Lack of concordance between mtDNA gene flow and population density fluctuations in the bank vole

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Stacy ◽  
P. E. Jorde ◽  
H. Steen ◽  
R. A. Ims ◽  
A. Purvis ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubois Adelaïde ◽  
Maxime Galan ◽  
Jean-François Cosson ◽  
Bertrand Gauffre ◽  
Heikki Henttonen ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how host dynamics, including variations of population size and dispersal, may affect the epidemiology of infectious diseases through ecological and evolutionary processes is an active research area. Here we focus on a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) metapopulation surveyed in Finland between 2005 and 2009. Bank vole is the reservoir of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), the agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal symptom) in humans.M glareoluspopulations experience multiannual density fluctuations that may influence the level of genetic diversity maintained in bank voles, PUUV prevalence and NE occurrence. We examine bank vole metapopulation genetics at presumably neutral markers and immune-related genes involved in susceptibility to PUUV (Tnf-promoter,Mhc-Drb, Tlr4,Tlr7andMx2gene) to investigate the links between population dynamics, microevolutionary processes and PUUV epidemiology. We show that genetic drift slightly and transiently affects neutral and adaptive genetic variability within the metapopulation. Gene flow seems to counterbalance its effects during the multiannual density fluctuations. The low abundance phase may therefore be too short to impact genetic variation in the host, and consequently viral genetic diversity. Environmental heterogeneity does not seem to affect vole gene flow, which might explain the absence of spatial structure previously detected in PUUV in this area. Besides, our results suggest the role of vole dispersal on PUUV circulation through sex-specific and density-dependent movements. We find little evidence of selection acting on immune-related genes within this metapopulation. Footprint of positive selection is detected atTlr-4gene in 2008 only. We observe marginally significant associations betweenMhc-Drbhaplotypes and PUUV serology, and betweenMx2genotype and PUUV genogroups. These results show that microevolutionary changes and PUUV epidemiology in this metapopulation are mainly driven by neutral processes, although the relative effects of neutral and adaptive forces could vary temporally with density fluctuations.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ortiz ◽  
Ernesto E Juan ◽  
Marina B Chiappero ◽  
Cristina N Gardenal ◽  
María C Provensal ◽  
...  

Abstract The long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) experiences marked population density fluctuations. This species is the major reservoir of the Andes orthohantavirus associated with the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern Argentina, and information on dispersal patterns at different population densities, or differences in dispersal between the sexes during those periods, could contribute to understanding risk of viral transmission among individuals. We examined the spatial genetic structure of O. longicaudatus at a local scale to elucidate how variation in population density influences dispersal patterns. Effective dispersal levels were estimated through spatial genetic autocorrelation (SGA) analyses in periods of different density, and for females and males separately, within an area of 510 × 180 m, using seven microsatellite loci. In autumn (high-intermediate and intermediate densities), SGA was primarily determined by females, which show philopatric behavior in defense of their nests and newborns. In summer (low density), neither sex showed SGA, which could be due to spacing behavior combined with high recruitment rates among adjacent environments. At high-intermediate densities, females remained close to each other, contracting their home ranges. These established individuals would “fence” the area, preventing the immigration of individuals from proximate areas, until population density declines again. We detected differential patterns of effective dispersal for both sexes in different stages of the annual and inter-annual population phases of O. longicaudatus. Since high levels of gene flow were reported for both sexes in summer and for males in all analyzed seasons, the transmission risk of diseases such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome would be high at a local scale. La densidad poblacional del ratón “colilargo” Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) experimenta marcadas fluctuaciones. Esta especie es el principal reservorio del ortohantavirus Andes, asociado con el síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus en el sur de Argentina. El conocimiento sobre los patrones de dispersión a diferentes densidades poblacionales y entre los sexos durante esos períodos, podría contribuir a evaluar el riesgo de transmisión viral entre individuos. Examinamos la estructura genética espacial de O. longicaudatus a escala local para determinar de qué manera las variaciones en la densidad poblacional influyen sobre los patrones de dispersión del roedor. Los niveles de dispersión efectiva se estimaron mediante análisis de autocorrelación genética espacial (AGE) utilizando siete loci de microsatélites, dentro de un área de 510 × 180 m. Los análisis se hicieron en distintos períodos de densidad para la población general y para hembras y machos por separado. En otoño (densidad alta-intermedia e intermedia), la AGE estuvo determinada principalmente por las hembras, lo que podría explicarse por su comportamiento filopátrico en relación a la defensa de sus nidos y crías. En verano (baja densidad), ninguno de los sexos mostró AGE, debido a un comportamiento de espaciamiento combinado con altas tasas de reclutamiento entre ambientes adyacentes con diferentes recursos. A densidades altas-intermedias, las hembras permanecieron cerca una de la otra, contrayendo su área de acción. Estos individuos cercarían el área, evitando la inmigración de individuos de áreas cercanas, hasta que la densidad poblacional disminuya nuevamente. Detectamos patrones diferenciales de dispersión efectiva para ambos sexos en cada una de las fases de densidad poblacional (anual e interanual) de O. longicaudatus. El riesgo de transmisión del síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus sería elevado a escala local, dado que se detectaron altos niveles de flujo génico para ambos sexos en verano y para los machos en todas las estaciones analizadas.


2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana A Eccard ◽  
Hannu Ylönen

We studied factors causing variation in the initiation of reproduction after winter in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), an iteroparous seasonal breeder, by offering different winter food supplements and monitoring local density variation. We used either sunflower seeds or barley to supplement the diet of populations of bank voles in grassland enclosures. In a parallel experiment we used spruce seeds, a natural winter food, to supplement the diet of bank vole populations in unfenced spruce forest. Survival, maturation, and breeding were monitored by livetrapping. Population density decreased during winter in grassland enclosures and remained constant in the forest, with no difference between food treatments. Breeding was initiated earlier in the grassland enclosures than in the forest, probably because of the supplemental food supply in both seed treatments and social and environmental stability in enclosures. Within both experiments, we found no differences in timing of parturition between food treatments. Inter actions of food treatment with density of females influenced the time of initiation of breeding in both experiments. At low densities, breeding started up to 1 month earlier than the population average. At high densities, a proportion of females did not breed during spring. Massive food supplements advanced the initiation of breeding, but among animals with similar food supplies, local population density seemed to have stronger regulatory effects. Local density variations may therefore create asynchronous breeding patterns within populations under similar wintering conditions.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Biello ◽  
Andrea Brunelli ◽  
Giulia Sozio ◽  
Katja Havenstein ◽  
Alessio Mortelliti ◽  
...  

AbstractHabitat fragmentation related to human activities modifies the distribution and the demographic trajectory of a species, often leading to genetic erosion and increased extinction risks. Understanding the impact of fragmentation on different species that co-exist in the same area becomes extremely important. Here we estimated the impact produced by different natural and anthropic landscape features on gene flow patterns in two sympatric species sampled in the same locations. Our main goal was to identify shared and private factors in the comparison among species. 199 bank voles and 194 wood mice were collected in 15 woodlands in a fragmented landscape, and genotyped at 8 and 7 microsatellites, respectively. Genetic variation and structure were analysed with standard approaches. Effective migration surfaces, isolation by resistance analysis, and regression with randomization were used to study isolation by distance and to estimate the relative importance of land cover elements on gene flow. Genetic structure was similarly affected by isolation by distance in these species, but the isolation-by-resistance analysis suggests that i) the wood mouse has constrained patterns of dispersal across woodland patches and facilitated connectivity in cultivated areas; ii) the bank vole connectivity is hindered by urban areas, while permeability is facilitated by the presence of woodlands, and cultivated terrains. Habitat loss and fragmentation can therefore influence genetic structure of small sympatric mammal species in different ways, and predicting the genetic consequences of these events using only one species may be misleading.


1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 979-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Jones ◽  
Jaime Plaza ◽  
Iain Watt ◽  
Mahmoud al Sanei

ABSTRACT Five months after the impact of oil on the shores of Dawhat ad Dafi and Dawhat al Musallamiya, long-term biological monitoring was initiated on permanent transects (PTL) on representative habitats and similar but uncontaminated control habitats outside the area. Upper shore biota was virtually eliminated on all oiled shores, while lower shores showed a 60 to 90 percent mortality, depending on the substrate type. By September 1994, species diversity comparable to that of controls was present on the mid and lower regions of impacted shores. Abundances are still generally lower for most species on affected shores, and abnormal population density fluctuations for some species are still apparent.


2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 3214-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Gauffre ◽  
Karine Berthier ◽  
Pablo Inchausti ◽  
Yannick Chaval ◽  
Vincent Bretagnolle ◽  
...  

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