School-Age Children’s Metalinguistic Awareness of Grammaticality in Verb Form

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. Sutter ◽  
Cynthia J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
School Age Children ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
School Age ◽  
Error Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Grammatical Errors

This study investigated 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old children’s ability to monitor grammaticality in the past progressive, perfect progressive, and perfect verb forms. The children achieved a significantly higher rate of accurate judgments monitoring grammatical forms that ungrammatical forms. Age was a significant factor in error identification. Eight-year-olds were substantially better at identifying ungrammatical forms than were their younger schoolmates. Verb form, in conjunction with type of anomaly, significantly varied with respect to ease of identification. Errors of the auxiliary and suffix were easier for children to identify than an adverbial error which required a sentence analysis to determine the incompatibility. The context surrounding ungrammatical verb forms significantly affected monitoring ability. Anomalous forms in unrelated sentences were easier to identify as ungrammatical than anomalous forms in sentences taken from a story the children had just heard. It appears that school-age children prefer to maintain the semantic intent of the message rather than critically search for grammatical errors.

Nutritional Status Among School-Age Children of Bangladeshi Tea Garden Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Mohd Shamim Iqbal ◽  
Amanda C. Palmer ◽  
Jillian Waid ◽  
S. M. Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. M. Islam Bulbul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Background: While considerable progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in Bangladesh, regional disparities are known to exist, and certain population subgroups may lag behind. Objective: To characterize nutritional status among school-age children in a historically marginalized population of Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of children attending 14 nongovernmental organization-operated schools serving the tea estate population in Kulaura Upazila, Sylhet Division. We randomly selected 168 children from a population of 418 whose parents attended school-organized Parent–Teacher Association meetings. Parents provided consent and data on household food consumption in the past week, foods consumed by children in the past 24 hours, and household food insecurity. We drew venous blood from assenting children for the analysis of hemoglobin and plasma retinol, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein. Children were classified as stunted, underweight, or thin based on comparisons with the World Health Organization standards for height-for-age, weight-for-age, or body mass index-for-age, respectively. Results: Food insecurity was highly prevalent, with ∼85% of households affected. Roughly half of children had low dietary diversity. Prevalence estimates for stunting, underweight, and thinness were 32%, 50%, and 49%, respectively. Approximately 60% of children had a hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dL. The mean (±SD) plasma retinol concentration was 0.79 μmol/L (±0.23 μmol/L), with 34% deficient using a 0.70 μmol/L cutoff. Conclusions: A heightened focus on tracking progress in underserved populations and appropriately targeted programming will be critical as Bangladesh seeks to accelerate progress toward global development goals for nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Yasuoka ◽  
Siyan Yi ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Makoto Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern for children. Each day, worldwide, approximately 440 children became newly infected with HIV, and 270 children died from AIDS-related causes in 2018. Poor nutrition has been associated with accelerated disease progression, and sufficient dietary diversity is considered a key to improve children’s nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to 1) examine nutritional status of school-age children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and 2) identify factors associated with their nutritional status, especially taking their dietary diversity into consideration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia. Data from 298 children and their caregivers were included in the analyses. Using semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and dietary diversity. To assess children’s nutritional status, body weight and height were measured. Viral load and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting. Results: Of 298 children, nearly half (46.6%) were stunted, and 13.1% were wasted. The mean number of food groups consumed by the children in the past 24 hours was 4.6 out of 7 groups. Factors associated with children’s stunting were age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.166, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151, 4.077), household wealth (AOR 0.543, 95%CI: 0.299, 0.986), duration of receiving ART (AOR 0.510, 95%CI: 0.267, 0.974), and having disease symptoms during the past one year (AOR 1.871, 95%CI: 1.005, 3.480). The only factor associated with wasting was being male (AOR 5.304, 95%CI: 2.210, 12.728). Conclusions: Prevalence of stunting was more than double that of non-infected school-age children living in urban areas in Cambodia. This highlights the importance of conducting nutritional intervention programs, especially tailored for children living with HIV in the country. Although dietary diversity was not significantly associated with children’s nutritional status in this study, the findings will contribute to implementing future nutritional interventions more efficiently by indicating children who are most in need of such interventions in Cambodia.

What Constitutes a Multidimensional Treatment Approach for School-Age Children Who Stutter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Shields
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Past

AbstractResearch over the past several decades supports the view that stuttering is a complex and multidimensional disorder. Given the multiple factors that contribute to the development and persistence of stuttering, it follows that, for many children who stutter, treatment focused solely on the motor aspects of speech may be insufficient to help them successfully manage their stuttering. A complete assessment includes identifying all of the dimensions of the disorder that are relevant to a particular child. Likewise, treatment is best viewed as multidimensional, with the clinician developing a set of goals that address the relevant aspects of stuttering and communication. Such an approach leads to greater success for children who stutter with the end result being speakers who communicate openly and effectively.

scholarly journals Association between air pollution and lung development in schoolchildren in China

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jiansheng Wang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
North China ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heavily Polluted Area

BackgroundChina has been facing nationwide air pollution at unprecedented high levels primarily from fossil–fuel combustion in the past decade. However, few studies have been conducted on the adverse effect of severe air pollution on lung development in school-age children.MethodsUsing wellness check and air pollution data from 2014 to 2017, we conducted a retrospective analysis of lung development in 21 616 school-age children from Shijiazhuang and Qingdao from North China with severe vs mild air pollution. Linear mixed effects model was performed to assess the effect of air pollution on forced vital capacity (FVC) growth.ResultsExposure to severe air pollution was associated with a dramatic reduction in annual FVC growth rate (−71.3 mL,  p< 0.001). In addition, every 10 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 level was associated with a reduction of annual FVC growth by 12.2 mL ( p< 0.001). Sex discrepancy (boys vs girls) in FVC growth was greater in Qingdao (35.4 mL/year, 95% CI: 26.0 to 44.7) than in Shijiazhuang (19.8 mL/year, 95% CI: 9.3 to 30.3) (p for interaction=0.063). Exposure to indoor coal- or wood-burning stove heating (−79.4 mL,  p< 0.001) and secondhand smoke at home (−59.3 mL,  p= 0.003) were inversely associated with FVC growth.ConclusionOur study raised serious alarm over the threat of severe air pollution to lung development in school-age children. Sex discrepancy in lung development was reduced dramatically in heavily polluted area.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and dietary diversity of school-age children living with HIV: a cross sectional study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Yasuoka ◽  
Siyan Yi ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Makoto Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern for children. Each day, worldwide, approximately 440 children became newly infected with HIV, and 270 children died from AIDS-related causes in 2018. Poor nutrition has been associated with accelerated disease progression, and sufficient dietary diversity is considered a key to improve children’s nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to 1) examine nutritional status of school-age children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and 2) identify factors associated with their nutritional status, especially taking their dietary diversity into consideration.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 within the catchment area of the National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia. Data from 298 children and their caregivers were included in the analyses. Using semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and dietary diversity. To assess children’s nutritional status, body weight and height were measured. Viral load and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting.Results: Of 298 children, nearly half (46.6%) were stunted, and 13.1% were wasted. The mean number of food groups consumed by the children in the past 24 hours was 4.6 out of 7 groups. Factors associated with children’s stunting were age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.166, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151, 4.077), household wealth (AOR 0.543, 95%CI: 0.299, 0.986), duration of receiving ART (AOR 0.510, 95%CI: 0.267, 0.974), and having disease symptoms during the past one year (AOR 1.871, 95%CI: 1.005, 3.480). The only factor associated with wasting was being male (AOR 5.304, 95%CI: 2.210, 12.728).Conclusions: Prevalence of stunting was more than double that of non-infected school-age children living in urban areas in Cambodia. This highlights the importance of conducting nutritional intervention programs, especially tailored for children living with HIV in the country. Although dietary diversity was not significantly associated with children’s nutritional status in this study, the findings will contribute to implementing future nutritional interventions more efficiently by indicating children who are most in need of such interventions in Cambodia.

Dyslexia: Why Is This Diagnosis so Challenging?

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Laurie M. Gauger
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
High Stakes Tests ◽  
The Past

Dyslexia, the most commonly identified learning disability, frequently goes unidentified in school age children, especially when children perform adequately on high stakes tests. The purpose of this paper is to aid speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in diagnosing children who have dyslexia. We address profiles of behavioral strengths and weaknesses that are characteristic of these children and we present sample evaluation profiles of a few children with dyslexia that we have tested over the past decade.

Lettrt To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300
Author(s):  
David R. Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Colon ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pediatric Gastroenterology ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Irritable Colon Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Of Choice

I would state that in the past six years, during which my practice has been confined to pediatric gastroenterology, I have not had the opportunity to treat a single patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica. I agree that the halogenated hydroxyquinolines are the drug of choice for this condition. It may be of interest that approximately 15% of all my new referrals are infants or school-age children with irritable colon syndrome as described by Murray Davidson and others.

Some Contemporary Approaches in Treating Fluency Disorders in Preschool, School-Age, and Adolescent Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Meyers Fosnot
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

This clinical forum focuses on the treatment of preschool and school-age children who stutter. It was developed to provide school clinicians with an up-to-date summary of current intervention strategies and procedures. The articles were written by established scholars in the field who have specialized experience and have presented their therapy ideas nationally and internationally within the past 5 years. These contributors have published a number of articles, books, and programs on the assessment and treatment of fluency disorders spanning a wide range of ages from preschool to the adolescent school-age years.

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