Acquisition of Semantic Role by Language-Disordered Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil J. Connell

Six 3-year-old language-disordered children were taught the relationship between semantic role and word order through either production or comprehension training. All 6 subjects successfully learned the relationship through production training as indicated by their responses to a production probe and by their use of word order to express semantic role distinctions in their conversational speech. These subjects never used word order cues to decode semantically reversible sentences on comprehension tests even after they were using word order appropriately in their conversational speech. Also, none of the subjects were able to learn word order through comprehension training. The results were interpreted to mean the subjects could learn a word-order rule by teaching them to say sentences that contrast word order and meaning but that they could not learn by being taught to respond to sentences. The problem with this latter procedure may be that it requires a mental operation that is beyond the level of cognitive development of children under the age of 4.

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM DITTMAR ◽  
KIRSTEN ABBOT-SMITH ◽  
ELENA LIEVEN ◽  
MICHAEL TOMASELLO

ABSTRACTThe current study used a forced choice pointing paradigm to examine whether English children aged 2 ; 1 can use abstract knowledge of the relationship between word order position and semantic roles to make an active behavioural decision when interpreting active transitive sentences with novel verbs, when the actions are identical in the target and foil video clips. The children pointed significantly above chance with novel verbs but only if the final trial was excluded. With familiar verbs the children pointed consistently above chance. Children aged 2 ; 7 did not show these tiring effects and their performance in the familiar and novel verb conditions was always equivalent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.


2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA SEOANE

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the syntactic, pragmatic and semantic determinants of word-order variation in Modern English, exemplified by the specific case of the use of long passives as order-rearranging devices. Word order in English and in most other SVO languages is affected by a number of factors such as animacy, semantic role, discourse status and syntactic complexity (Sornicola 2006). In this article, which analyses the influence of such factors in the use of long passives, I will try to show that their effects are construction-specific; in particular, that factors which are crucial in determining word order in some constructions – factors such as the animacy of the constituents involved – are entirely overruled by others in the case of Modern English long passives. Corpus data presented here will also serve to address issues pertaining to the nature of the determinants of grammatical variation, such as their independent versus epiphenomenal character, their interactions, and the locus of their effects on word order.


2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Patel ◽  
Nadine Parker ◽  
Giovanni A. Salum ◽  
Zdenka Pausova ◽  
Tomáš Paus

General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between structural properties of the cerebral cortex [surface area, cortical thickness, intracortical myelination indexed by the T1w/T2w ratio, and neurite density assessed by restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)] with general psychopathology and cognition in a sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Higher levels of psychopathology and lower levels of cognitive ability were associated with a smaller cortical surface area. Inter-regionally—across the cerebral cortex—the strength of association between an area and psychopathology is strongly correlated with the strength of association between an area and cognition. Taken together, structural deviations particularly observed in the cortical surface area influence both psychopathology and cognition.


1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Hakuta ◽  
Judith Suben

The study of the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive development has struggled with the dual definitional problems of the key component concepts. Bilingualism has been defined at various levels of functional definition. These include linguistic, cognitive, and social-psychological characteristics of individuals, as well as societal characteristics such as ethnicity and other sociodemographic variables. Failure to distinguish between these various definitions of bilingualism has led to confusion in deciphering the relationship of this elusive concept with cognitive development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahmad Masduki

Abstract Teens have different characters from children and adults and the problems they face. With this difference, it is necessary to take steps to remain a good teenager. In general, there are ten characters that exist in adolescents that parents and teachers must know about, namely physical changes, socialization, cognitive development, personal and emotional characteristics, independence, emotionality and rebellion, extreme moodiness, self-identity, peer relationships, independence and testing limits, selfish attitude. With characters who tend  much opposed  by  the  parents and teachers, it is necessary their internalization or inculcation of religious values in  adolescents. As for actions that do the elderly within the family and  teachers  in the school such as provide exemplary self, their sense of togetherness in the realization of the values of religious, harmonious relationship  the parents (father 's mother), the intimacy of the relationship people parents with children, train bear  responsibility, exercise and habitation of children since age early in the realization of the values of religious, consistency and unity of the behavior of  the parents, the creation of an atmosphere of openness, and communication dialogical, and  children are also able to choose companions who diligently carry out the command of religion.   Abstrak Remaja memiliki karakter yang berbeda dengan anak-anak maupun orang dewasa  dan problematika yang dihadapinya. Dengan adanya perbedaan itulah perlu adanya langkah-langkah yang dilakukan agar tetap menjadi remaja yang baik. Secara umum ada sepuluk karakter yang ada pada remaja yang orang tua maupun guru harus mengetahuinya, yaitu perubahan fisik, sosialisasi, perkembangan kognitif, karakteristik pribadi dan emosional, independen, emosional dan pemberontak, moodiness ekstrim, identitas diri, hubungan sebaya, kemandirian dan batas pengujian, sikap egois. Dengan karakter yang cenderung banyak berlawanan dengan orang tua maupun guru, maka perlu adanya internalisasi atau penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan pada remaja. Adapun tindakan yang dilakukan orang tua didalam keluarga maupun guru di sekolah diantaranya memberikan keteladanan diri, adanya rasa kebersamaan dalam merealisasikan nilai-nilai keagamaan, keharmonisan hubungan orang tua (ayah-ibu), kemesraan hubungan orang tua dengan anak, melatih tanggung jawab, latihan dan pembiasaan anak-anak sejak usia dini dalam merealisasikan nilai-nilai keagamaan, konsistensi dan kesatuan perilaku orang tua, penciptaan suasana keterbukaan, dan komunikasi dialogis, dan anak juga mampu memilih sahabat yang rajin menjalankan perintah agama.


2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Owens ◽  
Robin Dodsworth ◽  
Trent Rockwood

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the global functions of variable subject-verb order and morpholexical class of subjects in the spoken Arabic of the Arabian peninsula. Using corpus-based methods, it is shown that lexical class—pronoun, pronominal, noun—definiteness, and the discourse-defined lexical specificity of a noun all correlate significantly with subject-verb or verb-subject word order. The global function of the two orders is explored using an array of measures to show that verb-subject order prototypically presents events, while subject-verb signals available referentiality. Using the quantitatively based study of Anthony Naro and Sebastiao Votre ([1999]. Discourse motivations for linguistic regularities: Verb/subject order in spoken Brazilian Portuguese. Probus 11:75–100.) on Brazilian Portuguese as a point of comparison, a typological framework is developed for understanding languages with variable subject-verb order.


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