History and prospects of the application of X-ray in seed production and seed studies

A retrospective analysis of the history of the application of the method of radiography in the course of studies of the structure of seeds for the purposes of seed production and seed studies was carried out. It is shown that the beginning of X-ray studies of seeds is directly related to the development in the late 70s of the last century in the Special Design Bureau for X-ray Instruments, Leningrad Association of Electronic Instrumentation “Svetlana” of a specialized X-ray apparatus based on the X-ray emitter REIS with a voltage of 25 kV. The methodological part of the research was provided by the leading specialized enterprises of our country, now they are FSBSI API, FSBI Research Institute for Storage Problems of the Federal Reserve FSBSI FSVC. In the early 2000s, ETU “LETI”, represented by a small enterprise of the Technopark LETI, CJSC “ELTECH-Med”, actively joined the research. LETI is associated with the transition to digital receivers of X-ray images, which made it possible to fundamentally increase the efficiency of research by employees of CJSC “ELTECH-Med” together with specialists from Agrophysical Research Institute, FSBI Research Institute for Storage Problems of the Federal Reserve, FSBSI FSVC developed a number of technical means for obtaining digital 2 and 3 dimensional X-ray images of seeds.

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Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn, 3 December 1886 - 24 September 1978

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.1991.0022 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 427-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Physics ◽

Nobel Laureate ◽

Experimental Physics ◽

X Ray ◽

History Of ◽

Research Institute

Manne Siegbahn, Nobel laureate for his discoveries and investigations in X-ray spectroscopy, and creator of Sweden’s first research institute for nuclear physics, occupies one of the most honourable places in the history of Swedish experimental physics.

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The 3-Dimensional Molecular Structure of the Actin Filament Revisited

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119223 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

U. Aebi ◽

R. Millonig ◽

H. Salvo

Keyword(s):

Actin Filament ◽

Supramolecular Assembly ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Single Filament ◽

X Ray ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Filament Diameter ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Apparent Diameter

To date, most 3-D reconstructions of undecorated actin filaments have been obtained from actin filament paracrystal data (for refs, see 1,2). However, due to the fact that (a) the paracrystals may be several filament layers thick, and (b) adjacent filaments may sustantially interdigitate, these reconstructions may be subject to significant artifacts. None of these reconstructions has permitted unambiguous tracing or orientation of the actin subunits within the filament. Furthermore, measured values for the maximal filament diameter both determined by EM and by X-ray diffraction analysis, vary between 6 and 10 nm. Obviously, the apparent diameter of the actin filament revealed in the EM will critically depend on specimen preparation, since it is a rather flexible supramolecular assembly which can easily be bent or distorted. To resolve some of these ambiguities, we have explored specimen preparation conditions which may preserve single filaments sufficiently straight and helically ordered to be suitable for single filament 3-D reconstructions, possibly revealing molecular detail.

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Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v24i2.152 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

MA Hayee ◽

QD Mohammad ◽

H Rahman ◽

M Hakim ◽

SM Kibria

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

X Ray ◽

Medical College ◽

Lingual Dystonia ◽

History Of ◽

Chest X Ray

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)

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Highlights in the history of X-ray topography1

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials ◽

10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.394 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 210 (6) ◽

Author(s):

A. R. Lang

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Domain ◽

Diffraction Theory ◽

Dislocation Loops ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Domain Structures ◽

Structure Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Dislocation Sources ◽

Non Destructive

AbstractX-ray topography provides a non-destructive method of mapping point-by-point variations in orientation and reflecting power within crystals. The discovery, made by several workers independently, that in nearly perfect crystals it was possible to detect individual dislocations by X-ray diffraction contrast started an epoch of rapid exploitation of X-ray topography as a new, general method for assessing crystal perfection. Another discovery, that of X-ray Pendellösung, led to important theoretical developments in X-ray diffraction theory and to a new and precise method for measuring structure factors on an absolute scale. Other highlights picked out for mention are studies of Frank-Read dislocation sources, the discovery of long dislocation helices and lines of coaxial dislocation loops in aluminium, of internal magnetic domain structures in Fe-3 wt.% Si, and of stacking faults in silicon and natural diamonds.

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Visualization Ability of Phase-Contrast Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Imaging Using an X-Ray Interferometer in Soft Tissue Tumors

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/15330338211010121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382110101

Author(s):

Thet-Thet Lwin ◽

Akio Yoneyama ◽

Hiroko Maruyama ◽

Tohoru Takeda

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Soft Tissue Tumors ◽

X Ray ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

X Ray Computed

Phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer provides high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, and it has the ability to depict the fine morphological structures of biological soft tissues, including tumors. In this study, we quantitatively compared phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images and images of histopathological hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of spontaneously occurring rat testicular tumors that contained different types of cells. The absolute densities measured on the phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images correlated well with the densities of the nuclear chromatin in the histological images, thereby demonstrating the ability of phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer to reliably identify the characteristics of cancer cells within solid soft tissue tumors. In addition, 3-dimensional synchrotron-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography enables screening for different structures within tumors, such as solid, cystic, and fibrous tissues, and blood clots, from any direction and with a spatial resolution down to 26 μm. Thus, phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer shows potential for being useful in preclinical cancer research by providing the ability to depict the characteristics of tumor cells and by offering 3-dimensional information capabilities.

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Foreign Body in abdomen

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v14i2.22775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 210-212

Author(s):

Md Zakirul Alam ◽

Mohibul Aziz

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Foreign Body ◽

Medical Science ◽

X Ray ◽

Diagnostic Center ◽

History Of ◽

Upper Abdominal ◽

Married Female

A 19 years old married female presented with severe upper abdominal pain, repeated vomiting having history of swallowing a knife 7 months ago was admitted in Mordern Clinic and Diagnostic center, Joypurhat, Bangladesh. USG abdomen & X-ray (fig-1) abdomen were done when presence of a large foreign body (knife fig-3) in abdomen was made which latter on confirmed by Endoscopy of upper GIT (fig-2). Surprisingly the patient kept it in her abdomen for 7 months without any symptoms until the symptoms got worse and compelled her to seek medical help. The knife was removed by laparotomy, gastrotomy with uneventful recovery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.210-212

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The History of X-Ray Analysis

The Physics Teacher ◽

10.1119/1.2349162 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 295-300

Author(s):

Lawrence Bragg

Keyword(s):

X Ray ◽

History Of

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Plastic deformations in kyanites by tectonometamorphic processes: a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.2009.073.3.359 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 359-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. D. Gatta ◽

N. Rotiroti ◽

M. Zucali

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Plastic Deformations ◽

X Ray ◽

Deformational History ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Elliptical Section ◽

History Of ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Two Stages

AbstractThe crystalch emistry and crystal structure of naturalky anite crystals from the Eclogitic Micaschists Complex of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Italian Alps, have been investigated by means of optical microscopy, wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The association of kyanite + garnet + phengitic-mica + chloritoid suggests that the eclogite-facies stages occurred at P ≤ 2.1 GPa and T ≤ 650ºC. Kyanite grains are large (cm-sized) porphyroblasts grown dynamically during one of the deformational events related to the subduction of the Austroalpine continentalcr ust. Under the polarizing microscope, kyanite grains show almost homogeneous cores, whereas rims are sometimes symplectitic aggregates of quartz and kyanite, confirming at least two stages of growth most likely related to the multistage deformational history of these rocks. Chemical analysis shows that Fe3+ is the major substituting cation for Al3+, ranging between 0.038 and 0.067 a.p.f.u.The single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation of the kyanites shows severely textured patterns on the (h0l)*-plane. Such evidence is not observed in the unwarped diffraction patterns on (0kl)* and (hk0)*. The most significant difference between the structuralp arameters refined in this study, with respect to those of previously published unstrained gem-quality crystals, concerns the displacement parameters. The anisotropic displacement ellipsoids of all the atomic sites are significantly larger than those previously described, and systematically oriented with the largest elliptical section almost perpendicular to [010]. The larger ellipsoids in the kyanite crystal investigated here reflect the displacement of the centre of gravity of the electron distribution, rather than an anomalous atomic thermal motion. The magnitude and orientation of the displacement parameters and the textured/strained diffraction pattern may be the result of two combined effects: (1) that the kyanite crystals are actually composed of several blocks; (2) the crystals are affected by a pervasive residual strain, as a result of tectonometamorphic plastic deformations and re-crystallization.

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A HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100505040083 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 267-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ALLAN MELTZER ◽

C.A.E. GOODHART

Keyword(s):

Federal Reserve ◽

History Of

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SEM-based mineralogical mapping at the submicrometer-scale of modern Sardinian stromatolites

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7169 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juliette Debrie ◽

Dimitri Prêt ◽

Karim Benzerara ◽

Jean Paul Saint Martin

Keyword(s):

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Heterogeneous Distribution ◽

X Ray ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Saint Martin ◽

History Of ◽

Phase Recognition ◽

Mineral Mixtures ◽

Insight Into

Stromatolites, i.e. macroscopically laminated carbonate rocks formed by diverse microbial communities, are particularly emblematic geobiological materials since they are the oldest evidence of life-mineral interactions, dated up to 3.5 Gyrs ago. &#160;They are found throughout the history of the Earth and have received strong attention because they provide precious information about microbial paleobiodiversity and paleoenvironments. However, while this information is interpreted based on our knowledge about modern analogs, the latter remains very incomplete. Here, we studied recently discovered modern stromatolites from Mari Ermi1, a coastal pond in Western Sardinia, that seasonally experience severe evaporation and broad salinity variations. For this purpose, we explored the mineralogical composition of these unique sedimentary archives and its spatial variations in order to gain better insight into how mineral phases record the conditions and processes of their formation. We investigated the heterogeneous distribution of minerals using quantitative X-ray chemical maps provided by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDXS). Hyperspectral maps were analyzed using an innovative data treatment method 2 allowing phase recognition within the complex mineral mixtures and solid solutions encountered. This method provided quantitative data on&#160;spatial distribution, modal content and associated calculated unit formulas for each identified mineral and phase with a hundred nanometer resolution. Based on these results, we will discuss the origin of the laminations in the stromatolites.Reference:1. Saint Martin, J.-P. & Saint Martin, S. Geo-Eco-Marina 21, 35&#8211;53 (2015a).2. Pr&#234;t, D. et al. American Mineralogist 95, 1379&#8211;1388 (2010).

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