Genetic distance and classification of domestic animals using genetic markers

2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagamine ◽  
Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Domestic Animals

scholarly journals An integrative approach to the facile functional classification of dorsal root ganglion neuronal subclasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5494-5501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario J. Giacobassi ◽  
Lee S. Leavitt ◽  
Shrinivasan Raghuraman ◽  
Rishi Alluri ◽  
Kevin Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
K Channel ◽  
L1 And L2

Somatosensory neurons have historically been classified by a variety of approaches, including structural, anatomical, and genetic markers; electrophysiological properties; pharmacological sensitivities; and more recently, transcriptional profile differentiation. These methodologies, used separately, have yielded inconsistent classification schemes. Here, we describe phenotypic differences in response to pharmacological agents as measured by changes in cytosolic calcium concentration for the rapid classification of neurons in vitro; further analysis with genetic markers, whole-cell recordings, and single-cell transcriptomics validated these findings in a functional context. Using this general approach, which we refer to as tripartite constellation analysis (TCA), we focused on large-diameter dorsal-root ganglion (L-DRG) neurons with myelinated axons. Divergent responses to the K-channel antagonist, κM-conopeptide RIIIJ (RIIIJ), reliably identified six discrete functional cell classes. In two neuronal subclasses (L1 and L2), block with RIIIJ led to an increase in [Ca]i. Simultaneous electrophysiology and calcium imaging showed that the RIIIJ-elicited increase in [Ca]i corresponded to different patterns of action potentials (APs), a train of APs in L1 neurons, and sporadic firing in L2 neurons. Genetically labeled mice established that L1 neurons are proprioceptors. The single-cell transcriptomes of L1 and L2 neurons showed that L2 neurons are Aδ–low-threshold mechanoreceptors. RIIIJ effects were replicated by application of the Kv1.1 selective antagonist, Dendrotoxin-K, in several L-DRG subclasses (L1, L2, L3, and L5), suggesting the presence of functional Kv1.1/Kv1.2 heteromeric channels. Using this approach on other neuronal subclasses should ultimately accelerate the comprehensive classification and characterization of individual somatosensory neuronal subclasses within a mixed population.

scholarly journals Morphology of various strains of the trypanosome causing disease in man in Nyasaland. I.–The human strain

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
African Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wild Game

In order to gain a general idea of this important species of trypanosome, it will be necessary to study as many individual strains as possible. It may be thought unnecessary to describe each strain so much in detail, but without this it will be impossible to get any order out of the chaos which rules at present in the classification of the African species of trypanosomes pathogenic to man and the domestic animals. Up to the present the Commission have only had an opportunity of working with five human strains. Four of these are from natives infected in the Sleeping-Sickness Area, Nyasaland, the fifth from an European who contracted the disease in Portuguese East Africa. It is intended, in later papers, to describe five strains from wild game and the same number from the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans .

An attempt to differentiate sympatric Ichthyomyzon ammocoetes using meristic, morphological, pigmentation, and gonad analyses

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Neave ◽  
N.E. Mandrak ◽  
M.F. Docker ◽  
D.L. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Brook Lamprey ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Preliminary Classification

We assessed characters that could be used to differentiate ammocoetes of chestnut lamprey ( Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard, 1858), northern brook lamprey ( Ichthyomyzon fossor Reighard and Cummins, 1916), and silver lamprey ( Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Hubbs and Trautman, 1937). We sampled ammocoetes of the three species from 25 streams around the Great Lakes. Existing genetic markers were used to identify chestnut lamprey for this study, but the lack of genetic markers for silver and northern brook lampreys forced our preliminary classification of these two species to be based on stream-specific catch records of adults. Comparison of ammocoete gonads was inconclusive as a technique to distinguish between these two species. Other characters examined (including pigmentation patterns, morphometric characters, body shape, and myomere counts) varied significantly among species, but were inadequate for use as diagnostic characters because of high intraspecific variation and overlapping ranges. Chestnut lamprey ammocoetes were sometimes distinguishable by their pigmented lateral line organs, but this character was not always apparent. The lack of distinguishing characteristics makes existing taxonomic keys misleading for identifying Ichthyomyzon lamprey larvae.

I—Nigrosin-Eosin Staining of Rabbit Spermatozoa and the Fertility of Semen

1958 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Rabbit Spermatozoa

SynopsisA standard nigrosin-eosin staining method in current use has been said to differentiate between live (unstained) and dead (stained) spermatozoa. In the present work, the method is applied to rabbit semen. The general results are comparable with those already obtained in the larger domestic animals. The effects of several technical and biological factors on staining capacity are evaluated, and the validity of the method is examined experimentally. Some statistical aspects are presented. The percentage of stained spermatozoa varies widely between rabbit males. To a large extent, any particular male preserves a characteristic percentage from one ejaculate to another. The percentage of stained spermatozoa is inversely related to the fertility of males as measured by the birth rate after natural mating.Concurrently, an investigation was made of the incidence of a class of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa seen in the preparations. The classifications of spermatozoa by morphology and by staining capacity are highly correlated. For assessing semen quality, the morphological classification is considered to be as useful as the classification by staining capacity, and perhaps more useful.Nigrosin-eosin staining of rabbit spermatozoa is discussed; firstly, in comparison with other animals and in relation to sources of variation; secondly, as a means of differentiating between live and dead spermatozoa; thirdly, as a means of assessing the fertility of semen; and fourthly, in relation to the alternative classification of spermatozoa by abnormal morphology.

scholarly journals GENETIC MARKERS: COMPARATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Chesnokov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Nucleic Acid Sequence ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Price

With the creation of the molecular markers allowing to carry out analysis of genotypes on the level initial genetic information – DNA, onset one of the most multifarious and one of the most large in number class of markers at the present day. It is concerned with that each separate nucleic acid sequence is unique on its structure. Set of molecular and genetic methods, named as DNA-fingerprinting, most wide used in modern investigations for solving different problems in different biological areas. In this connection, necessity in comparative classification of modern molecular and genetic markers is actual. Based on published literature material it shown data on different classifications of molecular markers. Determined definition of term “marker” in genetics and breeding. Gave the characters and distinctive features of genetic markers. It given the definition what is “good” genetic marker as well as kinds, categories, variations and types on heredity of molecular markers. Manifested by means of molecular markers polymorphisms can classified on polymorphism of sequence itself (including nucleotide substitution and insertion-deletion) and polymorphism the number of tandem repeat sequences in repeated regions. Moreover, molecular markers can classify on two variations: anonymous, for which nucleotide acid sequence unknown and for manifestation of the molecular marker its detection not necessary (for example, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP), and announce (or determined), for which nucleic acid sequence is known or can be detect during analysis (for example, SNP, CAPS, STS). However, in independence on using of molecular markers the choice of method of investigation will be depend on investigated plant species as well. The next influence of molecular and genetic methods on genetics and practical breeding of plants will be depend on results, which will be obtain, in particular, on revealing the possibility or not possibility of genotyping of individual on single genetic marker as wel as on economic price of obtain informative data.

Bone ice skates in the medieval Novgorod (based on archaeological research of the Institute of Archaeology RAS in 2018–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Oleg Oleynikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Instrumental Study ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Tubular Bones

The article summarizes available information on bone ice skates and presents the results of research and classification of the collection of skates of the 11th–15th centuries found by the Novgorod Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS. Medieval ice skates are small bone runners made from the tubular bones of large domestic animals. All objects show traces of the specific processing of original bones: cut off epiphyses and a flattened plantar side (sliding surface). The amount of accumulated archaeological material, instrumental study of wear pattern on the working surface, experiments in the use and manufacture of skates, numerous ethnographic parallels in the use of bone skates in a number of countries almost up to the present day, as well as the fact of skating on bone shoes recorded in a 12th century source, make it safe to say that, in functional terms, ice skating was one of the forms of winter pastime and was a part of the Novgorod dwellers’ everyday life.

Rediscovery and elaborate description of Platycephalus cultellatus Richardson, 1846 collected from the coastal waters of South China Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Na Song ◽  
Jianwei Zou ◽  
Tianxiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
The Mean

Platycephalus cultellatus Richardson, 1846 was originally found and named in its type locality, Canton, Guangdong Province, China. However, this species was very rare in the coastal waters of China. Except that Qin et al. simply mentioned the original literature records of this species in 2013, no Chinese taxonomy books or publications have ever recorded or described local P. cultellatus. We collected P. cultellatus individuals from the coastal waters of South China Sea and gave valid identification and detailed descriptions of this species. The diacritically meristic counts were listed as follows: first dorsal fin usually with two small isolated spine anteriorly; second dorsal-fin and anal-fin usually with 13 soft rays; pectoral fin usually with 17–19 soft rays and without very small dark spots; caudal fin with 3–6 horizontal blackish bands, but without yellow marking on the middle when fresh; gill rakers 7–10 and pored lateral line scales 65–76. These conclusive characters were consistent with typical P. cultellatus individuals and could thoroughly separate them from other Platycephalus species. The fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA was also sequenced for the classification of specimens. The mean genetic distance within P. cultellatus was 0.25%, net genetic distance between P. cultellatus and other 14 species of the genus Platycephalus ranged from 11.59 to 25.48%. The phylogenetic analysis supported the validity of P. cultellatus existed in the coastal waters of South China Sea. This study will contribute to species identification within this genus distributed in Chinese seas.

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