer period, the probability of its collapse is higher. In addition, the high significant duration of aftershocks increases the collapse probability of structures. Also, the evaluation of the site characteristics shows differences in collapse capacities of the same frames in varying sites. Therefore, the effect of aftershock characteristics on the capacity of the structures is significant and it is necessary to carefully determine the seismic sequences’ recordings for the evaluation of the seismic behavior of the structures.

scholarly journals Toward a syntactic phylogeny of modern Indo-European languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Longobardi ◽  
Cristina Guardiano ◽  
Giuseppina Silvestri ◽  
Alessio Boattini ◽  
Andrea Ceolin
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Objective Measurements ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The Parametric Comparison Method (PCM, Guardiano & Longobardi 2005, Longobardi & Guardiano 2009) is grounded on the assumption that syntactic parameters are more appropriate than other traits for use as comparanda for historical reconstruction, because they are able to provide unambiguous correspondences and objective measurements, thus guaranteeing wide-range applicability and quantitative exactness. This article discusses a set of experiments explicitly designed to evaluate the impact of parametric syntax in representing historical relatedness, and performed on a selection of 26 contemporary Indo-European varieties. The results show that PCM is in fact able to correctly identify genealogical relations even from modern languages only, performing as accurately as lexical methods, and that its effectiveness is not limited by interference effects such as ‘horizontal’ transmission. PCM is thus validated as a powerful tool for the analysis of historical relationships not only on a long-range perspective (as suggested by Longobardi & Guardiano 2009), but even on more focused, though independently well-known domains.

scholarly journals The Impact of Normalization Methods on RNA-Seq Data Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zyprych-Walczak ◽  
A. Szabelska ◽  
L. Handschuh ◽  
K. Górczak ◽  
K. Klamecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

High-throughput sequencing technologies, such as the Illumina Hi-seq, are powerful new tools for investigating a wide range of biological and medical problems. Massive and complex data sets produced by the sequencers create a need for development of statistical and computational methods that can tackle the analysis and management of data. The data normalization is one of the most crucial steps of data processing and this process must be carefully considered as it has a profound effect on the results of the analysis. In this work, we focus on a comprehensive comparison of five normalization methods related to sequencing depth, widely used for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and their impact on the results of gene expression analysis. Based on this study, we suggest a universal workflow that can be applied for the selection of the optimal normalization procedure for any particular data set. The described workflow includes calculation of the bias and variance values for the control genes, sensitivity and specificity of the methods, and classification errors as well as generation of the diagnostic plots. Combining the above information facilitates the selection of the most appropriate normalization method for the studied data sets and determines which methods can be used interchangeably.

scholarly journals How Cherkasy Online Media Utilize the Content Generated by Social Networks’ Users

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Svitlana Koval
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Citizen Journalism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Media Activism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Selection Of

In this study we explore the user-generated content as one of the most unique tools of modern online environment. The user-generated content results from the interactivity with audience that becomes possible through the Web 2.0 technologies. Being accessible and affordable to the general audience, these technologies are widely applied by the users to independently create and share their own content. The objective of the research is to explore and substantiate the nature of the user-generated content (hereinafter UGC) phenomenon as a source of information for the online media. Being a multifunctional phenomenon UGC requires a comprehensive approach to the selection of research methods. We use the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, and comparison to explore the content samples from the wide range of sources including the citizen journalism, media activism, complicity journalism, and marketing. A method of observation let us identify the ways of including the user-generated content to the journalists’ publications; we also use the method of classification to distinguish the different forms of UGC. Results and Conclusions. The user-generated content is increasingly becoming popular, especially among the users of social networks. Media pay much attention to the UGC, encouraging its expansion. Different forms of social networks’ content, such as video, digital images, text, infographics and combined content are widely used by journalists to produce their own media products. Cherkasy online publishers take user-generated content from the Facebook and VKontakte social networks’ personal pages for different purposes including the following: as a newsbreak, as a main text, as an addition to the product, as an illustration, as special focus determination, as an exclusive, etc. The user-generated content does not replaces the professional journalistic products, but rather complements and expands them. Special attention should be paid to the verification of the user-generated content.

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