scholarly journals The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecular diagnostic ratios as a source identification tool - case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00062
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janoszka ◽  
Justyna Klyta ◽  
Łukasz Laks ◽  
Krzysztof Słaby
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Processes

Levoglucosan (LG) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic substances emitted from variety of anthropogenic sources, mainly as a result of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material. The seasonality of PAHs emissions is a well demonstrated fact, observed in most monitoring studies, where PAHs air concentrations in winter are much higher than their respective in the summer, due to seasonally variable emission sources. Various techniques have been proposed as ideal source identification (or apportionment) tools, and much debate exists in scientific literature about the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. The most common methodology is the use of molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs). Based on the annual measurement campaign in rural site located on South Poland, were levoglucose and PAHs were analyzed, the MDRs were determined. The results showed that the combustion processes of solid fuels, including biomass, are mainly responsible for air quality.

scholarly journals Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Froger ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
Claudy C. Jolivet ◽  
Line Boulonne ◽  
Giovanni Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31200 µg · kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg · kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15PAHs concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios supports the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950 with in particular the contribution of coal/biomass combustion and iron-steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.

Seasonal Trend And Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated With Fine Particulate Matters (PM2.5 ) In Isfahan City, Iran Using Diagnostic Ratio and PMF Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Soleimani ◽  
Zohreh Ebrahimi ◽  
Nourollah Mirghaffari ◽  
Hossein Moradi ◽  
Nasibeh Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Particulate matters (PMs) and their associated chemical compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important factors to evaluate air pollution and its health impacts particularly in developing countries. Source identification of these compounds can be used for air quality management. The aim of this study was to identify the sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Isfahan city, a metropolitan and industrialized area in central Iran. The PM2.5 samples were collected at 50 sites during one year. Source identification and apportionment of PAHs were carried out using diagnostic ratios (DRs) of PAHs and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 8 to 291 µg/m3 with an average of 60.2 ± 53.9 µg/m3 whereas the sum of concentrations of the 19 PAH compounds (ƩPAHs) ranged from 0.3 to 61.4 ng/m3 with an average of 4.65 ± 8.54 ng/m3. The PAH compounds showed their highest and lowest concentrations in fall and summer, respectively. Applying DRs, suggested that the source of the PAHs were mainly from fuel combustion. The main sources identified by the PMF model were gasoline combustion (28 %) followed by diesel combustion (22 %), natural gas combustion (17 %), evaporative-uncombusted (13 %), industrial activities (11 %), and unknown sources (9 %). The results revealed that in addition to transportation and industrial activities, combustion of natural gas for heating systems as one of the PAHs source in PM2.5 should be managed in the metropolitan area.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Yellow River-Dominated Margin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ding ◽  
Yunping Xu ◽  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for surface sediments and a sediment core from the Yellow River-dominated margin. The concentration of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 5.6 to 175.4 ng g−1dry weight sediment (dws) with a mean of 49.1 ng g−1 dws. From 1930 to 2011, the distribution of PAHs (37.2 to 210.6 ng g−1 dws) was consistent with the socioeconomic development of China. The PAHs’ concentration peaked in 1964 and 1986, corresponding to the rapid economic growth in China (1958–1965) and the initiation of the “Reform and Open” policy in 1978, respectively. The applications of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest that PAHs are predominantly produced by the coal and biomass combustion, whereas the contribution of petroleum combustions slightly increased after the 1970s, synchronous with an increasing usage of oil and gas in China.

scholarly journals Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Claire Froger ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
Claudy C. Jolivet ◽  
Line Boulonne ◽  
Giovanni Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15 PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31 200 µg kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15 PAH concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios support the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950, in particular with the contribution of coal and/or biomass combustion and iron–steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.

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