scholarly journals Potential Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 04010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Dewi ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Tjahjo Winanto ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Segara Anakan Lagoon

Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), located along side of soutern coast on western part of Central Java 108°46'–109 ° 05'E; 7 ° 34'–7 ° 48'S. SAL is necessasrily ecosistem as nursery ground. This has been becoming important research relating to primary productivity. The existance of antropogenical activities around the area, is changing inrush input into lagoon. This is going to be worried about giving influences in physical, chemistry, and biological factors of the water and causing deflation in rate value of primer productivity. Rainy and dry season's variability with important impacts on the phytoplankton community structure, abundance and dynamics. Furthermore, the number of coastal ecosystems with identified eutrophication symptoms is increasing worldwide due to the increasing anthropogenic pressures. One of 1the first symptoms of eutrophication is enhanced phytoplankton biomass. Generally, Fitoplanton is important biological indicators in the process. However, high abundance of biomass phytoplankton could give harmful effect toward lagoon, they could produce toxic substances that will be accumulated, it can be endangering .The aim of the research is to determine and calculate potential species of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in SAL with spastial and temporal approach. The spatial approach is done at seven different stations of ecological characteristics SAL, with representations: natural factors and the presence of anthropogenic activities. On the temporal approach (time series) for a year, it refers to the monsoon wind pattern, which are called season (western, the transitional season 1, eastern, and the transitional season 2).The results of laboratory tests are discussed descriptively. Phytoplankton sample were taken vertically using plankton nets, meshsize 25 μm. The result showed that SAL have been found and consisted of 82 species from 5 division phytoplankton: Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Pyrophyta, and Euglenophyta. 20 species from 9 genus were identified potential as HABs, with four genus of them were known having toxin and endangering for human (Nitzschia, Oscillatoria, Anabaena dan Protoperidinium).Whether, five genus do not produce toxins but giving deflation Oxygen of waters with anoxia condition (Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Rhizosolenia, Thalassiosira, Thalassiotrix).The highest of HABS abundance is dominated during the transitional season II. On the spatial approach, antropoegenic characteristics station contribute to the whole height of HABs. Influence of rainfall, spatially, antropogenical pressure, and hydrodinamical watres causing enhancement of HABs potency.

Dynamics in a Plankton Model with Toxic Substances and Phytoplankton Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ben Niu
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Normal Form Method ◽  
Bautin Bifurcation ◽  
Plankton Model

In this paper, a phytoplankton–zooplankton model incorporating toxic substances and nonlinear phytoplankton harvesting is established. The existence and stability of the equilibrium of this model are first investigated. The occurrence of transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf and Bautin bifurcations at different equilibria is then verified. In addition, the properties of Hopf bifurcation and Bautin bifurcation are discussed by using normal form method. These results demonstrate that phytoplankton and zooplankton populations will oscillate periodically when the harvesting level is high. More interestingly, it is found that the oscillations are always unstable for small phytoplankton carrying capacity, while the dynamics have close relations with the initial population densities for a large environmental capacity. The existence of Bautin bifurcation theoretically indicates that toxic phytoplankton can cause extinction once there exist harmful algal blooms for some time. These results are numerically illustrated for the model with spatial diffusion, which shows that local phytoplankton blooms will lead to global populations extinction.

scholarly journals Internal phosphorus loading in Canadian fresh waters: a critical review and data analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Orihel ◽  
Helen M. Baulch ◽  
Nora J. Casson ◽  
Rebecca L. North ◽  
Chris T. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Waters ◽  
Internal P Loading

Many physical, chemical, and biological processes in freshwater ecosystems mobilize the nutrient phosphorus (P) from sediments, which in turn may contribute to the formation of harmful algal blooms. Here, we critically reviewed internal P loading in Canadian fresh waters to understand the geographic patterns and environmental drivers of this important process. From 43 publications, we consolidated 618 estimates of internal P loading from Canadian freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and coastal wetlands (n = 70). Expressed in terms of total P, short-term gross rates in sediment samples (Lgross) ranged from −27 to 54 mg·m−2·day−1(n = 461), while long-term net rates in whole ecosystems (Lnet) ranged from −1694 to 10 640 mg·m−2·year−1(n = 157). The main environmental drivers of this variation were oxygen, pH, geology, and trophic state. Internal P loading tended to be higher during the open-water season and most prominent in small prairie lakes. Priorities for future research on internal P loading should include resolving methodological problems, assessing the relative importance of different mechanisms, examining the influence of anthropogenic activities, and quantifying rates in understudied ecosystems.

scholarly journals The challenges of a small population exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors and a changing climate: the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Until 2012, the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga population was considered stable with about 1100 individuals. An abnormally high number of calves reported dead that year triggered a population status reassessment. This review article summarizes the findings from this reassessment and various studies subsequent to it and provides an updated analysis of carcass recovery rates up to 2019. The 2013 review indicated a decreased incidence of cancer in adults, suggesting positive impacts from the regulation of toxic substances (e.g., PCBs and PAHs). However, the review also revealed that the population initiated a decline of ca. 1% per year in the early 2000s and had reached a size of ca. 900 individuals by 2012. This decline was accompanied by high inter-annual variability in calf survival and pregnancy rates and by more frequent peripartum complications among dead females. The change in population dynamics coincided with a shift in the St. Lawrence ecosystem structure and warmer environmental conditions, suggesting a link through effects on reproductive success and adult female body condition. This was supported by the continued high calf mortality after 2012 and a documented decline of fat reserves in beluga blubber from 1998 to 2016. Other factors, such as the exposure to chronic vessel noise, increasing whale-watching activities, high contaminant levels and episodic harmful algal blooms, may also be contributing to the long-term non-recovery and current decline of the population. The strong natal philopatry and complex social system of the beluga likely increase its vulnerability to extinction risk by limiting dispersal.

scholarly journals Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in the 21st century

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Berdalet ◽  
Lora E. Fleming ◽  
Richard Gowen ◽  
Keith Davidson ◽  
Philipp Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Health Need

Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause harm to humans and other organisms. These harmful algal blooms (HABs) have direct impacts on human health and negative influences on human wellbeing, mainly through their consequences to coastal ecosystem services (fisheries, tourism and recreation) and other marine organisms and environments. HABs are natural phenomena, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. Global warming and associated changes in the oceans could affect HAB occurrences and toxicity as well, although forecasting the possible trends is still speculative and requires intensive multidisciplinary research. At the beginning of the 21st century, with expanding human populations, particularly in coastal and developing countries, mitigating HABs impacts on human health and wellbeing is becoming a more pressing public health need. The available tools to address this global challenge include maintaining intensive, multidisciplinary and collaborative scientific research, and strengthening the coordination with stakeholders, policymakers and the general public. Here we provide an overview of different aspects of the HABs phenomena, an important element of the intrinsic links between oceans and human health and wellbeing.

Shellfish toxicity: human health implications of marine algal toxins

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. JAMES ◽  
B. CAREY ◽  
J. O'HALLORAN ◽  
F. N. A. M. van PELT ◽  
Z. ŠKRABÁKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Marine Algal

SUMMARYFive major human toxic syndromes caused by the consumption of shellfish contaminated by algal toxins are presented. The increased risks to humans of shellfish toxicity from the prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be a consequence of large-scale ecological changes from anthropogenic activities, especially increased eutrophication, marine transport and aquaculture, and global climate change. Improvements in toxin detection methods and increased toxin surveillance programmes are positive developments in limiting human exposure to shellfish toxins.

scholarly journals Harmful Algal in Banyuasin Coastal Waters, South Sumatera

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riris Aryawati ◽  
Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen ◽  
Tri Prartono ◽  
Hilda Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Monitoring Result ◽  
Harmful Effects

<p>Phytoplankton have important as food-chain major component and primary production of marine environment. However, high abundance of phytoplankton could give harmful effects toward water ecosystem. Moreover, they could produce toxic substances that will be accumulated within their consumer. This accumulation could be dangerous for human or animals.This research were aimed to determine and calculatespecies of harmful algae in Banyuasin coastal waters. The study was conducted on April, June, August, October and December of 2013, and in February 2014, at ten stations. Phytoplankton samples were taken vertically using plankton nets. In the form of cone-shaped with a diameter of 30 cm, length 100 cm and mesh size 30 μm.The result showed that there are 35 genera of phytoplankton. That have been found and consisted of four groups; Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. 13 species were identified as Harmful Algal (Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Nitzschia, Skeletonema, Thalassiosira, Alexandrium, Ceratium, Dinophysis, Noctiluca, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Anabaena dan Oscillatoria), with seven of them were known for having toxin (Nitzschia, Alexandrium, Dinophysis, Protoperidinium Prorocentrum, Anabaena and Oscillatoria). Monitoring result showed that the highest number of species of potential harmful algal blooms (HABs) occured in June and the highest abundance occured in August, especially Chaetoceros and Skeletonema.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Aryawati, R., Bengen, D. G., Prartono, T., &amp; Zulkifli, H. (2016). Harmful Algal in Banyuasin Coastal Waters, South Sumatera. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(2), 231-239.</p>

National coastal management challenges and needs

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Nicole Elko ◽  
Tiffany Roberts Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
The U.S

In partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program (USGS CMHRP) and the U.S. Coastal Research Program (USCRP), the American Shore and Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA) has identified coastal stakeholders’ top coastal management challenges. Informed by two annual surveys, a multiple-choice online poll was conducted in 2019 to evaluate stakeholders’ most pressing problems and needs, including those they felt most ill-equipped to deal with in their day-to-day duties and which tools they most need to address these challenges. The survey also explored where users find technical information and what is missing. From these results, USGS CMHRP, USCRP, ASBPA, and other partners aim to identify research needs that will inform appropriate investments in useful science, tools, and resources to address today’s most pressing coastal challenges. The 15-question survey yielded 134 complete responses with an 80% completion rate from coastal stakeholders such as local community representatives and their industry consultants, state and federal agency representatives, and academics. Respondents from the East, Gulf, West, and Great Lakes coasts, as well as Alaska and Hawaii, were represented. Overall, the prioritized coastal management challenges identified by the survey were: Deteriorating ecosystems leading to reduced (environmental, recreational, economic, storm buffer) functionality, Increasing storminess due to climate change (i.e. more frequent and intense impacts), Coastal flooding, both Sea level rise and associated flooding (e.g. nuisance flooding, king tides), and Combined effects of rainfall and surge on urban flooding (i.e. episodic, short-term), Chronic beach erosion (i.e. high/increasing long-term erosion rates), and Coastal water quality, including harmful algal blooms (e.g. red tide, sargassum). A careful, systematic, and interdisciplinary approach should direct efforts to identify specific research needed to tackle these challenges. A notable shift in priorities from erosion to water-related challenges was recorded from respondents with organizations initially formed for beachfront management. In addition, affiliation-specific and regional responses varied, such as Floridians concern more with harmful algal blooms than any other human and ecosystem health related challenge. The most common need for additional coastal management tools and strategies related to adaptive coastal management to maintain community resilience and continuous storm barriers (dunes, structures), as the top long-term and extreme event needs, respectively. In response to questions about missing information that agencies can provide, respondents frequently mentioned up-to-date data on coastal systems and solutions to challenges as more important than additional tools.

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