Toward a Speech Sciences Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Donald Finan ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Mandated Curriculum ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Speech Science

The history of speech-language pathology as a profession encompasses a tradition of knowledge generation. In recent years, the quantity of speech science research and the presence of speech scientists within the domain of the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) has diminished, even as ASHA membership and the size of the ASHA Convention have grown dramatically. The professional discipline of speech science has become increasingly fragmented, yet speech science coursework is an integral part of the mandated curriculum. Establishing an active, vibrant community structure will serve to aid researchers, educators, and clinicians as they work in the common area of speech science.

Special Considerations for Evaluation and Treatment of Spanish-Speaking Patients with Cleft Palate

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ellen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Speaking Population

As the Spanish-speaking population in the United States continues to grow, there is increasing need for culturally competent and linguistically appropriate treatment across the field of speech-language pathology. This paper reviews information relevant to the evaluation and treatment of Spanish-speaking and Spanish-English bilingual children with a history of cleft palate. The phonetics and phonology of Spanish are reviewed and contrasted with English, with a focus on oral pressure consonants. Cultural factors and bilingualism are discussed briefly. Finally, practical strategies for evaluation and treatment are presented. Information is presented for monolingual and bilingual speech-language pathologists, both in the community and on cleft palate teams.

scholarly journals ‘A Local Habitation and a Name’: The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute and the Evolution of Dublin’s Public Sphere, 1824–1904

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Abbey Theatre ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Common Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute (1824–1919), like others of its kind, was established with the declared purpose of providing technical education to the city’s working classes. While its educational objectives were at best partially achieved, the Institute made a significant contribution to the development of Dublin’s public sphere. Especially after 1848, when the Institute acquired the building that would later become the Abbey Theatre, its premises became a hybrid space where the lower middle and working classes could not only attend courses and lectures, but also receive political training on the managing board, organise their own public events at the lecture hall and negotiate relations with their ‘social betters’ in the common area of the reading room. This article looks at the Dublin Mechanics’ Institute through the different venues it occupied between 1824 and 1904, in order to examine the connection between the provision and regulation of physical space and the development of civic and political culture. It argues that the Institute, far from representing a history of failure, must be understood as a key piece in the incorporation of the lower middle and working classes to Irish civic life during the middle decades of the nineteenth century.

Don't Blow This Therapy Session!

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Lof ◽  
Dennis Ruscello
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Motor Exercises

Blowing exercises and other nonspeech oral motor exercises (NSOMEs) are commonly used therapeutic techniques for children with repaired cleft palate and velopharyngeal inadequacy. Blowing exercises have a long history in the field, dating back to the early days of speech-language pathology when clinicians relied upon expert opinion to influence clinical practice. However, for more than 60 years, NSOMEs such as blowing have been questioned and many empirical studies have been conducted that demonstrate the ineffectiveness of these exercises. This article provides reasons why NSOMEs, mainly blowing, should not be used in therapy. It also traces the history of blowing exercises and then summarizes some of the seminal research articles that show that they do not work. Effective evidence-based treatments for compensatory errors are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Is Laryngeal Hypersensitivity the Basis for Unexplained or Refractory Chronic Cough?

2021 ◽  
pp. 00793-2020
Author(s):  
Krishna M. Sundar ◽  
Amanda Carole Stark ◽  
Nan Hu ◽  
Julie Barkmeier-Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Leicester Cough Questionnaire ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Over 40 Years

BackgroundRefractory chronic cough (RCC) and unexplained chronic cough (UCC) are common problems seen in primary care and subspecialty clinics. The role of cough hypersensitivity and laryngeal dysfunction in contributing to the persistence of cough in RCC/UCC is not well recognised.MethodsData of patients with RCC and UCC evaluated in 2019 by an interdisciplinary cough clinic led by a pulmonologist and speech-language pathology team was reviewed. Patients completed validated questionnaires including the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ), voice handicap index (VHI) and dyspnea index questionnaire (DI) at initial encounter. Presence of cough hypersensitivity was based upon a history of allotussia and hypertussia. Laryngeal dysfunction was diagnosed in those with a history of laryngeal paresthesias, throat clearing, voice abnormalities, upper airway dyspnoea and documentation of functional or anatomic laryngeal abnormalities on nasoendoscopy.FindingsOf the 60 UCC/RCC patients analysed, 75% of patients were female and 85% were over 40 years of age. Cough hypersensitivity was documented in all patients and multiple cough triggers occurred in 75% of patients. 95%, 50% and 25% of patients reported laryngeal paresthesias, voice abnormalities and upper airway dyspnoea, respectively. Significant associations between LCQ and VHI and DI scores occurred when adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity and body mass index. Laryngeal functional abnormalities were documented on 44/60 patients on nasoendoscopy.InterpretationHypertussia, allotussia and laryngeal dysfunction are common in patients with RCC and UCC. Evaluation of UCC and RCC can delineate laryngeal hypersensitivity and allows appropriate treatment to be directed at this phenotype.

scholarly journals Governing the Voice: A Critical History of Speech-Language Pathology

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua St. Pierre ◽  
Charis St. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Simple Economic

This essay argues that Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) emerged as a response to the early twentieth-century demand for docile, efficient, and thus productive speech. As the capacity of speech became more central to the industrial and democratic operations of modern society, an apparatus was needed to bring speech under the fold of biopower. Beyond simple economic productivity, the importance of SLP lies in opening the speaking subject up to management and normalization—creating, in short, biopolitical subjects of communication. We argue that SLP accordingly emerged not as a discreet institution, but as a set of practices which can be clustered under three headings: calculating deviance, disciplining the tongue, and speaking the truth of pathologized subjects. 

Teaching AAC in the Online Environment: Methods and Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Carole Zangari
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
Clinical Educators ◽  
The Face ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Common

Abstract The evolution of online education has some parallels with the development of the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). It has taken some time for professionals in the broader fields of education, higher education, and speech-language pathology to seriously consider its potential contribution. Like AAC, online education was initially viewed with skepticism, but is now almost commonplace. In the face of data that affirm the effectiveness of online instruction, clinical educators are increasingly turning their attention to identifying and employing best practices to improve the learning outcomes of their students. The purpose of this article is to explore some of the common features of online education that hold promise for the AAC field. We also will discuss challenges faced by online instructors and strategies for addressing them.

scholarly journals Speech-language pathology findings in patients with mouth breathing: Multidisciplinary diagnosis according to etiology

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Patricia Junqueira ◽  
◽  
Irene Marchesan ◽  
Luciana Regina de Oliveira ◽  
Emilio Ciccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adenoidal Hypertrophy ◽  
Rest Posture

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the results of the findings from speech-language pathology evaluations for orofacial function including tongue and lip rest postures, tonus, articulation and speech, voice and language, chewing, and deglutition in children who had a history of mouth breathing. The diagnoses for mouth breathing included: allergic rhinitis, adenoidal hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis with adenoidal hypertrophy; and/or functional mouth breathing. This study was conducted with on 414 subjects of both genders, from 2 to 16-years old. A team consisting of 3 speech-language pathologists, 1 pediatrician, 1allergist, and 1 otolaryngologist, evaluated the patients. Multidisciplinary clinical examinations were carried out (complete blood counting, X-rays, nasofibroscopy, audiometry). The two most commonly found etiologies were allergic rhinitis, followed by functional mouth breathing. Of the 414 patients in the study, 346 received a speech-language pathology evaluation. The most prevalent finding in this group of 346 subjects was the presence of orofacial myofunctional disorders. The most frequently orofacial myofunctional disorder identified in these subjects who also presented mouth breathing included: habitual open lips rest posture, low and forward tongue rest posture and lack of adequate muscle tone. There were also no statistically significant relationships identified between etiology and speech-language diagnosis. Therefore, the specific type of etiology of mouth breathing does not appear to contribute to the presence, type, or number of speech-language findings which may result from mouth breathing behavior.

scholarly journals Speech, Language and Hearing Science at the Federal University of Bahia: a historical approach

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Catrini ◽  
Yukari Figueroa Mise ◽  
Viviane Pires
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Demands

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate, from a historical perspective, the path that led to the creation of the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Undergraduate Program of the Federal University of Bahia. Methods: this qualitative, cross-sectional study adopts an oral history methodology, using document analysis and interviews. Results: a narrative was developed, bringing to light the history of this program and pointing to specificities that involve the training in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology offered by UFBA. It also highlights the collaboration given by the student activist movement to these accomplishments. Conclusion: the results of this research comprise a memory that can contribute to an in-depth reflection of the training in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology in Brazil, making evident, in the process, the inseparability between educational and health demands.

Hearing and Believing

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray D. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Central Tool

Speech-language pathology relies on auditory-perceptual judgment as a central tool for classifying and measuring a variety of disorders of communication. Over the history of the field, a great deal has been written about the use of perceptual judgments for research and clinical practice. Auditory-perceptual methods carry strong advantages of convenience, economy, and robustness, but it is also clear that these judgments are susceptible to a variety of sources of error and bias. Awareness of these threats to validity and reliability is a major step in the effective and refined use of perceptual methods. Several common themes are evident in contemporary research on the perceptual assessment of voice disorders, stuttering, dysarthria, aphasia, and apraxia of speech. These five disorders are taken as primary foci in a discussion that (a) identifies threats to reliability and validity, and (b) offers suggestions for the improvement of auditory-perceptual methods, whether used alone or in combination with instrumental techniques.

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