scholarly journals Axiomatic Design Based Complexity Measures to Assess Product and Process Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Modrak ◽  
Zuzana Soltysova
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Product Platform ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Structure Complexity ◽  
Process Complexity ◽  
Process Structure

Definitions of complexity often depend on several circumstances, such as the nature of investigated complex system, the kind of complexity, the conceptual framework used for a study, the theoretical approach taken, and the like. In this paper, two complexity measures that are based on Boltzmann’s entropy concept and AD theory are proposed and described. The first measure quantifies product variety complexity and the second one focuses on process structure complexity. Such complexity techniques will be used to determine product platform complexity and related process complexity for early stage of design decision-making. The method focused on product platform complexity assumes that the distribution of FR-DP couplings offers a suitable complexity concept, which prescribes that coupled designs should be decoupled, if possible, since uncoupled design is ideal and a decoupled design is less good, while a coupled design is the least satisfactory. Analogically, the same principle is used for the purpose to quantify topological process complexity by transforming input components into process variables and product modules including final product into design parameters. Subsequently, relevant properties of these measures will be analysed by computational experiments. Finally, practical findings for mass customization practice will be presented.

scholarly journals Security Modeling for Web Based Visitor‘s Login System for Pursuance of Security Design Pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 982-991
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Design Pattern ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Use Of Internet

In recent years because of the widespread use of internet and other communication media security occurrences have broken all the barricades. System gets attacked by malicious attackers and various cyber criminalities. Every system should be built by taking security as a main priority while building a system so as to make it reliable, safety and also it should be enhanced with other quality parameters. Hence since beginning at every phase of software development till the implementation of the software, security aspect is needed to take into consideration before making the final design decision to avoid the expenses which may incur while recovering of the system after the damage. For attainment of this, it is must to integrate the security at each phase of the software development. The software developers insists on incorporating the software safeguards at the design phase which may wind up in identifying the architecture restrictions related with the security which in fact may not be necessary. To reduce this problem, this paper intends a structure for security development activities. These activities consist of security requirements identification and threats analysis which are to be converted into design decisions to lessen the risks to identified important assets. The recognized design parameters are then manually prioritized using VOSREP and CRAMM and accordingly Security design pattern is to be developed to incorporate security in the software. By manually calculating values of assets and prioritizing will help to identify the security requirements at the early stage of the software development life cycle. Accordingly the decisions for developing the security design pattern are to be taken for building the software system

scholarly journals SUPPORT FOR MANAGING PARTLY CONFIGURABLE MODULAR SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2791-2800
Author(s):  
Jarkko Pakkanen ◽  
Teuvo Heikkinen ◽  
Nillo Adlin ◽  
Timo Lehtonen ◽  
Janne Mämmelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper studies what kind of support could be applied to the management of partly configurable modular systems. The main tasks of product management, product portfolio management and product variety management are defined. In addition, a partly configurable product structure and modular system are defined. Because the limited support in the literature for managing partly configurable modular systems, the article reviews previous product development cases in which authors have been involved on lessons learnt basis, i.e., if the methods and tools used in the cases could provide support for the research objective. As a result, the existing definition of the modular system should be extended by the concepts of non-module and design decision sequence description when dealing with partly configurable modular systems. This is because engineer-to-order should be made possible in cases where it brings clear added value to the customer compared to completely pre-defined solutions that may limit the customer's interest in the offering. Tools to assess the impact of changes to the product offering are required. These should be taken into account in frameworks that are used in method and tool development.

A Product Variety Tradeoff Evaluation Method for a Family of Cordless Drill Transmissions

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn G. Conner ◽  
Joseph P. De Kroon ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Product Platform ◽  
Product Platforms ◽  
Individual Product ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Per Se

Abstract In this paper we present the Product Variety Tradeoff Evaluation Method for assessment of alternative product platforms in product family design. The Product Variety Tradeoff Evaluation Method is an attention-directing tool for evaluating tradeoffs between commonality and individual product performance for product platform alternatives with differing levels of commonality. We apply the Product Variety Tradeoff Evaluation Method to a case study in transmission redesign for a family of cordless drills. The emphasis in this paper is placed on the method rather than on the results, per se.

Assessing Product Lifecycle Sustainability Using Uncertain Design Information at Conceptual Stage

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Z. Yang ◽  
B. Song
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a hierarchical fuzzy evaluation approach to product lifecycle sustainability assessment at conceptual design stages. The purpose is to advocate the emerging use of lifecycle engineering methods in support of evaluation and selection of design alternatives for sustainable product development. A fuzzy evaluation model is developed with a hierarchical criteria structure to represent different sustainability considerations in the technical, economic and environmental dimensions. Using the imprecise and uncertain early-stage product information, each design option is assessed by the model with respect to the hierarchical evaluation criteria. Lifecycle engineering methods, such as lifecycle assessment and lifecycle costing analysis, are applied to the generation of the evaluation criteria. This would provide designers with a more complete lifecycle view about the product’s sustainability potentials to support decision-making in evaluation and selection of conceptual designs. The proposed approach has been implemented in a sustainable design decision-support software prototype. Illustrative examples are discussed in the paper to demonstrate the use of the approach and the prototype in conceptual design selection of a consumer product.

Creating space and time for innovation - a methodology for building adaptation design appraisal using physics-based simulation tools and interactive multi-objective optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida Shahi ◽  
Philip Beesley ◽  
Carl Thomas Haas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Building Adaptation ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Physics Based Simulation ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeIt is crucial to consider the multitude of possible building adaptation design strategies for improving the existing conditions of building stock as an alternative to demolition.Design/methodology/approachIntegration of physics-based simulation tools and decision-making tools such as Multi-Attribute Utility (MAU) and Interactive Multi-objective Optimization (IMO) in the design process enable optimized design decision-making for high-performing buildings. A methodology is presented for improving building adaptation design decision making, specifically in the early-stage design feasibility analysis. Ten residential building adaptation strategies are selected and applied to one primary building system for eight performance metrics using physics-based simulation tools. These measures include energy use, thermal comfort, daylighting, natural ventilation, systems performance, life cycle, cost-benefit and constructability. The results are processed using MAU and IMO analysis and are validated through sensitivity analysis by testing one design strategy on three building systems.FindingsQuantifiable comparison of building adaptation strategies based on multiple metrics derived from physics-based simulations can assist in the evaluation of overall environmental performance and economic feasibility for building adaptation projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe current methodology presented is limited to the analysis of one decision-maker at a time. It can be improved to include multiple decision-makers and capture varying perspectives to reflect common practices in the industry.Practical implicationsThe methodology presented supports affordable generation and analysis of a large number of design options for early-stage design optimization.Originality/valueGiven the practical implications, more space and time is created for exploration and innovation, resulting in potential for improved benefits.

Decision Making and Decision Support Within New Product Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 258-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart MacCarthy ◽  
Robert Pasley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Product ◽  
Group Decision Support Systems ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Decision Attributes ◽  
Product And Process

There is an extensive literature on new product and process development (NPD). However, the analysis of decision making and decision support requirements in this area is less well researched. Here we discuss decision making in the context of NPD and identify decision types and decision attributes relevant to the NPD context. They illustrate the approach by analyzing NPD decisions in three industrial cases with a focus on early stage NPD decisions. They create a set of attributes with reference to the decision making literature. They find these attributes can be used to codify decisions in order to characterize them. They find the design decisions in these case studies to be creative and brainstorming-led with a low level of structure. The results provide insights both on decision making in NPD in practice and on the requirements for group decision support systems (GDSS) in this area. The authors suggest that an argumentation-based GDSS that allows structure to be developed may be suitable for these decisions. The cases are used to illustrate the application of the approach and show an interesting set of example decision types, but do not cover the range of NPD decisions that may be evident in a larger set of companies.

scholarly journals Introducing Value Axiom for New Design Creations

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakao ◽  
Kenji Iino
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Perfect Set ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Japanese Yen

This paper proposes “Value Axiom” that states “The larger the sum of Customer Attribute values, the better the design.” A customer evaluates a design with the sum of the value produced by each Customer Attribute, expressing it with a monetary value such as Japanese yen. A designer can hardly estimate and express a perfect set of Customer Attributes at the early stage of a design. The designer writes down the design equation to visualize the entire design, and improves the sets of Design Parameters and Functional Requirements using the Independence Axiom and Information Axiom, and at the same time, it is also important to review the values of Customer Attributes using the Value Axiom.

scholarly journals Trading Away Wide Brands for Cheap Brands

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2554-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Firm Competition ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact

Firms face competing needs to expand product variety and reduce production costs. Access to larger markets enables innovation to reduce costs. Although firm scale increases, foreign competition reduces markups. Firms' ability to recapture lost markups depends on the interplay between within-firm competition and across-firm competition. Narrowing product variety eases within-firm competition but lowers market share. I provide a theory detailing the impact of trade policy on product and process innovation. Unbundling innovation provides new insights into welfare gains and innovation policy. Product innovation increases welfare beyond standard gains from trade. The relative returns to innovation policy change with trade liberalization. (JEL D24, F13, O31)

Advancements in a Web-Based Framework in Product Family Optimization and Visualization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Mulberger ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Product Platforms ◽  
Number Of Customers

Today’s market is becoming increasingly more competitive as companies strive to achieve success by reaching a large number of customers in a mass market while simultaneously treating them as individuals in a customized market. Many companies have begun to appreciate the benefits of using product platforms as they increase the customizability of their offered products, while reducing development costs and time to market. However, product variety is not customization; it is simply an attempt on the part of a company to meet the individual needs of their customers by flooding the market with many variations of the same product. With recent innovations in the field of information technology, web-based product development methodologies provide the capability for advanced customer involvement during the design process, which is a crucial aspect of differentiating customization from variety. Current approaches have provided web-based frameworks where users are offered a limited amount of control in the design process by assembling different configurations of given modules or by choosing a product already available in the company database. The focus in this paper is on advancements to a web-based framework where design parameters are collected from the user by means of a web-based browser interface, optimization is completed using the specified parameters, and a 3D visual representation is dynamically provided based on the results from the optimization. This proposed framework is illustrated using an example from ongoing research involving General Aviation Aircraft design.

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