scholarly journals The formation of solar-system analogs in young star clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 622 ◽  
pp. A69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Portegies Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Nearby Star ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Supernova Shell ◽  
Birth Environment ◽  
Young Star Clusters ◽  
Rayet Star

The solar system was once rich in the short-lived radionuclide (SLR) 26Al but poor in 60Fe. Several models have been proposed to explain these anomalous abundances in SLRs, but none has been set within a self-consistent framework of the evolution of the solar system and its birth environment. The anomalous abundance in 26Al may have originated from the accreted material in the wind of a massive ≳20 M⊙ Wolf-Rayet star, but the star could also have been a member of the parental star-cluster instead of an interloper or an older generation that enriched the proto-solar nebula. The protoplanetary disk at that time was already truncated around the Kuiper-cliff (at 45 au) by encounters with other cluster members before it was enriched by the wind of the nearby Wolf-Rayet star. The supernova explosion of a nearby star, possibly but not necessarily the exploding Wolf-Rayet star, heated the disk to ≳1500 K, melting small dust grains and causing the encapsulation and preservation of 26Al in vitreous droplets. This supernova, and possibly several others, caused a further abrasion of the disk and led to its observed tilt of 5.6 ± 1.2° with respect to the equatorial plane of the Sun. The abundance of 60Fe originates from a supernova shell, but its preservation results from a subsequent supernova. At least two supernovae are needed (one to deliver 60Fe and one to preserve it in the disk) to explain the observed characteristics of the solar system. The most probable birth cluster therefore has N = 2500 ± 300 stars and a radius of rvir = 0.75 ± 0.25 pc. We conclude that systems equivalent to our solar system form in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of about 30 Myr−1, in which case approximately 36 000 solar-system analogs roam the Milky Way.

The Long View of Planetary Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Population Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Universe

How many planetary systems formed before our’s did, and how many will form after? How old is the average exoplanet in the Galaxy? When did the earliest planets start forming? How different are the ages of terrestrial and giant planets? And, ultimately, what will the fate be of our Solar System, of the Milky Way Galaxy, and of the Universe around us? We cannot know the fate of individual exoplanets with great certainty, but based on population statistics this chapter sketches the past, present, and future of exoworlds and of our Earth in general terms.

Computer Information Library Clusters

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Fu Yuhua
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Information ◽  
Set Up

Based on creating generalized and hybrid set and library with neutrosophy and quad-stage method, this chapter presents the concept of computer information library clusters (CILC). There are various ways and means to form CILC. For example, CILC can be considered as the “total-library” and consists of several “sub-libraries.” As another example, in CILC, a total-library can be set up, and a number of sub-libraries are side by side with the total-library. Specially, for CILC, the operation functions can be added; for example, according to natural science computer information library clusters (natural science CILC), and applying variation principle of library (or sub-library), partial and temporary unified theory of natural science so far with different degrees can be established. Referring to the concept of natural science CILC, the concepts of social science CILC, natural science and social science CILC, and the like can be presented. While referring to the concept of computer information library clusters, the concepts of computer and non-computer information library clusters, earth information library clusters, solar system information library clusters, Milky Way galaxy information library clusters, universe information library clusters, and the like can be presented.

4. What are planets made of?

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-75
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
First Stars ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

‘What are planets made of?’ assesses what planets are made of, beginning by looking at the life cycle of stars, and the kinds of stars which populate the Universe. Although the first stars of the Universe could not have formed planetary systems, the process did not take long to get under way. The Milky Way galaxy formed not long after the Big Bang and has been building its stock of heavy elements ever since. Thus, our Solar System incorporates ingredients from a mix of myriad expired stars, most of which have been processed multiple times through short-lived stars.

scholarly journals IC 10: a starburst galaxy resolved into individual stars

1999 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 484-484
Author(s):  
Deidre A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Starburst Galaxy ◽  
Ic 10 ◽  
Young Star Clusters ◽  
Rayet Star ◽  
Group Galaxy ◽  
Local Group Galaxy

We present a preliminary analysis of HST images of the Local Group galaxy IC 10. IC 10 has an unusual Wolf-Rayet star population and is believed to be undergoing a starburst. Nevertheless, stars to at least 6.5 M⊙ are seen and the young star clusters are comparable in richness and spatial concentration to LMC populous clusters.

scholarly journals Fourth Day of Creation: The Proto-history of Young Stars, Star Streams, and Exoplanets Near the Sun

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S314) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Virginia Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moving Groups ◽  
Young Star Clusters

AbstractItems of scientific knowledge at any moment in time have pre-histories when they were debated, doubted, or absolutely denied. The examples considered here are the admitted facts that star formation is an on-going process in the Milky Way, that there are young moving groups (the products of young star clusters in the process of dissolution and perhaps more complex processes), and that planets orbiting other stars are common. It is hard to imagine any of these ceasing to be part of core astronomical knowledge, but you are advised not to place large bets on this.

Computer Information Library Clusters

2018 ◽  
pp. 4399-4403
Author(s):  
Fu Yuhua
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Information ◽  
Set Up

Based on creating generalized and hybrid set and library with neutrosophy and quad-stage method, this paper presents the concept of “computer information library clusters” (CILC). There are various ways and means to form CILC. For example, CILC can be considered as the “total-library”, and consists of several “sub-libraries”. As another example, in CILC, a “total-library” can be set up, and a number of “sub-libraries” are side by side with the “total-library”. Specially, for CILC, the operation functions can be added; for example, according to “natural science computer information library clusters” (natural science CILC), and applying “variation principle of library (or sub-library)”, “partial and temporary unified theory of natural science so far” with different degrees can be established. Referring to the concept of “natural science CILC”, the concepts of “social science CILC”, “natural science and social science CILC”, and the like, can be presented. While, referreing to the concept of “computer information library clusters”, the concepts of “computer and non-computer information library clusters”, “earth information library clusters”, “solar system information library clusters”, “Milky Way galaxy information library clusters”, “universe information library clusters”, and the like, can be presented.

scholarly journals Extrasolar Planets and Prospects for Terrestrial Planets

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Marcy ◽  
R. Paul Butler ◽  
Steven S. Vogt ◽  
Debra A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Host Stars ◽  
Eccentricity Orbit

Examination of ∼2000 sun–like stars has revealed 97 planets (as of 2002 Nov), all residing within our Milky Way Galaxy and within ∼200 light years of our Solar System. They have masses between 0.1 and 10 times that of Jupiter, and orbital sizes of 0.05–5 AU. Thus planets occupy the entire detectable domain of mass and orbits. News & summaries about extrasolar planets are provided at: http://exoplanets.org. These planets were all discovered by the wobble of the host stars, induced gravitationally by the planets, causing a periodicity in the measured Doppler effect of the starlight. Earth–mass planets remain undetectable, but space–based missions such as Kepler, COROT and SIM may provide detections of terrestrial planets within the next decade.The number of planets increases with decreasing planet mass, indicating that nature makes more small planets than jupiter–mass planets. Extrapolation, though speculative, bodes well for an even larger number of earth–mass planets. These observations and the theory of planet formation suggests that single sun–like stars commonly harbor earth–sized rocky planets, as yet undetectable. The number of planets increases with increasing orbital distance from the host star, and most known planets reside in non–circular orbits. Many known planets reside in the habitable zone (albeit being gas giants) and most newly discovered planets orbit beyond 1 AU from their star. A population of Jupiter–like planets may reside at 5–10 AU from stars, not easily detectable at present. The sunlike star 55 Cancri harbors a planet of 4–10 Jupiter masses orbiting at 5.5 AU in a low eccentricity orbit, the first analog of our Jupiter, albeit with two large planets orbiting inward.To date, 10 multiple–planet systems have been discovered, with four revealing gravitational interactions between the planets in the form of resonances. GJ 876 has two planets with periods of 1 and 2 months. Other planetary systems are “hierarchical”, consisting of widely separated orbits. These two system architectures probably result from gravitational interactions among the planets and between the planets and the proto-planetary disk out of which they formed.

Star Clusters Triggered by GS242-03+37

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 279-280
Author(s):  
Jan Palouš ◽  
Soňa Ehlerová
Keyword(s):  
Differential Rotation ◽  
Column Density ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Age Sequence ◽  
Young Star Clusters

AbstractWe explore the Milky Way supershell GS242-03+37. We argue that the observed HI distribution can be explained as an expanding structure about 100 Myr old powered with a modest energy released by an OB association. The formation of star clusters has been triggered less than 30 Myr ago when the ISM density in the supershell increased due to the galactic differential rotation. The observed age sequence of young star clusters is related to the evolution of the column density during the supershell expansion.

scholarly journals Multiple stellar populations: From old Milky Way globulars to young star clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S351) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Anna F. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rotation Rates ◽  
Young Star Clusters

AbstractI present the latest results from our group about the multiple stellar populations in the old Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) and in the young systems both in the Magellanic Clouds and in the Milky Way. For the ancient GCs in our Galaxy I summarize the chemical properties of the stellar populations as observed on the chromosome map. Both Type I and Type II GCs are discussed. For the youngest clusters I will briefly report our latest spectroscopic analysis on the Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1818 and the Galactic open cluster M 11, which supports the co-existence of stellar populations with different rotation rates.

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