scholarly journals The effect of population density on gene flow between adult trees and the seedling bank in Abies alba Mill.

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
J. Paluch ◽  
M. Zarek ◽  
M. Kempf
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Seedling Bank ◽  
Adult Trees

Relative abundance and potential dispersal range of intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in pure and mixed forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In Europe the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. includes the S, P, and F intersterility groups (ISGs), each displaying a preferential specialization on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), pine, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), respectively. In this paper, we present data about (i) H. annosum ISGs frequency in different forest types, (ii) the degree of host specificity of each ISG, (iii) the significance of the potential movement of airborne spores among forests, and (iv) the occurrence of S–P chimeras in the northwestern Alps. Using woody spore traps, we sampled natural pure spruce and fir forests and a mixed spruce-fir forest. The ISG of 582 spores was determined by ISG-diagnostic taxon-specific competitive priming (TSCP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with PCR-mediated detection of ISG-specific introns in the ML5–ML6 DNA region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA). All three ISGs were found, and a strong correlation was observed between the F ISG and fir and the S ISG and spruce. In the mixed forest, no clear relationship between tree host species and host-specialized ISGs was found. In spite of a relative dominance of fir in the overstory of the mixed stand, the fir-associated F ISG represented only 11% of the total number of spores collected. This discrepancy was explained by the recent establishment of firs at this site. No S–P nuclear-mitochondrial chimeras were found. This suggests limited gene flow between these ISGs.Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, host specificity, ISGs, gene flow, PCR, Alps.

Chloroplast microsatellites as markers for paternity analysis in Abies alba

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ziegenhagen ◽  
F Scholz ◽  
A Madaghiele ◽  
G G Vendramin
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Endangered Population

This study describes the application of previously characterized chloroplast microsatellites as markers for paternity analysis in a conifer species. The investigations were performed on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) relic trees in an endangered population of the Ore Mountains (Germany). Two relatively isolated adult trees about 30 m apart, as well as 24 naturally regenerated young trees in their direct neighborhood, were analyzed at two chloroplast microsatellite loci. Results reveal the potential usefulness of the markers for paternity analysis.

Hybridization and the reproductive pathways mediating gene flow between nativeMalus coronariaand domestic apple,M. domestica

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kron ◽  
Brian C. Husband
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

Gene flow from crops to wild populations is of increasing scientific and public interest, but the potential effects are not well understood when taxa differ in ploidy. We examined the potential for hybridization and gene flow between the introduced diploid domestic apple, Malus domestica Borkh., and the tetraploid crabapple, Malus coronaria (L.) Miller. Using ploidy and isozyme markers, we inferred the incidence of hybrids in natural populations (adults and open-pollinated seed) and in controlled crosses. Geographic range and flowering time overlapped sufficiently for cross-pollination between domestic apple and M. coronaria. Heterospecific crosses produced as many fruit and seeds as conspecific pollinations on M. coronaria mothers. Some seeds from heterospecific pollinations were hybrids, while others were apomictic in origin. In a natural population, all adult trees tested were tetraploid, but open-pollinated seeds varied in ploidy: 57% tetraploid (sexual or apomictic); 7.7% diploid (apomictic); 7.4% hexaploid or octaploid (sexual); and 27.5% triploid or pentaploid hybrids. Despite previous reports showing that the native and introduced gene pools remain distinct, the high proportion of hybrid seeds suggests there is significant potential for gene flow from domestic apples into native M. coronaria populations.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Anisoptera costata Korth in Tan Phu tropical forest, Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai province

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dang Phan Hien ◽  
Nguyen Minh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Phan Lan Hong ◽  
Bui Thi Tuyet Xuan ◽  
Vu Dinh Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Over Exploitation

Anisoptera costata Korth, an endangered species is distributed in lowland tropical forests of southern Vietnam. Habitat loss and over-exploitation are the major reasons for threatening this species. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to analyze 64 adult trees from three A. costata populations in lowland tropical forests of Tan Phu, Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai Province in Southeast Vietnam to detect the effects of deforestation on gene flow and the differentiation among populations in lowland tropical forests. The results showed that all A. costata populations have the moderate levels of the genetic diversity within populations with mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities, 0.242 and 0.269, respectively, moderate genetic differentiation among A. costata populations (0.179), and indicating limited gene flow (Nm = 1.15). Analysis of molecular variance indicated high genetic variation within populations (64.68%) and indicating moderate genetic structure in A. costata in Tan Phu. Bayesian analysis detected two genetic lineages, cluster 1 including one population of Mieu Co Nam and cluster 2 including two populations, Thac Mai and Bau Nuoc. These results contribute understanding genetic diversity of A. costata in lowland forests of Southeastern Vietnam and will provide guidelines for conservation, management and resoration of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in rosewood saplings (Aniba rosaeodora ducke, Lauraceae): an ecological approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Pereira Santos ◽  
Wilson Roberto Spironello ◽  
Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
High Level

This article takes an ecological approach to the genetic diversity of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) in a central Amazonian terra firme forest north of Manaus. Planted Rosewood setting, under partial shaded canopy, were assessed in terms of fruiting production, frugivory, and seed dispersal. Using RAPD molecular analysis procedures, the influence of the spatial distribution of adult trees on the genetic diversity (polymorphism) of saplings was assessed with genetic samples from 34 reproductive trees and 60 saplings. The density and distribution patterns the reproductive trees did not modify the sapling"s diversity (1.86%, AMOVA). Two types of adult tree dispersion were identified; i) clumped and ii) more widely dispersed. Polymorphism (77.5%) and gene flow were high between these. Although more sapling genetic variability in areas with a higher density of mature plants was not as high as expected, density did not affect the genetic diversity of samplings, indicating a high incidence of gene flow amongst trees. In planted Rosewood population (surrounded by low disturbed forest), fruiting trees experienced a high level of removal of seeds by toucans (Rhamphastidae), about of 50%. The high gene flow found among native trees suggested that toucans, promoting seed rain at short and long distances from maternal trees, actively contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity within wild rosewood populations.

Effective gene flow in a historically fragmented area at the southern edge of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Leonarduzzi ◽  
Andrea Piotti ◽  
Ilaria Spanu ◽  
Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir

Lack of concordance between mtDNA gene flow and population density fluctuations in the bank vole

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Stacy ◽  
P. E. Jorde ◽  
H. Steen ◽  
R. A. Ims ◽  
A. Purvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Density Fluctuations

POPULATION GENETICS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHICAL AND POPULATION DENSITY DIFFERENCES

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Starch Gels ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

AbstractCollections (68) of spruce budworm from 33 locations from Newfoundland to Alaska were analysed for isozyme frequencies using horizontal starch gels. Collections represented pre-, early-, mid-, late-, and post-outbreak stages of several populations in balsam fir, white spruce, and mixed host forests, as well as successive annual collections at several locations. Isozymes were measured at 11 loci in mature larvae and at six loci in pheromone-trapped males; frequencies were essentially the same in both stages, and from all host species. Three loci (IDH-2, LDH-1, and AAT-1) were found to be sex-linked, with no heterozygotes in females. Mean percentage heterozygosity ranged from 13.2 to 23.1; at individual locations it tended to decrease over successive years of outbreak and over successive collections in the same year. Contingency chi-square analysis indicated small differences related to location and outbreak history but all populations were generally homogeneous over the entire range. Nevertheless, one allozyme of AAT-1 exhibited a significant cline in frequency from the southeast to the northwest. Gene flow across the entire range appeared to be appreciable.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the North Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare Alleles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Seeds collected from individual trees in the 16 Carpathian and 2 Sudeten silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) populations were studied with the starch gel electrophoresis in megagametophytes using 14 enzyme systems with 28 loci. The results show that the geographical distance between populations are in a small part reflected in genetic distances. There are two main groups of populations: Sudeten and Carpathian with a very big genetic distance between them. Other populations consist of a few small groups with low gene flow between them (<em>N<sub>m</sub></em> = 3.286). About 80% of genetic variation is located within populations (<em>F<sub>ST</sub></em> = 0.223). Average values for genetic multiplicity and diversity for Carpathian populations are as follows: number of alleles per locus: <em>Na</em> = 2.308, with effective number of alleles <em>Ne</em> = 1.552 and proportion of polymorphic loci 71.21%. The mean number of alleles per locus (<em>Na</em>) varied from 2.107 to 2.607 in population. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (<em>Ne</em>) ranged from 1.429 to 1.662. Average Fis for Carpathian populations was -0.021, which means that there is small excess of heterozygotes. The average observed heterozygosity amounted to <em>Ho</em> = 0.275 and expected heterozygosity was <em>He</em> = 0.269. The dendrogram structure and presence of rare alleles found in silver-fir of Czech, and Slovakian populations allow for a hypothesis that in postglaciation the silver-fir moved into the Polish Carpathians not westward from the east but from the south along river valleys from some Balkan refuges, getting North bypassing the High Tatra Range. This way, a highly diversified set of populations originated, differ in the presence of rare alleles. This differentiation is not prevented by a relatively small flow of genes between populations. The calculated gene flow <em>Nm</em> = 3.286 also indicates isolation between the populations. It means 3.3 immigrants per generation into the studied populations.

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