Comparison of ratio loaded and unloaded foot area of flat foot and healthy foot in younger adults

This study is aimed to investigate loaded and unloaded foot area ratio (RFA, ratio of foot area) as special tests for the basis of clinical examination of flat foot and healthy foot. Type of foot is determined by Cavanagh’s arch indexes (AI) which is the ratio between mid foot area to entire footprint area excluding the toes. Type of foot is called high arch when AI<0.21, normal/healthy foot when 0.26>AI≥0.21 and flat foot when AI>0.26. The entire loaded foot and footprint area for evaluating AI derived from a digital footprint is modified from document scanner, while the entire unloaded foot area derived from a 3D scanner. One hundred and two healthy students (87 males and 15 females, average aged 20 years and average BMI 22.51 kg/m2) is asked voluntarily for doing footprint and scan. From 102 subjects found 63 participants identified as flat foot and 31 subjects are healthy feet. This study proves that the higher the value of AI the higher the value of RFA and foot type can be predicted by the value of RFA. For type of foot is high arch RFA<0.49, for healthy foot 0.55>RFA≥0.49 and for flat foot RFA>0.55.

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What are the associations between neighbourhood walkability and sedentary time in New Zealand adults? The URBAN cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e016128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Erica Hinckson ◽

Ester Cerin ◽

Surzanne Mavoa ◽

Melody Smith ◽

Hannah Badland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Street Connectivity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neighbourhood Walkability ◽

Footprint Area

ObjectivesWe estimated associations between objectively determined neighbourhood ‘walkability’ attributes and accelerometer-derived sedentary time (ST) by sex, city or type of day.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe URBAN (Understanding the Relationship between Activity and Neighbourhoods) study was conducted in 48 neighbourhoods across four cities in New Zealand (August 2008 to October 2010).ParticipantsThe response rate was 41% (2029 recruited participants/5007 eligible households approached). In total, 1762 participants (aged 41.4±12.1, mean±SD) met the data inclusion criteria and were included in analyses.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe exposure variables were geographical information system (GIS) measures of neighbourhood walkability (ie, street connectivity, residential density, land-use mix, retail footprint area ratio) for street network buffers of 500 m and 1000 m around residential addresses. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The outcome measure was average daily minutes of ST.ResultsData were available from 1762 participants (aged 41.4±12.1 years; 58% women). No significant main effects of GIS-based neighbourhood walkability measures were found with ST. Retail footprint area ratio was negatively associated with sedentary time in women, significant only for 500 m residential buffers. An increase of 1 decile in street connectivity was significantly associated with a decrease of over 5 min of ST per day in Christchurch residents for both residential buffers.ConclusionNeighbourhoods with proximal retail and higher street connectivity seem to be associated with less ST. These effects were sex and city specific.

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Digital Panoramic Radiography in Dental Age Estimation

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac113.1058510594 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 10585-10594

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Area Ratio ◽

P Value ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Digital Panoramic Radiography ◽

Morphological Variables ◽

Mandibular First Molar

The present study aimed to assess the validity of coronal pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) and tooth/coronal index (TCI) indices in the mandibular first molar and second premolar for age estimation.110 digital panoramic radiographs of 60 male and 50 female subjects aged between 15 to 44 years were studied. The coronal pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) and tooth/crown index (TCI) of mandibular first molar and second premolar teeth was measured using AutoCAD software. Data were analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient regression formula and, t-test, and ANOVA. Considering the effect of sex, differences in the morphological variable of mandibular first molar and second premolar were not statistically significant. In the mandibular first molars, the subject’s age significantly affects the AR (P-value=0.003) and TCI (P-value=0.027) indices. There was a significant and positive correlation between the two morphological variables of AR and TCI (r=0.797 for mandibular second premolar and r=0.0686 for a mandibular first molar, P-value<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that concurrent application of the two indices in one formulation could be a reliable technique for age estimation. According to the results of this study, in the Iranian populations, the application of AR and TCI indices simultaneously in one formulation had better results for age estimation in younger adults.

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Bone splitting method in the case of osseous ridges of reduced dimensions – case study

Romanian Journal of Stomatology ◽

10.37897/rjs.2015.1.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 68-70

Author(s):

Ionuţ Daniel Mihai ◽

◽

Roxana Mihai ◽

Elena Despa ◽

Doina Lucia Ghergic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Success Rate ◽

Female Patient ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Splitting Method ◽

3D Scanner ◽

Bony Structure ◽

Reduced Dimensions

Introduction. In the case of patients with reduced vestibular-palatal or vestibular-lingual ridges with a dimension under 3-4 mm, in order to allow the insertion of endoosseous implants, we are forced, more than often, to resort to osseous grafts. The bone splitting method allows, with the help of piezosurgery tools, to increase the intracortical distance and to regenerate the bony structure in a guided way, with a success rate up to 98%. Material and method. The bone splitting method was used in the case of 65-year-old female patient, who, at the level of 22, had internal radicular resorption with mobility of III degree. The patient asked for both a provisory as well as a permanent aesthetic solution regarding the replacement of 22 after extraction. Therefore, we used the 3D scanner in order to determine the osseous dimension necessary for an implant insertion and, as a result of the clinical examination, the patient had an intracortical vestibular-palatal dimension of 3 mm. In this clinical study, the decision was to augment the ridge through the bone splitting method and to insert a 3.7 mm implant in diameter and 8 mm in length at the level of 22 area. Conclusions. During the same visit we performed the extraction, the bony augmentation of the ridge, the insertion of the implant and a provisory crown was cemented. As a result of the augmentation, the intracortical diameter increased from 3 mm to 5 mm and the patient was given a permanent prosthesis 2 month after implant insertion.

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Flat Foot and Postural Harmony in 6-Year-Old Caucasians: What is Their Relationship?

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.5535/arm.19091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 320-326

Author(s):

Teresa Paolucci ◽

Letizia Pezzi ◽

Alice Mannocci ◽

Giuseppe La Torre ◽

Rosa Grazia Bellomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

The Other ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Flat Foot ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Other Hand ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Posterior Direction ◽

Postural Assessment

Objective To determine whether asymptomatic flexible flat feet show specific postural assessment with respect to neutral feet in 6-year-old children.Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 164 subjects were observed and divided into two groups: 57 with flexible flat feet and 107 with neutral feet. A non-quantitative inspection by podoscopy and baropodometry were performed to evaluate plantar support, and a clinical examination to assess postural setting.Results The prevalence of flexible flat feet was 34.8%. The differenceinthe mean centre of pressure (CoP) between the two groups was significant (p=0.028), regarding the antero-posterior direction of CoP only. There was no significant differencein the presence of postural growth disharmony between the neutral and flat-feet groups.Conclusion The flattening of the plantar archseems to be linked to a displacement of CoP Y, more posterior in flat feet than in neutral feet; on the other hand, postural harmony in 6-year-old children during growth is not influenced by flat feet.

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Estimation of calcaneal deformation while standing from the boolean operation between 3D and footprint image and its comparison with lateral x-ray

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201820407001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

pp. 07001

Author(s):

Dwi Basuki Wibowo ◽

Agus Suprihanto ◽

Achmad Widodo ◽

Gunawan Dwi Haryadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Boolean Operation ◽

X Rays ◽

Older Person ◽

3D Scanner ◽

X Ray ◽

Digital Footprint ◽

Heel Pad ◽

Excessive Body Weight

Load and deformation in the calcaneal/heel region are often studied because of their potential for pain. Research conducted before proved that the calcaneal region receives large loads, both standing and walking, mainly due to excessive body weight. While heel pad deformation is not always associated with body weight, but its influenced by the mechanical properties of plantar soft tissues. In the older person the deformation of the calcaneal region while standing is lower than the adult person, which indicates the loss of the elasticity of the heel pad in aged adults. The aim of this study is estimating deformation of calcaneal area while standing from the Boolean Operation between 3D and footprint image of foot which is a novelty. Thirteen patients who feel pain due to calcanea spur were asked to volunteer research (3 males and 10 females, age 56 ±10 years old, and BMI 25.53±3.74 kg/m2). The 3D image is obtained from 3D scanner for foot orthotics, while the 2D footprint image is obtained from the digital footprint scanner. To determine the accuracy of this method compared with the deformation result of lateral x-rays due to its own weight.

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Tumor Diagnosis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053966 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 262-265

Author(s):

Bruce Mackay

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Specific Diagnosis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

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Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 1258-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan K. MacPherson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incongruent Condition ◽

Sentence Production ◽

Movement Duration ◽

Production Task ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

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