Complex Trauma and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Clinical Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette D. Hyter
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Complex trauma resulting from chronic maltreatment and prenatal alcohol exposure can significantly affect child development and academic outcomes. Children with histories of maltreatment and those with prenatal alcohol exposure exhibit remarkably similar central nervous system impairments. In this article, I will review the effects of each on the brain and discuss clinical implications for these populations of children.

scholarly journals Severe Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
N. K. Sujay ◽  
Matthew Jones ◽  
Emma Whittle ◽  
Helen Murphy ◽  
Marcus K. H. Auth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Gastrooesophageal Reflux

Prenatal alcohol exposure may have adverse effects on the developing foetus resulting in significant growth restriction, characteristic craniofacial features, and central nervous system dysfunction. The toxic effects of alcohol on the developing brain are well recognised. However, little is known about the effects of alcohol on the developing gastrointestinal tract or their mechanism. There are few case reports showing an association between foetal alcohol syndrome and gastrointestinal neuropathy. We report a rare association between foetal alcohol syndrome and severe gastrooesophageal reflux disease in an infant who ultimately required fundoplication to optimise her growth and nutrition. The child had failed to respond to maximal medical treatment (domperidone and omeprazole), high calorie feeds, PEG feeding, or total parenteral nutrition. The effect of alcohol on the developing foetus is not limited to the central nervous system but also can have varied and devastating effects on the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Rats Diminishes Postnatal Cxcl16 Chemokine Ligand Brain Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Pedro Juárez-Rodríguez ◽  
Marisol Godínez-Rubí ◽  
Carolina Guzmán-Brambila ◽  
Edgar Padilla-Velarde ◽  
Arturo Orozco-Barocio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
Rat Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
The Brain

Maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy is one of the main causes of Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) produces several adverse manifestations. Even low or moderate intake has been associated with long-lasting behavioral and cognitive impairment in offspring. In this study we examined the gene expression profile in the rat nucleus accumbens using microarrays, comparing animals exposed prenatally to ethanol and controls. Microarray gene expression showed an overall downward regulatory effect of PAE. Gene cluster analysis reveals that the gene groups most affected are related to transcription regulation, transcription factors and homeobox genes. We focus on the expression of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (Cxcl16) which was differentially expressed. There is a significant reduction in the expression of this chemokine throughout the brain under PAE conditions, evidenced here by quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Chemokines are involved in neuroprotection and implicated in alcohol-induced brain damage and neuroinflammation in the developing central nervous system (CNS), therefore, the significance of the overall decrease in Cxcl16 expression in the brain as a consequence of PAE may reflect a reduced ability in neuroprotection against subsequent conditions, such as excitotoxic damage, inflammatory processes or even hypoxic-ischemic insult.

Myelin Water Fraction Imaging of the Brain in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn McLachlan ◽  
Irene Vavasour ◽  
Alex MacKay ◽  
Ursula Brain ◽  
Tim Oberlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Myelin Water Fraction ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Childhood Academic Outcomes: Contrasting Maternal and Paternal Associations in the ALSPAC Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e74844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Alati ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Sarah J. Lewis ◽  
Kapil Sayal ◽  
Elizabeth S. Draper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Moore ◽  
Yingjing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) interferes with neurodevelopment. The brain is particularly susceptible to the adverse consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, and numerous studies have documented changes to brain anatomy and function, as well as consequences for cognition, behavior, and mental health. Studies in typically developing individuals have shown that the brain undergoes dynamic developmental processes over an individual’s lifespan. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have shown that their developmental trajectories differ from the typical pattern. Therefore, to understand long-term clinical outcomes of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), it is necessary to investigate changes in neurodevelopmental trajectories in this population. Here we review studies that have used MRI to evaluate changes in brain structure and function over time via cross-sectional or longitudinal methods in individuals with PAE. Research demonstrates that individuals with PAE have atypical cortical and white matter microstructural developmental trajectories through childhood and adolescence. More research is needed to understand how factors such as sex and postnatal experiences may further mediate these trajectories. Furthermore, nothing is known about the trajectories beyond young adulthood.

Developmental Research in Behavioral Teratology: Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Child Development

1994 ◽  
pp. 67-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Carmichael Olson ◽  
Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth ◽  
Fred L. Bookstein ◽  
Helen M. Barr ◽  
Paul D. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Behavioral Teratology ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic Acid: Outlining the Therapeutic Nutrient Potential to Combat the Prenatal Alcohol-Induced Insults on Brain Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A Feltham ◽  
Xavier L Louis ◽  
Michael N A Eskin ◽  
Miyoung Suh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Brain development is markedly affected by prenatal alcohol exposure, leading to cognitive and behavioral problems in the children. Protecting neuronal damage from prenatal alcohol could improve neural connections and functioning of the brain. DHA, a n–3 (ω-3) long-chain PUFA, is involved in the development of neurons. Insufficient concentrations of DHA impair neuronal development and plasticity of synaptic junctions and affect neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy decreases the maternal DHA status and reduces the placental transfer of DHA to the fetus, resulting in less DHA being available for brain development. It is important to know whether DHA could induce beneficial effects on various physiological functions that promote neuronal development. This review will discuss the current evidence for the beneficial role of DHA in protecting against neuronal damage and its potential in mitigating the teratogenic effects of alcohol.

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