scholarly journals An improved extraction method reveals varied DNA content in different parts of the shells of Pacific oysters

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Qiuyun Jiang ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Chaowei Gai ◽  
Wenchao Yu ◽  
Cheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Dorsal Edge ◽  
Ventral Edge ◽  
Different Parts

The DNA in the shell of Crassostrea gigas could have important roles in the shell biomineralization. However, limited by the low efficiency of existing extraction methods, studies investigating the DNA in shells are lacking. In this study, the shell DNA of C. gigas was extracted using the organic solvent extraction (OSE) and guanidine lysis buffer (GLB) methods; the efficiency and quality of these two methods were compared. The sequences of a mitochondrial gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and a nuclear gene (28S rRNA) of C. gigas were analyzed to verify the origin of the extracted shell DNA. Finally, the DNA contents of the ventral edge, middle part, and dorsal edge of C. gigas shells were compared. The results showed that OSE had a higher DNA extraction efficiency than GLB; the oyster shell DNA was homologous to the oyster genome; the DNA content was higher in the ventral edge than in the middle part or in the dorsal edge of the C. gigas shell. This study not only reports an improved extraction method for the mollusk shell DNA, but also revealed that the DNA in the oyster shell originates from the oyster body and that the DNA content in different parts of the C. gigas shell showed obvious variance. These results provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that oyster cells participate in shell formation, and also afford a nondestructive method for oyster genetic identification, which can promote the application of molecular biology technology in oyster breeding. In addition, a shell growth pattern of ‘Under Old & Exceeding Old’ was also proposed.

The Sophist on Statements, Predication, and Falsehood

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-336
Author(s):  
Lesley Brown
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
False Statement ◽  
Definitive Solution ◽  
Eleatic Stranger ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Lengthy Discussion ◽  
Striking Contrast

Plato’s late dialogue, the Sophist, divides clearly into two very different parts. In the Outer Parts (216–236d; 264b9–end), the main speaker, a nameless visitor from Elea in Italy (hereafter ES, for Eleatic Stranger) embarks on a discourse ostensibly designed to say what a sophist is. Using the so-called Method of Division, the ES offers no fewer than seven accounts of what the sophist is. Interrupting the seventh attempt, the Middle Part (236d9–264b8) provides a striking contrast. There the ES undertakes a lengthy discussion sparked by problems arising from defining a sophist as a maker of images and purveyor of false beliefs. This chapter focuses on two key problems discussed and solved in the Middle Part: the Late-learners’ problem (the denial of predication), and the problem of false statement. It looks at how each is, in a way, a problem about correct speaking; how each gave rise to serious philosophical difficulty, as well as being a source of eristic troublemaking; and how the ES offers a definitive solution to both. The Sophist displays an unusually didactic approach: Plato makes it clear that he has important matter to impart, and he does so with a firm hand, especially on the two issues discussed.

scholarly journals DNA extraction technique for different rice varieties grown in Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Kapilan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Dna Extraction Methods ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Parts

Extraction of DNA is very important nowadays in bio-molecular researches. Extracted DNA should be purified and the quality of DNA should also be very high. The objective of the study was to develop a simple efficient method to isolate DNA from the rice varieties in an open laboratory environment, and to eliminate the usage of expensive chemicals and tools. The DNA extraction methods developed by the DNeasy plant kit method supplied by QIAGEN, Cheng et al., Doyle et al. and Michiels et al. were applied to five different rice varieties grown in different parts of Sri Lanka. Based on the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA tested by measuring the absorbance of DNA at 260 nm using Nanodrop® ND-1000 spectrophotometer and measuring the ratio of A260 / A280 and gel running on agarose, the efficiency of the extraction method chosen varied among rice varieties. Among the methods used, the methods introduced by DNeasy plant kit method supplied by QIAGEN and Cheng et al, yielded good and amplifiable quality DNA with satisfactory concentration for all the rice varieties tested. Therefore the modified method of Cheng et al, 1987 could be used to extract DNA from rice varieties instead of the commercially available expensive and hazardous DNeasy plant kit method supplied by QIAGEN.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 398-401

scholarly journals Extraction Processes with Several Solvents on Total Bioactive Compounds in Different Organs of Three Medicinal Plants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4672
Author(s):  
Nour El Houda Lezoul ◽  
Mohamed Belkadi ◽  
Fariborz Habibi ◽  
Fabián Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Different Parts

The extraction of secondary metabolites by water, MeOH:water (8:2) containing NaF, methanol, ethanol and acetone (all of them diluted (7:3) in water)from the different parts (leaves, flowers, stems and roots) of Passiflora caerulea L., Physalis peruviana L. and Solanum muricatum Aiton via decoction and maceration methods was studied. The highest extraction yields were recorded by methanol for decoction and acetone for maceration. The total polyphenol content (TPC) obtained by decoction had the highest TPC contents, and MeOH containing NaF was the best solvent for the extraction of TPC. Maceration was suitable for flavonoid extractions, with ethanol and acetone being the best solvents. In general, the highest levels of TPC and flavonoids were obtained from Passiflora leaves regardless of the solvent or extraction method applied. Furthermore, the roots of Physalis and Solanum showed important levels of these compounds in consonance with the total antioxidant activity (TAA) evaluated in the different organs of the plant in the three species. In this study, the solvents and extraction methods applied were tools that determined significantly the level of extraction of bioactive compounds, showing a different impact on plant organs for each medicinal species studied.

scholarly journals 6. Preliminary Report on the TUNICATA of the “Challenger” Expedition. Part II

1880 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 714-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Dorsal Edge ◽  
Ventral Edge

Since the publication of the first part of this preliminary report (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1879–80, p. 458), I have received some additional specimens of Ascidians belonging to the “Challenger” collection, and including the following ASCIDIADÆAscidia cylindracea, n. sp.External appearance. —Shape nearly cylindrical; posterior end rounded and wider than truncated anterior end; ventral edge nearly straight, dorsal slightly concave. Attached by base and lower half of left side. Both apertures at anterior end; branchial towards ventral side, sessile; atrial on dorsal edge, forming a rounded projection; both distinctly lobed. Surface smooth. Colour yellowish-grey. Length, 2 cm.; breadth, 1·2 cm.

scholarly journals LOWER TRIASSIC VOLCANOGENIC FORMATIONS OF THE PRONCHISHCHEV RIDGE (NORTH OF CENTRAL SIBERIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Aleksei Yu. Popov ◽  
Evgeny S. Sobolev ◽  
Artem Ya. Shevko ◽  
Andrei V. Yadrenkin
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Different Parts

The volcanogenic formations of the middle part of the Pronchishchev ridge are considered. Based on new data from the lithological, petrographic, geochemical studies of igneous and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks and stratigraphic studies of the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic terrigenous strata that enclose them, a model of their spatial relationship is proposed. It is shown that the dolerite body and the adjacent tuff breccia in the field of development of Upper Permian rocks as well as tuffite gravelites in the field of Lower Triassic rocks are a single complex of formations of different parts of the diatreme. The time of implantation of the diatreme is defined as the beginning of the Late Olenek. The wide development of vent facies dolerites in the diatreme may indicate the repeated activation of the supply channel.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF SEEDS QUALITY IN THE EAR OF WINTER RYE OF CHULPAN 7 VARIETY

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Рафаэль Исмагилов ◽  
Rafael' Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Index Variation ◽  
Different Parts

The article presents the results of studies of quality variability of winter rye seeds of Chulpan 7 variety in the ear. The essential variability of seed quality of seeds within the ear has been established. The coefficient of seed quality index variation (germination energy, germination capacity and growth force) is 1.68-12.11%. The nature of the change in the mass of 1000 seeds, the germination energy, germination capacity and the growth force of seeds in the ear of winter rye is subject to a certain pattern. Seedlings from seeds of different parts of the ear according to morphological indicators (number of roots, length and mass of sprouts and roots) also differ among themselves. The quality of the seeds and their productivity is highest in the middle part of the ear and they gradually decrease to the base and apex of the ear.

scholarly journals Migrations of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Odra Valley (W Poland)

Ring ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Bocheński ◽  
Paweł Czechowski ◽  
Leszek Jerzak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Philomachus Pugnax ◽  
Vanellus Vanellus ◽  
Gallinago Gallinago ◽  
Haematopus Ostralegus ◽  
Common Snipe ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Golden Plover ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Common Sandpiper

Migrations of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Odra Valley (W Poland) Studies were conducted in 1994-2005, in the middle Odra valley (western Poland), between localities: Bytom Odrzański and Kunice (155 km). During research 1535 controls of different parts of valley were made. There were recorded 26 Charadrii species. Regular occurrence and migrations were observed only for a few of them: Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius), Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), Curlew (Numenius arquata), Redshank (Tringa totanus), Grenshank (T. nebularia), Green Sandpiper (T. ochropus), Wood Sandpiper (T. glareola) and Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos). There were a few observations of rare in Poland - Sociable Plover (Vanellus gregarius) - or usually uncommon inland species - Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Great Snipe (Gallinago media), Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) and Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Two features characterizing the waders' passages in the Lubusian part of Odra valley can be told. Firstly, the abundance of migrating birds is usually lower than in other areas, especially when comparing autumn numbers to big inland reservoirs and some ponds complexes. Secondly, the middle part of Odra valley plays more important role during spring than during autumn passage, especially for Lapwings and Golden Plovers.

scholarly journals Deep Inhalation Eliminates Spatial Wrapping

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Normal State ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Wrapping Effect ◽  
Perceptual Rivalry ◽  
Different Parts

This article is to provide evidence that deep inhalation can diminish spatial wrapping. Observation that provides further supporting evidence to our previous hypothesis that assumes inactive ‘peripheral brain’ can effectively eliminate the wrapping effect. This might be because the possible forcible reduction in the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the brain during the intended inhalation; in turn, different parts in the neocortex might be partially deactivated. Deep exhalations, however, return the perception of warping to its normal state of perception, possibly because of the oxygen-rich blood had returned back to the brain. Deep breathing therefore produces a perceptual rivalry; real perception (deep inhalation) versus illusive perception (deep exhalation).

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from a recreational sea beach on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea as one of the consequences of anthropogenic pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Skórczewski ◽  
Zbigniew Mudryk ◽  
Justyna Miranowicz ◽  
Piotr Perlinski ◽  
Marta Zdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractAntibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms (STLO) isolated from a recreational sea beach located on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea was studied. The results of the present study showed that STLO inhabiting sand and seawater of the beach strongly differed in the resistance level to tested antibiotics. These microorganisms were most resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, oxytetracycline and susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin. Moreover, the level of antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from different parts of the beach also differed. Bacteria inhabiting the seawater, shoreline and the middle part of the beach were more antibiotic-resistant than bacteria isolated from the dune. The majority of bacteria inhabiting the seawater and sand were resistant to 3–8 antibiotics out of 12 tested in this study. Generally, there was no difference in antibiotic resistance between Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from the surface and subsurface sand layers. STLO strains isolated from Ustka Beach were most resistant to β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics, and most susceptible to aminoglycosides.

The Distribution and Pasting Properties of Starches in Fresh Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Tuber

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1672-1675
Author(s):  
Yu Zhong Shi ◽  
Feng He Tian ◽  
Jun He Zhang ◽  
Bao Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Na Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Extractable Content

This study focused on the distribution and pasting properties of starches in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tuber. A fresh sweet potato tuber was cut into six equivalent parts. The extractable contents and pasting properties of starches from different parts of fresh sweet potato tuber were determined. The results showed that the extractable content of starches from the Middle section of sweet potato tuber is lower than that from the head and the end section of sweet potato tuber. The extractable content of starches from the inner-end part and the outer-Middle part of sweet potato tuber are 16.2% and 10.3% respectively. The amylose content of starches is relatively higher in the Middle section and outer layer of sweet potato tuber. The amylose content of starches from the outer-Middle part and the inner-end part of sweet potato tuber are 29.5% and 26.7% respectively. Pasting properties of starches from different parts of sweet potato tubers are different from each other. Among them, the starches from inner-end part of sweet potato tuber have the highest viscosities and a lower breakdown.

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