scholarly journals Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum derived from the Data of EAS Cherenkov Light Arrays in the Tunka Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
V. Prosin ◽  
I. Astapov ◽  
P. Bezyazeekov ◽  
A. Borodin ◽  
M. Brückner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Differential Energy Spectrum ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

The extensive air shower Cherenkov light array Tunka-133 collected data during 7 winter seasons from 2009 to 2017. From 2175 hours of data taking, we derived the differential energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the energy range 6 · 1015 2 · 1018 eV. The TAIGA-HiSCORE array is in the process of continuous expansion and modernization. Here we present the results obtained with 28 stations of the first HiSCORE stage from 35 clear moonless nights in the winter of 2017-2018. The combined spectrum of two arrays covers a range of 2 · 1014 – 2 · 1018 eV.

Estimating of Cherenkov Radiation in Extensive Air Showers Using CORSIKA Code for Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Given

The simulation of Cherenkov light Lateral distribution function (LDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated primary particles such as primary calcium, argon, proton iron nuclei, neutron and nitrogen have been performed using CORSIKA program for conditions and configurations of Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov array. The simulation was fulfilled at the high energy range 1014-1016eV for four different zenith angles 0o, 10o, 15oand 30o. The results of the simulated Cherenkov light LDF are compared with the measurements of Tunka133 EAS array for the same particles and energy range mentioned above. This comparison may give the good ability to reconstruct the energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in EAS. The main feature of the given approach consists of the possibility to make a library of Cherenkov light LDF samples which could be utilized for analysis of real events which can be detected with different EAS arrays and reconstruction of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition of EAS particles.

scholarly journals The HiSCORE Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tluczykont ◽  
M. Brückner ◽  
N. Budnev ◽  
O. Chvalaev ◽  
A. Dyachok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hybrid Detector ◽  
Cosmic Origin

A central question of Astroparticle Physics, the origin of cosmic rays, still remains unsolved. HiSCORE (Hundred*i Square-km Cosmic ORigin Explorer) is a concept for a large-area wide-angle non-imaging air shower detector, addressing this question by searching for cosmic ray pevatrons in the energy range from 10TeV to few PeV and cosmic rays in the energy range above 100TeV. In the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE project, first prototypes have been deployed on the site of the Tunka-133 experiment, where we plan to install an engineering array covering an area of the order of 1km<sup>2</sup>. On the same site, also imaging and particle detectors are planned, potentially allowing a future hybrid detector system. Here we present the HiSCORE detector principle, its potential for cosmic ray origin search and the status of ongoing activities in the framework of the Tunka-HiSCORE experiment.

scholarly journals THE EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
DONGHWA KANG ◽  
W. D. APEL ◽  
J. C. ARTEAGA ◽  
F. BADEA ◽  
K. BEKK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Scintillation Detector ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Muon Tracking ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Combined Measurements ◽  
Scintillator Array

The extensive air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector and Grande array) is located on site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany. The original KASCADE experiment consisted of a densely packed scintillator array with unshielded and shielded detectors for the measurement of the electromagnetic and muonic shower component independently, as well as muon tracking devices and a hadron calorimeter. The Grande array as an extension of KASCADE consists of 37 scintillation detector stations covering an area of 700×700 m2. The main goal for the combined measurements of KASCADE and Grande is the investigation of the energy spectrum and composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016 to 1018 eV. In this paper an overview of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and recent results will be presented.

scholarly journals Measurement of Energy Spectrum and Elemental Composition of PeV Cosmic Rays: Open Problems and Prospects

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Sciascio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties

Cosmic rays represent one of the most important energy transformation processes of the universe. They bring information about the surrounding universe, our galaxy, and very probably also the extragalactic space, at least at the highest observed energies. More than one century after their discovery, we have no definitive models yet about the origin, acceleration and propagation processes of the radiation. The main reason is that there are still significant discrepancies among the results obtained by different experiments located at ground level, probably due to unknown systematic uncertainties affecting the measurements. In this document, we will focus on the detection of galactic cosmic rays from ground with air shower arrays up to 1018 eV. The aim of this paper is to discuss the conflicting results in the 1015 eV energy range and the perspectives to clarify the origin of the so-called `knee’ in the all-particle energy spectrum, crucial to give a solid basis for models up to the end of the cosmic ray spectrum. We will provide elements useful to understand the basic techniques used in reconstructing primary particle characteristics (energy, mass, and arrival direction) from the ground, and to show why indirect measurements are difficult and results are still conflicting.

scholarly journals Towards a better estimation of energy and species of primary cosmic rays in the knee region with the Tibet hybrid experiment: Utilization of refined EAS lateral distributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
L. M. Zhai ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

A new hybrid experiment (YAC-II+Tibet-III+MD) located at Yangbajing has started to improve the capability of explicit measurements of the cosmic-ray components (P, He, CNO, Fe, etc) at the knee energy region since 2014. Considering the different features of air shower development for different primary cosmic-ray nuclei, using a full Monte Carlo simulation, we modified the lateral distribution functions for proton-induced, helium-induced and iron-induced air showers, respectively. The results show that the air shower size of different nuclei obtained by the modified Nishimura-Kamata-Greisen function is consistent with the true shower size within 5% systematic errors. Furthermore, we studied the Extensive Air Shower age parameter determination from the lateral distribution functions of charged particles near the air shower core with the Tibet hybrid experiment. The derived age parameter can be well used to estimate the particle type of the incident primary cosmic rays.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF A CHANGE OF SLOPE IN THE SPECTRUM OF HEAVY MASS COSMIC RAYS PRIMARIES BY THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
A. Chiavassa ◽  
W. D. Apel ◽  
J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Shower Size

KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays in the 1016 ÷ 1018 eV energy range. The array is composed by different detectors allowing independent measurements of the number of muons (Nμ) and charged particles (Nch) of extensive air showers (EAS). These two observables are then used to study the primary energy spectrum, separating the events in two samples, on the basis of the shower size ratio, corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere, lnNμ/ lnNch. The two samples represent the light and heavy mass groups of the primaries. In the studied energy range only the spectrum of heavy primaries shows a significant change of slope, the energy (estimated using the QGSJET II hadronic interaction model) of this feature is in agreeement with the expectations of a rigidity dependent knee feature.

The extensive air shower muon number spectrum beyond the knee in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
G. V. Kulikov ◽  
V. P. Sulakov ◽  
Yu. A. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS TRIGGERED BY PROTON, IRON AND GAMMA PRIMARIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6814-6816
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
E. FOKITIS ◽  
S. MALTEZOS ◽  
K. PATRINOS ◽  
A. DIMOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

Using the AIRES code, we have generated a large number of Extensive Air Showers corresponding to Ultra high energy cosmic ray gammas, protons and iron nuclei with energy range 1015 – 1022 eV. These simulations clearly show the different atmospheric depths of the Extensive Air Shower maxima in this energy range.

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