Radio Morphing - towards a fast computation of the radio signal from air-showers

Over the last decades, radio detection of air showers has been established as a promising detection technique for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Very large or dense antenna arrays are necessary to be proficient at collecting information about these particles and understanding their properties accurately. The exploitation of such arrays requires to run massive air-shower simulations to evaluate the radio signal at each antenna position, taking into account features such as the ground topology. In order to reduce computational costs, we have developed a fast computation of the emitted radio signal on the basis of generic shower simulations, called Radio Morphing. The method consists in the calculation of the radio signal of any air-shower by i) a scaling of the electric-field amplitude of a reference air shower to the target shower, ii) an isometry on the simulated positions and iii) an interpolation of the radio pulse at the desired position. This technique enables one to gain many orders of magnitude in CPU time compared to a standard computation. In this contribution, we present this novel tool and explain its methodology. In particular, Radio Morphing will be a key element for the simulation chain of the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project, that aims at detecting ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an array of 200 000 radio antennas in mountainous regions.

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CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x0603360x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (supp01) ◽

pp. 192-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. ARDOUIN ◽

A. BELLETOILE ◽

D. CHARRIER ◽

R. DALLIER ◽

L. DENIS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Ultra High Energy ◽

Air Showers ◽

Detection Experiment ◽

Transient Signals ◽

High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽

Air Shower ◽

Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

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RADIO DETECTION OF COSMIC RAYS WITH LOPES

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x0603357x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (supp01) ◽

pp. 168-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. HORNEFFER ◽

W. D. APEL ◽

F. BADEA ◽

L. BÄHREN ◽

K. BEKK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radio Pulse ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Radio Interference ◽

Air Showers ◽

Digital Radio ◽

Radio Receivers ◽

Air Shower ◽

Radio Detection ◽

Digital Radio Receivers

Measuring radio pulses from cosmic ray air showers offers various new opportunities. New digital radio receivers allow measurements of these radio pulses even in environments that have lots of radio interference. With high bandwidth ADCs and fast data processing it is possible to store the whole waveform information in digital form and analyse transient events like air showers even after they have been recorded. Digital filtering and beam forming can be used to suppress the radio interference so that it is possible to measure the radio pulses even in radio loud environments. LOPES is a prototype station for the new digital radio interferometer LOFAR and is tailored to measure air showers. For this it is located at the site of the KASCADE-Grande air shower experiment. Already with the first phase of LOPES we have been able to measure radio pulses from air showers and show correlations between the radio pulse height and air shower parameters. The first part gives an introduction and presents the science results of LOPES, while the second part presents the hard- and software that enables LOPES to detect air short pulses.

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Investigating the influence of diffractive interactions on ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x18501531 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (26) ◽

pp. 1850153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. B. Arbeletche ◽

V. P. Gonçalves ◽

M. A. Müller

Keyword(s):

Phenomenological Models ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Extensive Air Showers ◽

Ultrahigh Energy ◽

Air Showers ◽

Hadronic Interactions ◽

Air Shower ◽

Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽

The Impact ◽

Elasticity Number

The understanding of the basic properties of the ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers is dependent on the description of hadronic interactions in an energy range beyond that probed by the LHC. One of the uncertainties present in the modeling of air showers is the treatment of diffractive interactions, which are dominated by nonperturbative physics and usually described by phenomenological models. These interactions are expected to affect the development of the air showers, since they provide a way of transporting substantial amounts of energy deep in the atmosphere, modifying the global characteristics of the shower profile. In this paper, we investigate the impact of diffractive interactions in the observables that can be measured in hadronic collisions at high energies and ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions. We consider three distinct phenomenological models for the treatment of diffractive physics and estimate the influence of these interactions on the elasticity, number of secondaries, longitudinal air shower profiles and muon densities for proton-air and iron-air collisions at different primary energies. Our results demonstrate that even for the most recent models, diffractive events have a non-negligible effect on the observables and that the distinct approaches for these interactions, present in the phenomenological models, still are an important source of theoretical uncertainty for the description of the extensive air showers.

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Towards online triggering for the radio detection of air showers using deep neural networks

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921603004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 03004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florian Föhrer ◽

Tom Charnock ◽

Anne Zilles ◽

Matias Tueros

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Deep Neural Networks ◽

Air Showers ◽

Air Shower ◽

Single Antenna ◽

Radio Detection ◽

Radio Signals ◽

Trigger Algorithm ◽

Background Events ◽

Online Reconstruction

The detection of air-shower events via radio signals requires the development of a trigger algorithm for clean discrimination between signal and background events in order to reduce the data stream coming from false triggers. In this contribution we will describe an approach to trigger air-shower events on a single-antenna level aswell as performing an online reconstruction of the shower parameters using neural networks.

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Multi-wavelength observation of cosmic-ray air-showers with CODALEMA/EXTASIS

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921005003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 05003

Author(s):

Antony Escudie ◽

Didier Charrier ◽

Richard Dallier ◽

Daniel García-Fernández ◽

Alain Lecacheux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Strong Electric Field ◽

Radio Pulse ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Ground Level ◽

Air Showers ◽

Extensive Air Shower ◽

Air Shower ◽

Multi Wavelength ◽

Electric Field Profile

Since 2003, significant eﬀorts have been devoted to the understanding of the radio emission of extensive air shower in the range [20-200] MHz. Despite some studies led until the early nineties, the [1-10] MHz band has remained unused for 20 years. However, it has been measured by some pioneering experiments that extensive air shower emit a strong electric field in this band and that there is evidence of a large increase in the amplitude of the radio pulse at lower frequencies. The EXTASIS experiment, located within the Nançay Radioastronomy Observatory and supported by the CODALEMA experiment, aims to reinvestigate the [1-10] MHz band, and especially to study the so-called “Sudden Death” contribution, the expected electric field emitted by shower front when hitting the ground level. Currently, EXTASIS has confirmed some results obtained by the pioneering experiments, and tends to bring explanations to the other ones, for instance the role of the underlying atmospheric electric field. Moreover, CODALEMA has demonstrated that in the most commonly used frequency band ([20-80] MHz) the electric field profile of EAS can be well sampled, and contains all the information needed for the reconstruction of EAS: an automatic comparison between the SELFAS3 simulations and data has been developed, allowing us to reconstruct in an almost real time the primary cosmic ray characteristics.

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Study of muons from ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers measured with the Telescope Array experiment

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921002012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

R. Takeishi

Keyword(s):

Interaction Model ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Ultrahigh Energy ◽

Air Showers ◽

Hadronic Interaction ◽

Telescope Array ◽

Interaction Models ◽

Air Shower ◽

Number Of Particles

One of the uncertainties in ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons observed at the ground from UHECR induced air showers with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECRs by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08 (stat.) ± 0.42 (syst.) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for proton-induced showers. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic interaction models, such as QGSJET II-04.

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Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The European Physical Journal C ◽

10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8055-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Aab ◽

◽

P. Abreu ◽

M. Aglietta ◽

J. M. Albury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Measurement ◽

High Energy ◽

Extensive Air Showers ◽

Pierre Auger Observatory ◽

Ultra High Energy ◽

Air Showers ◽

Fluorescence Detector ◽

High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽

Air Shower ◽

Attenuation Corrected

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

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Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921602004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 02004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabrizia Canfora

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Atmospheric Depth ◽

Ultra High Energy ◽

Air Showers ◽

Radio Stations ◽

High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽

Air Shower ◽

Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

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Tokyo large air shower project

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p68-222 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. S255-S258 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. Matano ◽

M. Nagano ◽

K. Suga ◽

G. Tanahashi

Keyword(s):

Energy Spectrum ◽

Particle Density ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Size Spectrum ◽

Telemetry System ◽

Simple Experiment ◽

Air Showers ◽

Fundamental Idea ◽

Air Shower

A preliminary experiment to detect large air showers by means of radio echoes and to study the high-energy end of the primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum has been started at this Institute. The fundamental idea and the first approach of the experiment are presented. Using the telemetry system between two pairs of a simple scintillation array, which has been constructed to identify and calibrate the showers in the above experiment, the decoherence curve of air showers has been measured between 100 and 1 300 m together with the particle density in each detector. This simple experiment will give the power of the size spectrum above 109.

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