scholarly journals Development of the Polish geothermal sector in the light of current possibilities of financial support for a geothermal investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 00034
Author(s):  
Anna Sowiżdżał ◽  
Barbara Tomaszewska ◽  
Anna Chmielowska
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Hydrogeothermal Resources

Geothermal energy is an internal heat of the Earth, that is a prospective and sustainable source of renewable energy. In Poland, despite having significant amount of low-temperature geothermal resources, its share in the national energy mix remains marginal but growing. Currently, the utilisation of geothermal resources is related to hydrogeothermal resources, that are used mainly in space heating, recreation and balneotherapy. Nevertheless, the indication of potential electricity production is under research. The utilisation of geothermal resources entails a plenty of environmental benefits that are particularly important in the context of the present pollution problem. Therefore, the development of the geothermal energy sector is of relevant importance and with appropriate legal and financial conditions it may have a bearing on improvement of the environment’s quality and, ipso facto, living in Poland. Thus, this paper presents numerous possibilities of obtaining a financial support for investments in geothermal energy sector. Selected funding and financial backing systems currently available in Poland are discussed. The importance of opportunity of obtaining a financial support for an investment as one of the crucial factors for the geothermal sector development is emphasised. Moreover, the examples of installations implemented in the country in the context of obtained funding are presented.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Abandoned Petroleum Wells in Geothermal Energy Sector. Worldwide Trends and Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Anna Chmielowska ◽  
Barbara Tomaszewska ◽  
Anna Sowiżdżał
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Oil Crises

Since the oil crises in the 1970s, geothermal resources have received much attention and researches aimed at its recognition have been conducted all around the globe. Nevertheless, the investment cost associated mainly with drilling works is a crucial limitation for the successful implementation of new geothermal projects. The radical solution affecting the cost effectiveness of any geothermal investments might be an adaptation of existing un-exploited boreholes of the oil and gas sector for geothermal purposes. Moreover, a few studies on heat and/or energy recovery from oil and gas provinces have indicated that a tremendous amount of geothermal energy co-exists with petroleum fields. Thereby, the article centres on global concepts related to the adaptation of boreholes after the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits or negative exploratory wells in order to exploit geothermal energy resources. Selected concepts focused on possible electricity production and the space heating sector are discussed. Other potential technologies based on utilization of geothermal energy attained by borehole heat exchangers are also indicated.

Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Guidati ◽  
Domenico Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Drilling Depth ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Deep Geothermal Energy

Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.

Discussion on the Distribution of Geothermal Resources Related to Urban Planning - Taking Dongying City, Shandong Province as an Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6664-6667
Author(s):  
Zuo Long Li ◽  
Hui Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Dongying City ◽  
Close Integration

This paper contrasts the distribution of geothermal resources with urban planning, analysis that energy is an important problem when urban development faced various difficulties currently. Geothermal energy as one of the options offers a better solution to this problem, if the development of geothermal resources is in close integration with the urban planning, it will have significant economic, social and environmental benefits. This paper takes Dongying City as an example in-depth analysis. The development of geothermal resources is in close integration with the urban planning.

scholarly journals Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development Based on Geothermal Energy Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović ◽  
Ana Vranješ ◽  
Dušan Ignjatović ◽  
Dejan Milenić ◽  
Olivera Krunić
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Different Temperatures

The study presented in this paper assessed the multidisciplinary approach of geothermal potential in the area of the most southeastern part of the Pannonian basin, focused on resources utilization. This study aims to present a method for the cascade use of geothermal energy as a source of thermal energy for space heating and cooling and as a resource for balneological purposes. Two particular sites were selected—one in a natural environment; the other within a small settlement. Geothermal resources come from different types of reservoirs having different temperatures and chemical compositions. At the first site, a geothermal spring with a temperature of 20.5 °C is considered for heat pump utilization, while at the second site, a geothermal well with a temperature of 54 °C is suitable for direct use. The calculated thermal power, which can be obtained from geothermal energy is in the range of 300 to 950 kW. The development concept was proposed with an architectural design to enable sustainable energy efficient development of wellness and spa/medical facilities that can be supported by local authorities. The resulting energy heating needs for different scenarios were 16–105 kW, which can be met in full by the use of geothermal energy.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Geothermal Energy Conversion Technology - A Potential Solution for Production of Electricity from Shallow Geothermal Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 7107-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagasree Garapati ◽  
Benjamin M. Adams ◽  
Jeffrey M. Bielicki ◽  
Philipp Schaedle ◽  
Jimmy B. Randolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Conversion Technology

scholarly journals Using open software to teach resource assessment of solar thermal and geothermal energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Aitor Urresti ◽  
Alvaro Campos ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi ◽  
Mirari Antxustegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Life Problems

The students of the Faculties of Engineering of the Universitty of Basque Country (Gipuzkoa-Eibar and Bilbao) in the last years of their studies, before becoming engineers, have the opportunity to select a block of subjects intended to enhance their knowledge on renewable energy systems. One of these subjects is Solar Thermal and Geothermal energy. These subjects are devoted to assessing the renewable energy resource, and designing optimal systems. Apart from the transmission of good practices, the focus is practical and is based on hands-on computer real-life exercises, which involves not only intensive programming using high-level software, but also the spatial representation of results. To that purpose two main open source codes are used: Octave (https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/), and QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/). Students learn how to address real-life problems regarding the geographical representation of solar radiation and low temperature geothermal resources using QGIS, and solar thermal system modelling using Octave.

scholarly journals GEOTHERMAL ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA AND HYDROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ITS EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrijana Stevanović ◽  
Boban Jolović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Banja Luka

One of the most used renewable energy sources worldwide is geothermal energy. Itrepresents the heat, originated by natural processes happen in the Earth interior. The hot springsphenomena are the most frequent natural manifestation of geothermal activity.Geothermal potentiality of some area can be estimated based on geothermal gradient. Geothermalgradient is a conductive terrestrial parameter that represents the degree of increasing of the Earthtemperature vs. depth. It is usually expressed in ⁰C/m or ⁰C/km. Different areas have differentthermal gradients and thus different geothermal potential. Generally, higher geothermal gradientscorrespond to areas containing more geothermal energy.Geothermal characteristics of the territory of the Republic of Srpska are closely related to itscomplex geological setting. It is the reason why geothermal characteristics are different from areato area. Higher geothermal potentiality is recognised in the northern parts of the entity, in the firstorder in Semberija, Posavina and Banja Luka regions.The use of geothermal energy with different fluid temperatures can be considered throughthe Lindaldiagram, who firstly proposed acomprehensive scale with appropriate temperatures for differentuses. High temperature fluids are mostly used for electricity production and moderate and lowtemperature fluids for the direct use.Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Srpska hasfavourable geothermal properties, utilization of this kind of renewable energy resource isinadequate. Especially indicative are data about the use of geothermal energy by heat pumps (inbad sense) in comparison with praxis of developed countries.Chemical composition of thermal waters plays very important role and can be used in itsexploration stage, for analyses of possibility of its use and for prediction of exploitation effects, aswell. This kind of renewable energyresource, highly ecologically recommended, must be consideredmore seriously in the future in the Republic of Srpska. Furthermore, it must be put into the energystrategic documentsin appropriate manner.

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