The Association of Menstrual Migraine with the Premenstrual Syndrome

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Facchinetti ◽  
I Neri ◽  
E Martignoni ◽  
L Fioroni ◽  
G Nappi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Menstrual Distress

To investigate the comorbidity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menstrual migraine, the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) was prospectively administered for two consecutive menstrual cycles to 22 patients with menstrual migraine, 12 cases with migraine without aura and 15 patients with PMS. MDQ scores varied throughout the menstrual cycle in each patient group, the wider changes being shown by patients with PMS. Fourteen menstrual migraine patients and 4 migraine without aura patients achieved diagnostic criteria for PMS over two menstrual cycles. In these patients MDQ scores did not differ from PMS sufferers at any stage of the menstrual cycle. The premenstrual increase of each cluster of PMS symptoms was identical in menstrual migraine and PMS subjects with the exception of negative affect. We suggest that PMS symptoms should be taken into account in the IHS diagnostic criteria for menstrual migraine.

Migraine and Menstruation: A Pilot Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA MacGregor ◽  
H Chia ◽  
RC Vohrah ◽  
M Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Menstrually Related Migraine ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

Objective: To define the term “menstrual” migraine and to determine the prevalence of “menstrual” migraine in women attending the City of London Migraine Clinic. Design: Women attending the clinic were asked to keep a record of their migraine attacks and menstrual periods for at least 3 complete menstrual cycles. Results: Fifty-five women completed the study. “Menstrual” migraine was defined as “migraine attacks which occur regularly on or between days -2 to +3 of the menstrual cycle and at no other time”. Using this criterion, 4 (7.2%) of the women in our population had “menstrual” migraine. All 4 women had migraine without aura. A further 19 (34.5%) had an increased number of attacks at the time of menstruation in addition to attacks at other times of the cycle. Eighteen (32.7%) had attacks occurring throughout the cycle but with no increase in number at the time of menstruation. Fourteen (25.5%) had no attacks within the defined period during the 3 cycles studied. Discussion: A small percentage of women have attacks only occurring at the time of menstruation, which can he defined as true “menstrual” migraine. This group is most likely to respond to hormonal treatment. The group of 34.5% who have an increased number of attacks at the time of menstruation in addition to attacks at other times of the month could be defined as having “menstrually related” migraine and might well respond to hormonal therapy. The 32.7% who have attacks throughout the menstrual cycle without an increase at menstruation are unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy. The 25.5% who do not have attacks related to menstruation almost certainly will not respond to hormonal therapy.

Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle

Cephalalgia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Silberstein ◽  
G R Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Cns Neurons

The normal female life cycle is associated with a number of hormonal milestones: menarche, pregnancy, contraceptive use, menopause, and the use of replacement sex hormones. All these events and interventions alter the levels and cycling of sex hormones and may cause a change in the prevalence or intensity of headache. The menstrual cycle is the result of a carefully orchestrated sequence of interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, and endometrium, with the sex hormones acting as modulators and effectors at each level. Oestrogen and progestins have potent effects on central serotonergic and opioid neurons, modulating both neuronal activity and receptor density. The primary trigger of menstrual migraine appears to be the withdrawal of oestrogen rather than the maintenance of sustained high or low oestrogen levels. However, changes in the sustained oestrogen levels with pregnancy (increased) and menopause (decreased) appear to affect headaches. Headaches that occur with premenstrual syndrome appear to be centrally generated, involving the inherent rhythm of CNS neurons, including perhaps the serotonergic pain-modulating systems.

scholarly journals Negative Mood Is Associated with Diet and Dietary Antioxidants in University Students During the Menstrual Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study from Guangzhou, China

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Lingling Bu ◽  
Yuting Lai ◽  
Yingyan Deng ◽  
Chenlu Xiong ◽  
Fengying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
University Students ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Carbonated Beverage ◽  
The Relationship

Postpubescent females may have negative mood or premenstrual syndrome during the menstrual cycle; with the emotional and physical symptoms interfering with their quality of life. Little is known about the relationship of dietary behaviors and dietary antioxidant intake with negative mood or premenstrual syndrome in university students in China; so we explored the relationship between negative mood and dietary behavior in female university students during the three menstrual cycle phases. Random sampling was used to enroll 88 individuals from a university in Guangzhou; China in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. During the menstrual phase, tea, black coffee and carbonated beverage intake was higher in the group with a high negative affect scale score than in the low score group (p < 0.05). Likewise; during the premenstrual phase, fresh fruit (banana and red Chinese dates) intake was higher in the group with a high negative affect scale score than in the low-score group (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that negative mood was positively associated with tea, coffee, and carbonated beverage intake during the menstrual phase (β = 0.21, p = 0.0453, odds ratio = 1.23), and negative mood was positively associated with banana and red Chinese dates intake during the premenstrual phase (β = 0.59, p = 0.0172, odds ratio = 1.81). Our results suggest that negative mood may be associated with diet and specific food in university postpubescent females.

scholarly journals Menstrual versus non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura in women with and without menstrual migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti Grøtta Vetvik ◽  
Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽  
E Anne MacGregor ◽  
Christofer Lundqvist ◽  
Michael Bjørn Russell
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Headache Diary

Objective The objective of this article is to compare clinical characteristics of menstrual and non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura (MO), prospectively recorded in a headache diary, by women with and without a diagnosis of menstrual migraine without aura (MM) according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). Material and methods A total of 237 women from the general population with self-reported migraine in ≥50% of their menstrual periods were interviewed and classified by a physician according to the criteria of the ICHD II. Subsequently, all participants were instructed to complete a prospective headache diary for at least three menstrual cycles. Clinical characteristics of menstrual and non-menstrual attacks of MO were compared by a regression model for repeated measurements. Results In total, 123 (52%) women completed the diary. In the 56 women who were prospectively diagnosed with MM by diary, the menstrual MO-attacks were longer (on average 10.65 hours, 99% CI 3.17–18.12) and more frequently accompanied by severe nausea (OR 2.14, 99% CI 1.20–3.84) than non-menstrual MO-attacks. No significant differences between menstrual and non-menstrual MO-attacks were found among women with MO, but no MM. Conclusion In women from the general population, menstrual MO-attacks differ from non-menstrual attacks only in women who fulfil the ICHD criteria for MM.

scholarly journals Migraine Associated with Menstruation An Overlooked Trigger

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlesha Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations

Menstrual migraine is a condition in females, where headaches are linked with menstruation and may be debilitating. Hormonal fluctuations could have a key role in migraine etiopathogenesis, as several women experience that their migraine attacks correlate with their menstrual cycle. Estrogen withdrawal appears to have a significant role in migraine associated with menstrual cycles, despite the fact that its pathophysiology is not well known. The treatment method can also vary from that used to treat nonmenstrual migraines. However, with proper identification and management of the condition, it can be bearable. This article highlights some portions of what is known about migraine, its triggers including the experience of a sufferer and aims to provide readers with a better understanding of migraine in women by understanding these aspects of the condition.

scholarly journals Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and the Myth of the Irrational Female

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Sally King
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Rigorous Approach

Abstract King’s chapter begins by describing the historical context of ‘premenstrual’ symptoms, which were first formally described in 1931. She then questions the prioritization of mood-based symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). King argues that population studies suggest that mood-based symptoms are not the most common nor most disruptive of menstrual changes. She then proposes that the trend of ‘psychologizing’ premenstrual symptoms is influenced by the sexist historical assumption of ‘the myth of the irrational female’—the idea that women, due to their reproductive biology, are pathologically emotional and thus have a reduced capacity for reason. The author concludes by calling for a more integrated and rigorous approach to PMS definitions and research to support people who experience cyclical symptoms, without unintentionally pathologizing the menstrual cycle or stigmatizing an entire gender.

scholarly journals Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for premenstrual syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Borji-Navan ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Ali Ahmadian-Khooinarood
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Cycles

Abstract Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem of women of reproductive age, affecting various aspects of their lives. However, limited studies have investigated the effect of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) on PMS. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether ICBT can reduce symptom severity of women with PMS and improve their quality of life during the perimenstrual and late follicular phases of menstrual cycle. Methods The study included 92 university students aged 18–35 years who had moderate to severe PMS. The participants were allocated into two groups of 46 using block randomization. The intervention group underwent ICBT for two menstrual cycles, while the control group received no intervention. Before and after the intervention, all participants filled the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) for two menstrual cycles and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire—Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) on days 1–2 and 11–13 of the menstrual cycle. Data were analyzed using univariate general linear models. Results Four students in the intervention group were lost to follow-up. Following the intervention, the mean score of total PMS symptoms was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (10.4 vs. 20.2, adjusted difference: − 9.9 [95% CI − 13.3 to − 6.6]), and the score of perimenstrual quality of life was significantly higher (64.2 vs. 50.3, 14.1 [8.5 to 19.8]). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in the late follicular quality of life (68.3 vs. 67.3, 1.9 [− 4.4 to 8.1]). Conclusions The ICBT could reduce the symptom severity of women suffering from PMS while improving their perimenstrual quality of life. However, it had no significant effect on the late follicular quality of life. Therefore, this intervention can be used for women with PMS. Trial registration The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, Identifier: IRCT20100414003706N34, Registered prospectively on 19 June 2019, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38394.

Influence of moderate physical activity, including physical activity during menstruation, on the course of menstrual cycle among nullipara — an attempt to evaluate

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szpak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Premenstrual Tension

This study is specifically concerned with the effect of regular physical activity during menstruation on the course of menstrual cycle among nullipara. Based on the author’s questionnaire, the 152 women participating in the study were divided into three groups A, B and C – depending on their level of physical activity. The physical activity at a moderate level does not significantly affect the regularity of menstrual cycles. The cultivation of moderate physical activity during menstruation does not significantly affect the duration of bleeding. Moderate physical activity is irrelevant to the abundance of menstrual bleeding. Moderate physical activity has no significant effect on menstrual pain and its duration. Women who are physically active at a moderate level throughout their menstrual cycle are less likely to experience symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) than women who are only physically active outside of menstruation and are not physically active, which may indicate that moderate physical activity during menstruation prevents symptoms of premenstrual tension syndrome. Based on the results achieved, it is not possible to clearly determine the relevance of promoting moderate physical activity, with particular emphasis on that during menstruation, among women. The study needs to be continued with particular attention paid to physical activity during the day, the influence of environmental factors and stress on the examined women, and with attention paid to the intensity of pain accompanying bleeding. However, it can be assumed that there is no justification for limiting physical activity during the menstrual bleeding phase.

Cognitive Changes during the Menstrual Cycle

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Kirstein ◽  
Gary Rosenberg ◽  
Harry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Student Group ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Symptom Patterns ◽  
Menstrual Distress ◽  
Status Data ◽  
Group Concentration

A predominantly non-student group of sixty-five women volunteers, screened for medication use, prospectively completed the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Temporal Disorganization Scale (TDS) weekly for one month along with a daily calendar of menstrual status. Data analysis revealed that TDS, concentration disturbances, negative affect, pain and water retention were rated as higher premenstrually and menstrually. Women dichotomized into groups based on high and low premenstrual TDS scores demonstrated different symptom patterns across the menstrual cycle. For the high premenstrual TDS group, concentration, behavioral change, negative affect and pain were all rated highest premenstrually; for the low premenstrual TDS group the TDS score was rated highest menstrually. The relevance of these findings to literature reports of associations between psychopathology and menstrual cycle phase are discussed.

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