Influence of formaline cresol on bond strength of adhesive luting agents to dentin

SUMMARY Objective: The object of this study was to evaluate the simulated pulpal pressure (SPP) and immediate dentin sealing technique (IDS) effects on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of interfaces produced by different luting agents. Methods and Materials: Two self-adhesive luting agents (RelyX Unicem [UC] and Clearfil SA Luting [SA]) and two conventional luting agents (Rely X ARC [RX] and Panavia F [PF]) were evaluated. Eighty human molars were divided in four groups according to luting agents. Each group was subdivided according to SPP (with or without) and dentin sealing (immediate or delayed) using Clearfil SE Bond (n=5). After IDS was performed, specimens were stored in water for seven days before luting procedures. Composite blocks were luted according to the manufacturers' instructions. One half of the specimens were subjected to 15 cm H2O of hydrostatic pressure for 24 hours before cementation procedures and continued for 24 hours afterward. Then, restored teeth were sectioned into beams and tested in tension. Two additional teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage evaluation with scanning electron microscopy. Bond strength data were statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: μTBS of RX decreased when it was subjected to SPP without IDS. However, in the same conditions, μTBS of UC increased. The IDS prevented negative influence of SPP on μTBS of RX and PF; however, a decrease in μTBS of SA and UC was observed. Except for RX, IDS increased μTBS for all resin cements. Conclusion: Independent of SPP, the IDS technique obtained higher μTBS for PF, SA, and UC and did not influence RX μTBS.

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Effect of Long-term Simulated Pulpal Pressure on the Bond Strength and Nanoleakage of Resin-luting Agents With Different Bonding Strategies

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/13-078 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 508-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

RS de Alexandre ◽

VB Santana ◽

AC Kasaz ◽

CAG Arrais ◽

JA Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Silver Deposition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Adhesive Luting ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Electron Microscopes

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effects of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure (SPP) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin and nanoleakage patterns produced by self-adhesive luting agents after 12 months. Three self-adhesive luting agents (RelyX Unicem [UN], RelyX U100 [UC], and Clearfil SA Luting [SA]) and three conventional luting agents (Rely X ARC [RX], Panavia F [PF], and a two-step self-etching adhesive system [Clearfil SE Bond] associated with Panavia F [PS]) were evaluated. One hundred twenty-three human molars were abraded to expose occlusal surfaces. Resin cements were used to lute cylindrical composite blocks to the teeth either subjected or not to SPP. Sixty specimens were subjected to 15 cm H2O of SPP for 24 hours before and 24 hours or 12 months after cementation procedures. Afterward, restored teeth were serially sectioned into beams with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2 at the bonded interface and were tested in tension (cross-head speed of 1 mm/min). Failure mode was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (p=0.05). Two additional teeth in each group were serially sectioned into 0.9-mm-thick slabs, which were submitted to a nanoleakage protocol with AgNO3 and analyzed with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The μTBS values of the etch-and-rinse group (RX) were negatively influenced by SPP and long-term water storage with SPP. After 12 months, UC and SA presented premature failures in all specimens when submitted to SPP. SPP increased silver deposition in most groups in both evaluation times. The hydrostatic pulpal pressure effect was material dependent. The storage time without SPP did not affect bond strength. However, long-term SPP influenced the performance of the etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive cements regarding μTBS and nanoleakage pattern, except to UN.

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Bond Strength Evaluation of Three Self-adhesive Luting Systems Used for Cementing Composite and Porcelain

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/10-205-l ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 626-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F De Angelis ◽

A Minnoni ◽

LM Vitalone ◽

F Carluccio ◽

M Vadini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Strength Evaluation ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Adhesive Luting

Clinical Relevance Although all self-adhesive systems give improved handling and ease of use compared to traditional multi-step adhesive cements, clinicians should still consider self-adhesive cements as a heterogeneous category of luting agents that need to be better classified in terms of bond strength and chemical/mechanical properties.

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The Influence of Luting Systems on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Dentin to Indirect Resin-based Composite and Ceramic Restorations

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/08-101 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 328-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C. D'Arcangelo ◽

F. De Angelis ◽

M. D'Amario ◽

S. Zazzeroni ◽

C. Ciampoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Glass Ceramic ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

The Self ◽

Microtensile Bond Strength ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Adhesive Luting ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Ceramic Restorations ◽

Self Etch

Clinical Relevance Compared to self-etch and self-adhesive luting systems, the two etch-and-rinse luting agents evaluated in the current study provided more reliable bonding when used to bond indirect resin-based composite restorations to sound dentin. On the contrary, the self-adhesive luting system showed the highest mean bond strength for the cementation of glass ceramic restorations.

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Bonding of Adhesive Luting Agents to Caries-affected Dentin Induced by a Microcosm Biofilm Model

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-169-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. E102-E111 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

AC Peixoto ◽

AA Bicalho ◽

CP Isolan ◽

TT Maske ◽

RR Moraes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elastic Modulus ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Strength Test ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Adhesive Luting

SUMMARY Objectives To evaluate the bond strength of adhesive luting agents applied to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Methods Thirty-six noncarious human third molars were abraded to expose an occlusal dentin surface. Caries lesions were induced in half of the samples using a microcosm biofilm model. Biofilm was cultivated under an anaerobic atmosphere for 14 days in a medium enriched with mucin. The same medium containing 1% sucrose was alternated for 4 hours per day. Cylinders of resin cement (RelyX ARC, RelyX U200, or BisCem) were built up over the dentin substrate and submitted to shear bond load. The samples were then longitudinally sectioned. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin were measured at different depths from the occlusal surface. A three-dimensional finite element simulation was performed to analyze the residual stress distribution during the shear bond strength test. Bond strength data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hardness and elastic modulus by split-plot ANOVA. Multiple comparisons were performed with the SNK test (α=0.05). Results For all cements, the highest bond strengths were observed in sound dentin. Relyx ARC bond strength was similar to that of RelyX U200 for both substrates; BisCem had the lowest values. CAD had lower hardness (above a depth of 100 μm) and elastic modulus (above a depth of 150 μm) values than sound dentin. Stress distribution during the bond strength test was similar under all experimental conditions. Conclusion Impairment of the mechanical properties of dentin promoted by carious lesions reduced the bond strength of adhesive luting agents.

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Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Bond Strength of Nickel-Chromium Alloy to Dental Enamel Using Different Resin Cements – An In Vitro Study.

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 170-176

Author(s):

Manjit Kumar ◽

Abhishek Gupta ◽

Vandana Chabhra ◽

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Tensile Bond Strength ◽

Chromium Alloy ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Adhesive Luting ◽

Self Etch

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength of nickel-chromium alloy to dental enamel by using four different resin cements. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted central incisor teeth embedded in acrylic blocks were flattened not to expose dentin. Wax rectangular blocks of 5 mm length, 5 mm width and 1 mm height with a loop were invested and casted using Nickel-Chromium alloy by conventional induction casting method and sandblasted. Then casted rectangular blocks and 40 tooth embedded acrylic samples were divided into four groups (10 each) and cemented to tooth enamel following manufacturer's instructions as; GroupAcemented using RelyX U200, Group B cemented using Smartcem 2, Group C cemented using Multilink Speed and Group D cemented using Multilink N and then stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours. The direct pull tensile test was carried out on Universal Testing Machine at cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. Results: One way ANOVA showed a highly statistically significant (p<.01) difference between all the four resin cements. Post Hoc Tests- Multiple comparisons showed highly statistically significant (p< 0.01) difference between RelyX U200: Multilink N, Smartcem 2: Multilink Speed, Smartcem 2: Multilink N, Multilink Speed: Multilink N. Difference between RelyX U200 : Smartcem 2 and RelyX U200 : Multilink Speed was statistically significant(p< 0.05). Conclusion: Self etch resin cement (Multilink N) showed maximum mean tensile bond strength as compared to self-adhesive resin cements (Smartcem 2, RelyX U200 and Multilink Speed). Clinically the greatest advantage of self-adhesive cements is the easy and fast application technique. But this time saving technique is not as effective as self-etch resin luting agents. The presumed benefit of saving time with self-adhesive luting agents may only be realized at the expense of compromising bond strength.

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Bond Strength of Adhesive Luting Agents to Caries-affected Dentin

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/13-062-l ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CT Rocha ◽

AL Faria-e-Silva ◽

AC Peixoto

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Adhesive Luting ◽

Before And After ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

SUMMARY Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of adhesive luting agents to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Methods: Forty human molars were sectioned to create dental slices presenting exposed occlusal dentin. Half of the samples were submitted to eight caries-induction demineralizing/mineralizing cycles. The pH-cycling model consisted of three hours in a demineralizing solution followed by 45 hours of immersion in a mineralizing solution. Dentin hardness was measured before and after the pH cycling. Resin cement cylinders were built up over the dentin surface using RelyX Unicem or RelyX ARC/Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus. The cement cylinders were submitted to shear load, and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p<0.05). Hardness data were also submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The relationship of hardness vs bond strength was assessed via nonlinear regression analysis. Results: Sound dentin (tested and used in caries induction) showed similar values of hardness and were superior to CAD. Both resin cements showed higher bond strength to sound dentin than to CAD. Independent of substrate, RelyX ARC showed the highest values of bond strength. A positive linear relationship between dentin hardness and bond strength was observed for both cements evaluated. Conclusions: The adhesive luting agents evaluated showed lower bond strength to CAD.

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