A method to assess the surface power density brought by an electric arc of short duration, and short electrode gap to the electrodes – example of copper electrodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Testé ◽  
T. Leblanc ◽  
R. Andlauer
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Copper Electrodes

Carbon Nano Tube-Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposite Electrodes for Porous Polydimethylsiloxane Sponge-Based Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4680-4684
Author(s):  
Dae-Hyeon Kwon ◽  
Jaebum Jeong ◽  
Yongju Lee ◽  
Jun-Kyu Park ◽  
Suwoong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Flexible Electrodes ◽  
Flexible Devices ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Polymer Hybrid ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube

Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted much attention because of its environmentally friendly, practical, and cost-producing advantages. In flexible TENGs, it is important to study the flexible electrodes in order to fabricate the fully flexible devices. Here, we compared electrical characteristics of the sponge porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible TENGs with two types of flexible electrodes, copper and carbon nanotube (CNT)-PDMS electrodes. The output voltage and maximum power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with copper and CNTPDMS electrodes were compared. The voltage and power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with CNT-PDMS electrodes were improved compare to those with copper electrodes. The output voltage and the maximum power density of sponge PDMS-based flexible TENGs with copper and CNT-PDMS electrodes increased 4 times and 7 times, respectively. It is attributed to higher electrical conductivity and stably flow electricity of CNT than those of copper.

scholarly journals Thermal Plasma of Electric Arc Discharge Between Composite Cu-Cr Electrsodes: Optical Emission and Electrode Surface Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
A. Murmantsev ◽  
A. Veklich ◽  
V. Boretskij ◽  
M. Bartlová ◽  
L. Dostál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Electric Arc Discharge ◽  
Surface Modified

This work deals with investigations of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between sintered composite Cu-Cr electrodes, which can be used in electrical contacts of vacuum circuit breakers. Breaking arcs between composite Cu-Cr as well as single-component copper electrodes were used to study the electrical properties, plasma optical emission and electrodes surface modification behavior. In particular, the temporal evolution of plasma emission spectra of electric breaking arcs in air atmosphere was investigated by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) were applied to analyze the cross-section of working layer of electrodes surface modified by the heat flux from the discharge.

scholarly journals Stability, spatial extension and extinction of an electric arc in aeronautical conditions of pressure under 540 V DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 30901
Author(s):  
Romaric Landfried ◽  
Mohamed Boukhlifa ◽  
Thierry Leblanc ◽  
Philippe Teste ◽  
Jonathan Andrea
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Arc Current ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Energy Dissipated

This work deals with the characterization of DC electric arcs in aeronautical conditions of pressure (from 104 Pa to 105 Pa). Observations have been made with the help of a high speed camera and various characteristics of electric arc under 540 V DC have been studied: the stability arc length, the extinction gap, the arc duration and the mean energy dissipated in the arc. The arc current intensity range is 10–100 A. The obtained results show that the arc stability length, extinction electrode gap, arc duration and energy dissipation in the arc have a direct correlation with the pressure and the current in the circuit.

scholarly journals Application of Optical Spectrophotometry for Analysis of Radiation Spectrum Emitted by Electric Arc in the Air

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kozioł ◽  
Daria Wotzka ◽  
Tomasz Boczar ◽  
Paweł Frącz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Optical Spectrophotometry

This paper presents the results of measurement and analysis of optical radiation emitted by a free burning electric arc. The aim was to determine the application possibilities of optical spectrophotometry for detection of electric arcs. The research works considered electric arc generated with a constant voltage supply between two copper electrodes in the air, carried out under laboratory conditions. A high resolution optical spectrophotometer was used for registration of optical radiation. The analyses involved determination of two dimensionless descriptors obtained for the gathered spectra. Moreover, for each of the registered intensity distributions, the energy values were calculated for three frequency ranges. Based on the measured signals, the possibility of application of spectrophotometry for the optical radiation analysis was confirmed. The analysis indicated that the most energy of optical radiation is detected for the range of 200–780 nm, while above 780 nm almost no optical energy is emitted. Spectrophotometric studies performed in the UV-NIR range are of interest since one can obtain information about the structural defects (at lower wavebands) or impurities and/or point defects (at low energies bands). It was also stated that the obtained descriptors may be applied for diagnosis and identification of electric arc purposes.

Study of the electrode gap influence on electrode erosion under the action of an electric arc

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Gouega ◽  
Ph. Teste ◽  
R. Andlauer ◽  
T. Leblanc ◽  
J.-P. Chabrerie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electrode Erosion ◽  
Electrode Gap

scholarly journals Plasma Peculiarities of Arc Discharge Between Carbon-Copper Electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
A. Veklich ◽  
S. Fesenko ◽  
V. Boretskij
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Plasma Properties ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Arc Discharges ◽  
Discharge Gap

Composite materials on carbon-copper base have advanced electric and exploitation characteristics. They usually used as materials for sliding contacts for high-speed railway. Arc discharges appear during pantograph lowering process in pantograph-catenary system, so injection of contact material into discharge gap has place. Therefore, investigations of electric arc plasma between such composite electrodes can be useful for further optimization of materials. It would be very useful as well to examine the peculiarities of electric arc plasma and contacts’ working surface interaction. So, the aim of this work is spectroscopy investigations of electric arc discharge plasma between C-Cu composite electrodes. The mutual correlation of plasma properties and composition of contacts’ was found.

Solutions for Improving Spark Plug Life in High Efficiency, High Power Density, Natural Gas Engines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Emmanuella McCoole ◽  
Luigi Tozzi ◽  
Daniel L. Tribble
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Engine Power

Short spark plug life, resulting in increased engine downtime and operating costs, is the primary factor limiting the power density and thermal efficiency in lean burn natural gas engines. Fundamentally, as engine power density increases, spark plug life decreases. Common approaches to increasing spark plug life include use of high melting temperature electrode materials and increased electrode surface area. However, future targets for engine efficiency and power density require more effective system solutions. In order to achieve these system solutions, work has been focused on developing an empirically derived electrode erosion model. This model quantifies spark plug life as a function of spark discharge characteristics, spark plug electrode design, and flow fields in the vicinity of the spark plug gap for different engine power densities. Furthermore, quenching effects resulting from large surface electrodes and smaller spark gaps have been included to verify ignitability for given in-cylinder charge density and air/fuel ratio conditions. A good agreement between experimental data and model predictions has been demonstrated. Finally, a solution for extending spark plug life in high efficiency, high power density, natural gas engines has been proposed. This solution combines high spark power with a spark plug design consisting of small electrode gap, large electrode surface, and with enhanced flow fields at the electrode gap.

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