scholarly journals An OpenFOAM simulation of the natural ventilation system in a university chemical laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
M Córdova-Suárez ◽  
O. Tene-Salazar ◽  
F. Tigre-Ortega ◽  
S. Carrillo-Ríos ◽  
D. Córdova-Suárez ◽  
...  

The indoor airflow with a natural ventilation system was numerically calculated using the laminar and turbulent approach. In the chemical laboratory of the Technical University of Ambato, the computational code OpenFoam demonstrated an ability to numerically predict flow patterns. The design contemplated the natural ventilation system considering the laboratories’ working conditions not only in summer, but also in a winter week. These two operating conditions are calculated on a fully open and closed environment. For a room with a capacity of 20 people, the climate data average values were recorded at 14.0 ° C, 81.7%, 1.7 m /s for temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, respectively. Furthermore, the demonstration has shown that the homogeneous occupancy air speed average is was 0.7 m / s with a facade air intake of 1.0 m / s 0.6 m / s in the room valid for the exchange of air and evacuation of pollutants. The maximum pressures were found in the lower part of the laboratory. This prevents the modification of the thermo-hygrometric conditions.

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Catalin Lungu ◽  
Florin Baltaretu

In this paper the authors describe a HVAC innovative system using an integrated greenhouse for heating and cooling an office building. The ventilation system allows natural (night) or mechanical ventilation and the passive cooling during the summer, including cold storage in the building structure and the PCM plywood and the refrigeration energy use during the day. Natural ventilation occurs when the wind or the Venturi effect, created by the « hat » that supports the photovoltaic panels, is strong enough; otherwise, a variable speed exhaust fan mounted on top of the building is used. The plants inside the greenhouse can produce O2 under certain conditions necessary for refreshing the ventilation air. The environment of the greenhouse allows air humidification naturally, without the use of humidifiers. If the greenhouse is sufficiently insulated in winter, it can be used in the ventilation process: the air intake from offices through the greenhouse, humidified and enriched in O2 (premixed, if necessary, with fresh air) reaches the general air treatment unit, and then sent back. The process is similar in the summer, but without recirculation, due to the humidity of the air extracted from offices. Stale air humidification enhances the thermal transfer process from the desiccant collector.


2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 1706-1711
Author(s):  
Dong Yang ◽  
Qing Mei Wen ◽  
Cong Ju Zhang ◽  
Xue Ting Liu ◽  
Shi Jun Wei

This paper introduces the principle and characteristics of roof radiant cooling and displacement ventilation system, using numerical simulation method, the indoor airflow velocity and temperature field of the typical bedroom which uses the composite system in Ji'nan City under the different supply air velocity was calculated. The experimental results show that when the air temperature is 295.15K, to keep the indoor vertical temperature less than 3 °C, air speed should be greater than 0.1m/s and less than or equal to 0.3m/s, to provide reference for the application of roof radiant cooling and displacement ventilation system.


Author(s):  
E. A. Anshukova ◽  

The operating conditions of a warm attic as an element of natural ventilation of a multi-storey residential building have an impact on the efficiency of the entire ventilation system performance, as well as on the condition of the enclosing structures. The study of the distribution of microclimate parameters in its volume makes it possible to more fully assess the ongoing processes. The result of calculating the rate of air outflow from the ventilation shaft of a warm attic by mathematical modeling is provided.


2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1440-1445
Author(s):  
Wen Cai Wang ◽  
Jun Sen Lin ◽  
Jun Duan ◽  
Wen Bin Wei ◽  
Shao Xiang Chen ◽  
...  

By analysis the form of gas percolation in coalfield fire, the follow conclusion is obtained : under the influence of natural wind pressure and fire pressure, natural ventilation system of coalfield outcrop is formed automatically during coal spontaneous combustion, which exists in two forms, one is the fresh airflow percolation in caving zone and its pore, the other is coal combustion gases migration movements in cracks after sliding. The fluent numerical simulations show that natural ventilation system in coalfield outcrop fire district is a vacuum ventilation system; From inlet to combustion area air intake line, air pressure and gas percolation on linear relationship, and gas percolation meets Darcy law in the porous medium percolation theory.


Author(s):  
Bronius Kavolėlis ◽  
Rolandas Bleizgys ◽  
Jonas Čėsna

In designing a natural ventilation system for animal sheds it is necessary to assess the ventilation induced by thermal buoyancy and wind forces during different seasons and under different animal housing conditions. By applying analytical and experimental investigation a methodology was prepared to establish ventilation intensity caused by thermal buoyancy and wind and data were achieved on thermal buoyancy and wind values and their relationship. The innovation of the methodology can be described by the fact that a simple equation was formed to calculate the air speed in inlet and outlet openings, a mathematical expression of thermal buoyancy and wind ratio was achieved and the required inlet opening area to let in fresh air compared with the outlet opening area to let out polluted air was substantiated to ensure that all polluted air is removed through a rooftop open in winter. It was calculated that the average air speed in the rooftop outlet opening of a typical cold‐type cowshed is 1.3 m/s (when there is no wind, this speed decreases to 0.3 m/s), thermal buoyancy and wind ratio is 0.27 and in order to have all polluted air removed through the rooftop open in winter the inlet opening area in the walls must not exceed 40% of the rooftop opening area. The accuracy of the prepared methodology was tested under natural conditions of barn operation when the distance between air inlet openings and outlet openings was 6.5 m. During the investigation indoor and outdoor temperatures, air speed in the outlet and wind speed were measured. During the experiments the difference of indoor and outdoor temperatures varied from ‐2 to +16°C and air speed in the outlet ‐ from 1.2 to 1.9 m/s. The analytical results reflect the mean values of experimental data under natural conditions of operation rather accurately. The difference between the experimental and calculated air speed values in the outlet opening was insignificant and was within 0–8% range. Santrauka Projektuojant tvarto natūralaus vėdinimo sistemą, reikia įvertinti gravitacinės ir vėjo jėgos skirtingais metų laikais bei skirtingomis gyvulių laikymo sąlygomis sukeltą trauką. Taikant analizinius ir eksperimentinius tyrimus, sudaryta metodika gravitacinės ir vėjo traukos sukeltam vėdinimo intensyvumui nustatyti, gauti duomenys apie gravitacinės ir vėjo traukos reikšmes bei jų santykį. Metodika yra nauja. Sudaryta paprasta lygtis oro greičiui įėjimo ir šalinimo angose skaičiuoti, gauta gravitacinės ir vėjo traukos santykio matematinė išraiška, pagrįstas angų plotas, reikalingas šviežiam orui į patalpą įeiti. Šis plotas lyginamas su angų užterštam orui šalinti plotu, nes visas užterštas oras žiemą turi būti šalinamas per kraigo plyšį. Apskaičiuota, kad tipiškoje neapšiltintoje karvidėje vidutinis oro judėjimo greitis kraigo plyšyje – 1,3 m/s (kai vėjo nėra šis greitis sumažėja iki 0,3 m/s), gravitacinės ir vėjo traukos santykis – 0,27. Tam, kad žiemą visas šalinamas oras išeitų per kraigo plyšį, angų orui įeiti sienose plotas turi neviršyti 40 % kraigo plyšio ploto. Sudarytos metodikos tikslumas patikrintas tvarto natūralios eksploatacijos sąlygomis, kai atstumas tarp oro įėjimo angų ir šachtos viršaus – 6,5 m. Tiriant matuota patalpos ir lauko oro temperatūra, oro greitis šachtoje. Tyrimų metu patalpos ir lauko oro temperatūrų skirtumas kito nuo –2 °C iki +16 °C, o oro judėjimo greitis šachtoje – nuo 1,2 m/s iki 1,9 m/s. Analiziniai rezultatai pakankamai tiksliai atspindi eksperimentinių duomenų vidurkį tvarto natūralios eksploatacijos sąlygomis. Eksperimentinių ir apskaičiuotų oro judėjimo šalinimo angoje greičių reikšmių skirtumas buvo nežymus ir svyravo nuo 0 % iki 8 %. Резюме При проектировании системы воздухообмена здания необходимо учитывать воздухообмен, происходящий под действием тепловых избытков и ветра в разные сезоны года и при разных условиях содержания животных. В результате аналитических и зкспериментальных исследований разработана методика для расчета параметров системы воздухообмена животноводческого помещения, которая обеспечивает стабильную тягу. В методике приведены простые формулы для расчета скорости воздуха в приточных и вытяжных проемах, для определения рационального соотношения площади приточных и вытяжных проемов, для отдельного учета действия тепловых избытков и ветра на производительность системы воздухообмена. Согласно расчетам в типичном неутепленном коровнике шириной 21 м средняя скорость вытяжного воздуха в коньковой щели составляет 1,3 м/с (при отсутствии ветра – 0,3 м/с), соотношение гравитационной и ветровой тяги – 0,27. Для обеспечения стабильной тяги в холодный период года площадь приточных стеновых проемов должна составлять не более 40% площади конькового проема. Точность методики проверена в условиях натуральной эксплуатации животноводческого помещения, в котором расстояние между центрами приточных и вытяжных проемов равно 6,5 м. Во время исследований измерялась наружная и внутренняя температура воздуха, скорость движения воздуха в вытяжном проеме и скорость ветра. Температурный перепад между внутренним и наружным воздухом изменялся от –2 °С до +16 °С, а скорость движения воздуха в вытяжном проеме была 1,2–1,9 м/с. Разница между результатами расчета и экспериментальными данными не превышала 8%. Поэтому можно утверждать, что точность разработанной методики достаточна.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Jianwei Shao ◽  
Cuidong Xu ◽  
Ka Wai Eric Cheng

The rail transit system is a large electric vehicle system that is strongly dependent on the energy technologies of the power system. The use of new energy-saving amorphous alloy transformers can not only reduce the loss of rail transit power, but also help alleviate the power shortage situation and electromagnetic emissions. The application of the transformer in the field of rail transit is limited by the problem that amorphous alloy is prone to debris. this paper studied the stress conditions of amorphous alloy transformer cores under different working conditions and determined that the location where the core is prone to fragmentation, which is the key problem of smoothly integrating amorphous alloy distribution transformers on rail transit power supply systems. In this study, we investigate the changes in the electromagnetic field and stress of the amorphous alloy transformer core under different operating conditions. The finite element model of an amorphous alloy transformer is established and verified. The simulation results of the magnetic field and stress of the core under different working conditions are given. The no-load current and no-load loss are simulated and compared with the actual experimental data to verify practicability of amorphous alloy transformers. The biggest influence on the iron core is the overload state and the maximum value is higher than the core stress during short circuit. The core strain caused by the side-phase short circuit is larger than the middle-phase short circuit.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110160
Author(s):  
Kai Yip Lee ◽  
Cheuk Ming Mak

This study investigated effects of incident wind angles on wind velocity distributions in wakes of two generic building configurations, namely, ‘T’- and ‘+’-shaped, and the air pressure distributions along their leeward walls by using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results show that when the wind approaches laterally (90°) (vs. when the wind is direct (0°)), the downwind length and maximum bilateral width of the low-wind velocity zone in the wake of ‘T’-shaped building decrease by 11.5% and 37.9%, respectively. When the incident wind is oblique (45°) (vs. when it is direct), the length and width of this low-wind velocity zone in the wake of ‘+’-shaped building decrease by 15.0% and 30.9%, respectively. Furthermore, results show that the air pressure on the leeward walls of the ‘T’- and ‘+’-shaped buildings gradually decreases along with the building height. The resulting low-wind conditions on upper floors of buildings reduce the fresh air intake of their leeward units utilizing natural ventilation. It is particularly apparent in the case of direct approaching wind. Thus, the appropriate selection of building configurations and their orientations allows for the most effective use of wind to enhance ventilation in indoor and urban environments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Boris Basok ◽  
Ihor Bozhko ◽  
Maryna Novitska ◽  
Aleksandr Nedbailo ◽  
Myroslav Tkachenko

This article is devoted to the analysis of the heat engineering characteristics of the operation of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger, EAHE, with a circular cross-sectional shape, which is a component of the geothermal ventilation system. The authors analyzed literature sources devoted to the research of heat exchangers of the soil-air type of various designs and for working conditions in various soils. Much attention is paid to the issues of modeling the operation of such heat exchangers and the distinctive features of each of these models. Also important are the results of experimental studies carried out on our own experimental bench and with the help of which the numerical model was validated. The results of these studies are the basis for the development of a method for determining the optimal diameter of an EAHE under operating conditions for soil in Kyiv, Ukraine.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Ahumada ◽  
Arnaldo Verdeza ◽  
Antonio J. Bula

This paper studied, through an experiment design, the significance of particle size, air speed and reactor arrangement for palm shell micro-gasification process in order to optimize the heating value of the syngas obtained. The range of variables was 8 to 13 mm for particle size, 0.8–1.4m/s for air velocity, and updraft or downdraft for the reactor type. It was found that the particle size and air velocity factors were the most significant in the optimization of the output variable, syngas heating value. A heating value of 2.69MJ / Nm3 was obtained using a fixed bed downdraft reactor, with a particle size of 13 mm and 1.4 m/s for air speed; verification of the optimum point of operation under these conditions verified that these operating conditions favor the production of a gas with a high energy value.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8130
Author(s):  
Ziwen Dong ◽  
Liting Zhang ◽  
Yongwen Yang ◽  
Qifen Li ◽  
Hao Huang

Stratified air distribution systems are commonly used in large space buildings. The research on the airflow organization of stratified air conditioners is deficient in terms of the analysis of multivariable factors. Moreover, studies on the coupled operation of stratified air conditioners and natural ventilation are few. In this paper, taking a Shanghai Airport Terminal departure hall for the study, air distribution and thermal comfort of the cross-section at a height of 1.6 m are simulated and compared under different working conditions, and the effect of natural ventilation coupling operation is studied. The results show that the air distribution is the most uniform and the thermal comfort is the best (predicted mean vote is 0.428, predicted percentage of dissatisfaction is 15.2%) when the working conditions are 5.9% air supply speed, 11 °C cooling temperature difference and 0° air supply angle. With the coupled operation of natural ventilation, the thermal comfort can be improved from Grade II to Grade I.


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