scholarly journals Device for persons with low vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 02008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Horațiu Sîrbu ◽  
Daniela Mariana Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilateral Impairment

As defined by http://www.lowvision.org, “low vision is a bilateral impairment to vision that significantly impairs the functioning of the patient and cannot be adequately corrected with medical, surgical, therapy, conventional eyewear or contact lenses”. The device is a keyboard that can be connected to any computer, phone or tablet via cable or Bluetooth. The keyboard will have eight buttons, two of them are predefined, and the other 6 form the Braille language cell.

Low Vision Services in an Agency: Structure and Philosophy

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Eleanor E. Faye ◽  
Clare M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Medical Director ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Loan System ◽  
Training Services ◽  
And Training

The development and present structure of the comprehensive Low Vision Service of the New York Association for the Blind are used as the basis for a full discussion of the operation of such a clinical service, including its positive and negative features. The clinic is administered by a medical director and by an administrator who coordinates the work of a staff consisting of ophthalmologists, optometrists, low vision assistants, volunteers, registrar, and receptionist. A separate Optical Aids Service stocks low vision aids which it sells by prescription to clinics, doctors, and patients within and without the agency. Referrals for special services are made to the other departments of the agency. Also described are the low vision examination itself, follow-up and training services, and the aid loan system.

Loss of vision

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mollan ◽  
Alastair Denniston
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Age Related

Loss of vision describes a reduction in vision that cannot be corrected by glasses or contact lenses. Patients who complain of changes in their vision may have loss of visual acuity, distorted vision, or visual field loss. The World Health Organization classifies visual impairment as blindness or low vision. Blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60 in the better eye. Low vision is present when the visual acuity is less than 6/18 but equal to or better than 3/60, in the better eye. The etiology of permanent visual loss is diverse and depends on the region studied. In the UK, the leading causes are age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, optic atrophy, and cataract. This chapter describes the clinical approach to the patient with loss of vision.

Low vision devices

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Arya ◽  
A Kalia ◽  
K Pant ◽  
S Sood
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Traditional Methods

A person with low vision has some useful sight. However, low vision usually interferes with the performance of daily activities such as reading or driving. Because low vision cannot be improved by mere traditional methods (i.e., the use of eyeglasses, contact lenses, etc), persons with low vision often rely on the use of a number of different instruments, called low vision devices, and tailored equipment for improved vision. Low vision devices are described in this article. DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i1.3710 Nep J Oph 2010;2(1) 74-77

Air Travel and Contact Lenses: A Laboratory Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-454
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Laviana ◽  
Frederick H. Rohles
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The cabin of an inflight aircraft contains approximately 10% relative humidity (rh). To investigate the impact of this environment on eye comfort, an inflight humidity profile was simulated in a controlled laboratory setting. The experiment was replicated 3 times using a group of 4 subjects (2 males; 2 females) per test. Participants served in both control and experimental roles by wearing a hydrophilic contact lens on one eye and no lens on the other. Subjects provided evaluations of “eye comfort” for both eyes (contact and naked) at specified intervals during the 10 hour test. The results indicated that at 10% rh, there was no significant difference in eye comfort for either wearers or nonwearers of soft contact lenses. However, comfort decreased with the length of exposure (flight time), and for durations of six hours or longer a significant annoyance was reported.

scholarly journals Refractive behavior changes with six months daily wear of high and low oxygen permeability hydrogel contact lenses

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D.H. Gillan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Silicone Hydrogel ◽  
Refractive State ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Silicone Hydrogels

Introduction: The investigation of myopia and soft contact lenses is not new. Many reports show  that  the  wearing  of  silicone  hydrogel lenses as opposed to conventional disposable hydrogel lenses results in little progression of myopia in the eyes wearing silicone hydrogels. Method: Six subjects wore a silicone hydro-gel lens on one eye while the other eye wore a habitual disposable hydrogel lens for six months of daily wear. Fifty measurements of refractive state in each eye were taken prior to the subjects wearing a silicone lens in one eye and a conven-tional hydrogel lens in the other eye. After six months of daily wear another fifty measurements of refractive state were taken for each subject. Results:  Although  there  is  no  statisti-cal  support  for  the  findings  of  this  study, comet stereo-pairs are used to show the chang-es in refractive state for each subject. Four of  the  six  subjects  showed  an  increase  in myopia in the eye wearing the silicone lens. Discussion:  The  increase  in  myopia in eyes wearing a silicone hydrogel lens is contrary  to  the  findings  of  other  studies.

The Use of ‘Stalking Horse' Evaluation Prototypes for Probing DTV Accessibility Requirements

2011 ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Mark Springett ◽  
Richard Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Digital Tv ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

This chapter describes a technique that utilises established usability evaluation techniques to discover a range of accessibility requirements for digital TV (DTV) viewers with low vision. A study was reported in which two “stalking horse” prototype conditions were tried by subjects performing interactive tasks. These prototypes were not developed technologies but Wizard-of-Oz style conditions. In one condition subjects were asked to use gestures to interact with DTV services, with the screen responding to their hand movements. The other condition used a static keyboard display placed on the table in front of them. Their role was both to probe the efficacy of these approaches and to prompt rich information relating to the subjects abilities, lifestyles, and strategies for interaction. The reported study analyses four viewers with differing types of sight impairment. .The reported study was successful in yielding both general concerns about current approaches to DTV display and interactivity design as well as giving significant insights into the possible potential of and difficulties with alternative input methods. The sessions yielded numerous critical incidents, examples of which are reported and analysed. The format also yielded key insights into the way in which individual viewers compensate for diminished vision by using alternative skills such as touch-typing and alternative sensory signals, inductive reasoning and heuristics. The significance of these insights for DTV design and accessibility support is then discussed.

Independent eye movements in the turtle

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ariel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Retinal Slip ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Velocity

AbstractIn order to evaluate the normal eye movements of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans, the positions of each eye were recorded simultaneously using two search-coil contact lenses. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was strikingly unyoked in this animal such that one eye's slow-phase velocity was substantially independent of that of the other eye. On the other hand, the fast-phase motions of both eyes occurred more or less in synchrony.An eye's slow-phase gain is primarily dependent on the direction and velocity of the stimulus to that eye. Using monocular stimuli, the highest mean gain (0.54 ± 0.047; mean ± standard error of mean) occurred using temporal-to-nasal movement at 2.5 deg/s. The mean OKN gain for nasal-to-temporal movement was only 0.13 ± 0.015 at that velocity. Additionally, using the optimal monocular stimulus (temporal-to-nasal stimulation at 2.5 deg/s) only drove the occluded eye to move nasal-to-temporally at 0.085 deg/s, equivalent to a “gain” of only 0.034 ± 0.011.The binocular OKN gain during rotational stimuli was higher than monocular gain, especially during nasal-to-temporal movement at high velocities. Also the difference in slow-phase eye velocity between the two eyes was smaller during binocular rotational stimuli. In contrast, when each eye simultaneously viewed its temporal-to-nasal stimulus at an equal velocity, two behaviors were observed. Often, OKN alternated between an animal's left eye and right eye. Occasionally, both eyes moved at equal but opposite velocities.These behavioral data provide a quantitative baseline to interpret the properties of the retinal slip information in the turtle's accessory optic system. Those properties are similar to the behavior of the turtle in that both are tuned to direction and velocity independently for each eye (Rosenberg & Ariel, 1990).

scholarly journals Prospects for manipulating peripheral defocus in hyperopic children: a literature review

The Eye ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3(131)) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Markova ◽  
A. V. Myagkov ◽  
G. V. Avakyants
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
The One ◽  
Lens Wear ◽  
High Hyperopia

In recent years, the use of contact lenses (CL) in pediatric ophthalmology practice has become increasingly relevant. It is, on the one hand, associated with an increasing compliance with guidelines for using contact lenses and the improvement of lenses’ capabilities, on the other hand. Currently, the indications to contact lens wear in children are the same as for the adults, although with certain specific limitations. In addition, there is also a number of specific indications for using contact lenses in children. In this regard, the purpose of this review was to study the effect of using hyperopic defocus inducing CLs in young children with moderate and high hyperopia.Conflict of interest: Elena Yu. Markova and Alexander V. Myagkov, being members of the editorial board of the journal, were excluded from the process of peer review and making a decision on the acceptance of this article.

scholarly journals Complex program for the prevention of the development and progression of refractive errors in school year children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
T.K. Botabekova ◽  
◽  
N.A. Aldasheva ◽  
V.R. Abdullina ◽  
I.S. Stepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Preventive Screening ◽  
Poor General Health ◽  
School Year ◽  
Complex Program

Aim: to develop a complex preventive and therapeutic program for refractive errors in school year children. Patients and Methods: 1,760 pupils of elementary, secondary, and high school of eight schools of Almaty (1,302 pupils of gymnasiums and 458 pupils of general education schools and sport boarding school) were examined. The 1st step was a preventive screening. The 2nd step was a distant interactive screening by teachers. The 3rd step was an eye examination of schoolers with low vision. The efficacy of the detection of visual impairments in schoolers during preventive and distant computer screening was compared. In addition, significant indicators for visual impairment monitoring in schoolers were identified. A "Program for the Prevention of the Development and Progression of Refractive Errors in Schoolchildren" was developed. To evaluate its efficacy, 140 pupils of general education schools with refractive errors and 1,302 pupils of gymnasiums with refractive errors or their high risk underwent eye examinations. In addition, to compare the effect of wearing glasses/contact lenses with full correction on the quality of life, 31 schoolers aged 12–17 with refractive errors were selected. Results: the rate of visual impairments was 28.4% among the pupils of general education schools and 31.3% among the pupils of gymnasiums. The most common refractive error was myopia (46.9% and 65.4%, respectively). As children moved through their school carrier, the proportion of myopia tended to increase. Accommodative dysfunction ranked second 48.5% and 29.7%, respectively). Time spent on distant screening was twice less compared to time spent on preventive screening. Visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, reserves of relative accommodation, and axial length (measured by ultrasound) were indicators of visual impairments in children during monitoring. Poor general health was reported in 33% of children who wear glasses and 15% of children who wear contact lenses. Keywords: refractive errors, myopia, accommodation, schoolchildren, distant screening, prevention, vision correction with contact lenses. For citation: Botabekova T.K., Aldasheva N.A., Abdullina V.R. et al. Complex program for the prevention of the development and progression of refractive errors in school year children. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):135–142 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2021-21-3-135-142.

Low Vision and Aniridia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Bulmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Functional Changes

Aniridia affects many visual aspects of one’s life. This chapter will highlight many of these effects. Functional changes that occur due to aniridia will be discussed. Once the patient’s vision is assessed and goals are established with a thorough eye examination, numerous avenues can be taken to ensure the support of all the patient’s health care providers. Referrals can be made to appropriate professionals to ensure full understanding and management of the ocular condition. Visual acuity is the measurement used to determine vision levels. Normal vision is 20/20, which means that what a normal person sees at 20 feet, the patient sees at 20 feet. If their vision is 20/40, they would need to be at a distance of 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet. The decrease in visual acuity in those with aniridia usually ranges from under 20/60 to as low as approximately 20/400. This is due to the lack of development of the macular area, or fovea. The fovea is responsible for our clearest, most precise vision. Those with visual acuity of 20/200 or worse that is best corrected while wearing spectacles or contact lenses in the better-seeing eye are considered legally blind. While most people who suffer from aniridia are not legally blind, they are visual impaired. Visual impairment is defined as visual acuity of 20/70 in the better-seeing eye when optimally corrected with glasses or contact lenses. The designation of “visual impairment” also has a functionality factor. If a person has a reduction in the ability of the eye or the visual system to perform to a normal ability, he/she is considered visually impaired. Visual field is the measurement of peripheral vision. Those with aniridia may have decreased peripheral vision. This is not directly due to aniridia, but rather to glaucoma, which may develop due to structural changes in the eye. Glaucoma is explained in detail in the glaucoma chapter of this book.

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