Experimental study on the evaporating progress of hexane lenses on water surface with different temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31102
Author(s):  
Aiqiang Chen ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Xinxin Miao ◽  
Jinghong Yin ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Surface Tension Gradient ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures

The evolution of an evaporating liquid on another nonmiscible fluid is important for many applications. An experimental study on the evaporation process of hexane lens on the surface of deionized water at different temperatures was carried out, and the surface temperature distribution characteristics and internal flow pattern evolution was analyzed. Results show that the surface temperature of hexane lens can be divided into two parts or three areas depending on the temperature of deionized water. The increasing temperature of deionized water gradually changes both vertical temperature gradient and radial temperature gradient inside hexane lens, and their competition determines the flow pattern inside the hexane lens. Flow along hexane edge caused by circumferential surface tension gradient forms a “low temperature channel” between the central low temperature region and the strong evaporation edge. The knowledge will benefit the fundamental understanding of evaporation characteristics of volatile droplets on a liquid surface.

Development of High Permeability Core Materials for Embeddable Inductors in Flexible Organic Substrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Liu ◽  
P. L. Cheng ◽  
S. Y. Y. Leung ◽  
T. W. Law ◽  
D. C. C. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spiral Inductors ◽  
Ceramic Tape

AbstractCapacitors, resistors and inductors are surface mounted components on circuit boards, which occupy up to 70% of the circuit board area. For selected applications, these passives are packaged inside green ceramic tape substrates and sintered at temperatures over 700°C in a co-fired process. These high temperature processes are incompatible with organic substrates, and low temperature processes are needed if passives are to be embedded into organic substrates. A new high permeability dual-phase Nickel Zinc Ferrite (DP NZF) core fabricated using a low temperature sol-gel route was developed for use in embedded inductors in organic substrates. Crystalline NZF powder was added to the sol-gel precursor of NZF. The solution was deposited onto the substrates as thin films and heat-treated at different temperatures. The changes in the microstructures were characterized using XRD and SEM. Results showed that addition of NZF powder induced low temperature transformation of the sol-gel NZF phase to high permeability phase at 250°C, which is approximately 350°C lower than transformation temperature for pure NZF sol gel films. Electrical measurements of DP NZF cored two-layered spiral inductors indicated that the inductance increased by three times compared to inductors without the DP NZF cores. From microstructural observations, the increase is correlated with the changes in microstructural connectivity of the powder phase.

Experimental study of high rate pond system treating piggery wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Wang ◽  
Wenyi Dong ◽  
Jinlan Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Economic Analyses

The results of an experimental study conducted in a full-scale high rate pond system treating piggery wastewater at Jianfengshan Piggery, Panyu City, Guandong Province, are presented. The system consists of two advanced anaerobic ponds (AAP) in parallel, followed by an anaerobic transformation pond (ATP) and a five-cell algae-bacterial pond (ABP). The mechanism of the AAP is described and the hydraulic flow pattern analyzed. Fermentation pits (FP) built on the bottom performed very efficiently, operating like UASB in principle. A new concept of ATP is advanced, based on its ability to transform poorly degradable materials to more easily degradable ones. It was found in the study that the HRP system was more efficient, more reliable and saved 40% land area compared with a conventional pond system. Economic analyses of both the energy consumption and the benefit to the pond system of fish farming are also included in the paper.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Dependency of Shear Strain of LRB and SHDR: Experimental Study

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Chao-Yong Shen ◽  
Xiang-Yun Huang ◽  
Yang-Yang Chen ◽  
Yu-Hong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Characteristic Strength ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Loading Sequence ◽  
G Value

In this research we conducted a sensitivity experimental study where we explored the dependency of the shear strain on the seismic properties of bearings, namely lead rubber bearing (LRB) and super high damping rubber bearing (SHDR). The factors studied were vertical pressure, temperature, shear modulus of the inner rubber (G value), loading frequency, and loading sequence. Six specimens were adopted, i.e., three LRBs and three SHDR bearings. A series of test plans were designed. The seismic characteristics of the bearings were captured through a cyclic loading test, which included post-yield stiffness, characteristic strength, area of a single cycle of the hysteretic loop, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent damping ratio. A whole analysis of variances was then conducted. At the same time, to explore certain phenomena caused by the factors, an extended discussion was carried out. Test results showed that the temperature is the most dominant feature, whereas the G value is the least contributing factor, with the effect of the loading frequency and the loading sequence found between these two. The increment of the post-yielded stiffness for LRB from 100% to 25% is a significant reduction from a low temperature to high one. The slope of the characteristic strength versus the shear strain for LRB under high temperature is larger than the one under low temperature.

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