scholarly journals The Response Property of Inverted Siphon in Long Distance Water Distribution System

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Zhonghao Mao ◽  
Guanghua Guan ◽  
Zhonghua Yang ◽  
Ke Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Response Property ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Inverted Siphon

In order to design controllers for canals with inverted siphon especially for very long siphon, it is necessary to learn its response property. Compared to open canals, the water movement in inverted siphon is very different due to the fast travelling speed of wave and high water pressure. It is impossible to use openchannel model describe invert siphon section, and the delay caused by the siphon haven’t been discussed in existing literature. This paper proposes a response model of inverted siphon which contains a delay and an integrator in low frequencies, a constant gain in high frequencies. By comparing the response model to the results of simulation, this paper shows the response model is a good approximation. This paper studies a water distribution project consists of two canals and one inverted siphon. The result shows that the water level change at downstream end is significantly smaller than water change at upstream end. By applying response model of inverted siphon, this paper shows it is due to the delay of flow rate change from upstream end to downstream end.

Reaching economic leakage level through pressure management

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gonelas ◽  
V. Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
System Input ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Break Even Point

High non-revenue water (NRW) values as a percentage of system input volume form a serious problem that many water utilities worldwide have to confront nowadays. There are ways to mitigate the effect by adopting strategies with short- and long-term results. Water pressure management (PM) is one of the most efficient and effective NRW reduction strategies. To calculate pressure management of economic level of leakage (ELL), several steps have to be taken, such as full water costing, calculation of economic benefits and losses of PM interventions and definition of the related investment's break-even point. In this paper, the results of these three procedures required to define the ELL level are analyzed, in order to present the way they are linked together. The water distribution system of Kozani city (in Northern Greece) is used as the case study network. The results of both the net present values PM implementation results and the investment's break-even estimation are analyzed.

Detection of an Existing Local Loss in a Water Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2965-2968
Author(s):  
Di Xiao ◽  
Jian Wen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Local Loss ◽  
Optimal Monitoring ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Water distribution system is one of the most critical facilities in cities, and is more fragile compared with other structures. Losses in a water distribution system are often existed before health monitoring is implemented. This paper proposes to detect an existing local loss in a water distribution system on the basis of optimal monitoring of water pressure. The local loss is assumed at different positions with different extents, and pressures at monitoring stations is calculated, and the loss is then detected by minimizing the difference between the calculated and monitoring pressures at the monitoring stations. The efficiency is validated by example analysis. It is shown that an existing local loss is more reliably detected in a water distribution system with optimal monitoring.

scholarly journals Linear model of water movements for large-scale inverted siphon in water distribution system

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Zhonghao ◽  
Guan Guanghua ◽  
Yang Zhonghua ◽  
Zhong Ke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Inverted Siphon ◽  
L2 Norm ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract This paper proposes a linear model that relates the pressure head variations at the downstream end of an inverted siphon to the flow rate variations at two ends. It divides the pressure head variations in the inverted siphon into low-frequency part and high-frequency part. The two parts are caused by the deformation of the siphon wall and the reflection of acoustic wave, respectively. In order to build a simplified relation between wall deformation and low-frequency pressure head variations, the Preissmann slot method (PSM) is adopted in this paper. The linear model can also be used in other forms of structures, such as pipes and tunnels, where a pressurized flow condition is present. In comparison with simulation results using the finite volume method, the linear model shows an L2 norm of 0.177 for a large-scale inverted siphon and 0.044 for a PVC pipe. To this end, the linear model is adopted to model a large-scale inverted siphon in a virtual water delivery system. Simulation results show that the inverted siphon can reduce water fluctuations. An equation to quantify this effect is proposed based on the linear model.

scholarly journals GPU Acceleration of Hydraulic Transient Simulations of Large-Scale Water Supply Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Wanwan Meng ◽  
Yongguang Cheng ◽  
Jiayang Wu ◽  
Zhiyan Yang ◽  
Yunxian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hydraulic Transients ◽  
Practical Applications

Simulating hydraulic transients in ultra-long water (oil, gas) transmission or large-scale distribution systems are time-consuming, and exploring ways to improve the simulation efficiency is an essential research direction. The parallel implementation of the method of characteristics (MOC) on graphics processing unit (GPU) chips is a promising approach for accelerating the simulations, because GPU has a great parallelization ability for massive but simple computations, and the explicit and local features of MOC meet the features of GPU quite well. In this paper, we propose and verify a GPU implementation of MOC on a single chip for more efficient simulations of hydraulic transients. Details of GPU-MOC parallel strategies are introduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by simulating the benchmark single pipe water hammer problem. The transient processes of a large scale water distribution system and a long-distance water transmission system are simulated to investigate the computing capability of the proposed method. The results show that GPU-MOC method can achieve significant performance gains, and the speedup ratios are up to hundreds compared to the traditional method. This preliminary work demonstrates that GPU-MOC parallel computing has great prospects in practical applications with large computing load.

scholarly journals Array of prediction tools for understanding extent of wall effects on DBP formation in drinking water distribution systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Rao Poleneni ◽  
Enos C. Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wall Effects ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Simulated Distribution

Abstract The Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations of the United States force water utilities to be more concerned with their distributed water quality. Improved compliance requires understanding of reaction kinetics and wall effects of different distribution materials used on DBP formation. To validate results in a full-scale system, effect of different materials, wall effects, bulk reactions, and water movement is analyzed using simulated distribution system (SDS) tests, material specific simulated distribution system (MS-SDS) tests, pipe loop, and pipe section reactor (PSR); all built using materials from the city of Columbia, Missouri's distribution system. On average, the choice of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ductile iron can account for as much as 36% difference in trihalomethane (TTHM) formation and 60% difference in chlorine residual decay over time irrespective of the prediction model and operational strategy used. In the case of ductile iron, pipe effect (PE) is <1, which shows that in the ductile iron pipe systems there is a net loss of TTHM yield due to non-TTHM forming chlorine demand imposed by the pipe environment, whereas in PVC pipe, PE is >1. In PVC systems there is an overall increase in TTHM formation as a result of pipe wall surface reactions.

scholarly journals Sistem Monitoring Tekanan Air pada PDAM Gianyar Berbasis Web

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Sumartini Saraswati ◽  
I Wayan Agustya Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Master Data ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Monitoring Report

Regional Water Company (PDAM) Gianyar Regency is one of the regionally owned companies in Gianyar Regency. Gianyar PDAM is responsible for the availability of clean water for consumers in the Gianyar region and its surroundings. In a water distribution system, the PDAM monitors water pressure in the pipeline so that water is guaranteed to flow to the customer. During this time the system of recording water pressure on the manometer installed in each particular zone is done manually using report paper. The difficulty caused is the slow monitoring of water pressure reported by the recording officer to the distribution officer, so that the water distribution process becomes stagnant which ultimately harms the customers and the PDAM itself. This study aims to create a system that can record water pressure which makes it easier for the distribution head to get information quickly. With the research phase which includes data collection techniques, system analysis, and system design to maximize research and implement systems and tests on each system, it can be concluded that the system that has been made can run well and as expected. The functional features generated in this study are the dashboard graph of the average water pressure per month, processing master employee data, processing village master data, processing master manometer data, processing schedule data, manometer monitoring by officers, manometer monitoring by admin and manometer monitoring report .

A Practical Approach for Prioritizing The Replacement of Water Pipes in Mexico City

2010 ◽  
Vol 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tzatchkov ◽  
M. P. Hansen ◽  
H. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
List Type ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

AbstractIn Mexico City, one of the largest cities in the world, large losses occur in the drinking water distribution system, mainly due to the age of the pipes and the type of materials used in water delivery to the end user. In the past, most of the water distribution networks in the city were built with asbestos-cement pipes. Currently, policies dictate that they be replaced by polyethylene pipes. While the size of the city leads to limited financial resources, it is important to prioritize pipe replacement; therefore, a practical approach based on Deterioration Point Allocation (DPA) is proposed to define the priority level. In the next set of factors, each is represented by appropriate indicators:1. Failures in pipes and service connectionsa. Number of failures (leaks) in pipes repaired in one year for every 100 km of pipeline.b. Number of failures (leaks) repaired in one year per 1000 service connections.c. Spatial concentration of failures (leaks) in a pipe2. Annual pipe and service connections rehabilitation or replacement level per year.3. Operating parameters of the network: intermittent water supply, water pressure, and water losses4. Deterioration status of pipes and service connections5. Land subsidenceA score and a weight are assigned to each factor. The score depends on the values of the indicator, and the weight on the relative importance of the factor. The final score is used to prioritize the replacement and it is calculated by adding up the scores of each factor.Considering that available information is incomplete and unstructured, two levels of use are proposed: basic (with available data, using MS Excel) and advanced (using a GIS).

scholarly journals Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Lee ◽  
Kellogg J. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Rapidly growing populations and migration to urban areas in developing countries has resulted in a vital need for the establishment of centralized water systems to disseminate potable water to residents. Protected source water and modern, well-maintained drinking water treatment plants can provide water adequate for human consumption. However, ageing, stressed or poorly maintained distribution systems can cause the quality of piped drinking water to deteriorate below acceptable levels and pose serious health risks. This review will outline distribution system deficiencies in developing countries caused by: the failure to disinfect water or maintain a proper disinfection residual; low pipeline water pressure; intermittent service; excessive network leakages; corrosion of parts; inadequate sewage disposal; and inequitable pricing and usage of water. Through improved research, monitoring and surveillance, increased understanding of distribution system deficiencies may focus limited resources on key areas in an effort to improve public health and decrease global disease burden.

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