Blood and Intrauterine Leukocyte Profile and Function in Dairy Cows that Spontaneously Recovered from Postpartum Endometritis

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mateus ◽  
L Lopes da Costa ◽  
H Carvalho ◽  
P Serra ◽  
J Robalo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Thiamine status, metabolism and application in dairy cows: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Pan ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
Linshu Jiang ◽  
Benhai Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
And Function

AbstractAs the co-enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, thiamine plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism in dairy cows. Apart from feedstuff, microbial thiamine synthesis in the rumen is the main source for dairy cows. However, the amount of ruminal thiamine synthesis, which is influenced by dietary N levels and forage to concentrate ratio, varies greatly. Notably, when dairy cows are overfed high-grain diets, subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurs and results in thiamine deficiency. Thiamine deficiency is characterised by decreased ruminal and blood thiamine concentrations and an increased blood thiamine pyrophosphate effect to >45 %. Thiamine deficiency caused by SARA is mainly related to the increased thiamine requirement during high grain feeding, decreased bacterial thiamine synthesis in the rumen, increased thiamine degradation by thiaminase, and decreased thiamine absorption by transporters. Interestingly, thiamine deficiency can be reversed by exogenous thiamine supplementation in the diet. Besides, thiamine supplementation has beneficial effects in dairy cows, such as increased milk and component production and attenuated SARA by improving rumen fermentation, balancing bacterial community and alleviating inflammatory response in the ruminal epithelium. However, there is no conclusive dietary thiamine recommendation for dairy cows, and the impacts of thiamine supplementation on protozoa, solid-attached bacteria, rumen wall-adherent bacteria and nutrient metabolism in dairy cows are still unclear. This knowledge is critical to understand thiamine status and function in dairy cows. Overall, the present review described the current state of knowledge on thiamine nutrition in dairy cows and the major problems that must be addressed in future research.

Fine Structural Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands From Cows Fed Low and High Calcium Diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 678-679
Author(s):  
C. C. Capen ◽  
H. E. Black ◽  
C. D. Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Jersey Cows

The calcium (CA) content of the prepartal diet has been shown to significantly influence the development of profound hypocalcemia with paresis in dairy cows near parturition. The mechanisms by which these provocative and preventative diets influence endocrine function and skeletal metabolism are uncertain. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of feeding high and low CA diets on the ultrastructure and function of parathyroid chief cells in adult cows.The effects of feeding a low CA diet (4.9 gm/day for 30 days) was investigated in 3 non-1actating Jersey cows. The serum CA decreased from 10.7 to 8.8 mg/100 ml after 30 days.

1106 Identification of effects of different forage source on metabolism and function of liver from dairy cows using systematic approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
H. Z. Sun ◽  
H. Y. Liu ◽  
D. M. Wang ◽  
L. L. Guan ◽  
J. X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Redundancy in Anaerobic Digestion Microbiomes during Disturbances by the Antibiotic Monensin

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Spirito ◽  
Sarah E. Daly ◽  
Jeffrey J. Werner ◽  
Largus T. Angenent
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Series Study

ABSTRACTThe antibiotic monensin is fed to dairy cows to increase milk production efficiency. A fraction of this monensin is excreted into the cow manure. Previous studies have found that cow manure containing monensin can negatively impact the performance of anaerobic digesters, especially upon first introduction. Few studies have examined whether the anaerobic digester microbiome can adapt to monensin during the operating time. Here, we conducted a long-term time series study of four lab-scale anaerobic digesters fed with cow manure. We examined changes in both the microbiome composition and function of the anaerobic digesters when subjected to the dairy antibiotic monensin. In our digesters, monensin was not rapidly degraded under anaerobic conditions. The two anaerobic digesters that were subjected to manure from monensin feed-dosed cows exhibited relatively small changes in microbiome composition and function due to relatively low monensin concentrations. At higher concentrations of monensin, which we dosed directly to control manure (from dairy cows without monensin), we observed major changes in the microbiome composition and function of two anaerobic digesters. A rapid introduction of monensin to one of these anaerobic digesters led to the impairment of methane production. Conversely, more gradual additions of the same concentrations of monensin to the other anaerobic digester led to the adaptation of the anaerobic digester microbiomes to the relatively high monensin concentrations. A member of the candidate OP11 (Microgenomates) phylum arose in this anaerobic digester and appeared to be redundant with certainBacteroidetesphylum members, which previously were dominating.IMPORTANCEMonensin is a common antibiotic given to dairy cows in the United States and is partly excreted with dairy manure. An improved understanding of how monensin affects the anaerobic digester microbiome composition and function is important to prevent process failure for farm-based anaerobic digesters. This time series study demonstrates how anaerobic digester microbiomes are inert to low monensin concentrations and can adapt to relatively high monensin concentrations by redundancy in an already existing population. Therefore, our work provides further insight into the importance of microbiome redundancy in maintaining the stability of anaerobic digesters.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
S. K. Pena ◽  
C. B. Taylor ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
J. Safarik
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oxidized Cholesterol ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

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