Optimization and analysis for palm oil mill operations via input-output optimization model

A typical palm oil mill produces crude palm oil, crude palm kernel oil and other biomass from fresh fruit bunches. While the milling process is well established in the industry, insufficient research and development has been done on analyzing the operational performance of a mill. Factors such as operating time and fruit availability affect the performance of a palm oil mill (e.g., capital, operating and labor costs). This paper presents an input-output model to optimize the operations of a palm oil mill based on maximum economic performance. Following this, feasible operating range analysis (FORA) is performed to study the utilization and flexibility of the process. A palm oil mill case study in Malaysia is used to illustrate the proposed approach. Based on the optimized results, it was found that 37% reduction in capital cost and 49% increase in economic performance is achieved. Meanwhile, the utilization index of the mill during peak season increases from 0.48 to 0.76.

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Hybrid Approach for Optimisation and Analysis of Palm Oil Mill

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7020100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steve Foong ◽

Viknesh Andiappan ◽

Raymond Tan ◽

Dominic Foo ◽

Denny Ng

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Operating Time ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Milling Process ◽

Range Analysis ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

A palm oil mill produces crude palm oil, crude palm kernel oil and other biomass from fresh fruit bunches. Although the milling process is well established in the industry, insufficient research and development reported in optimising and analysing the operations of a palm oil mill. The performance of a palm oil mill (e.g., costs, utilisation and flexibility) is affected by factors such as operating time, capacity and fruit availability. This paper presents a hybrid combined mathematical programming and graphical approach to solve and analyse a palm oil mill case study in Malaysia. The hybrid approach consists of two main steps: (1) optimising a palm oil milling process to achieve maximum economic performance via input-output optimisation model (IOM); and (2) performing a feasible operating range analysis (FORA) to study the utilisation and flexibility of the developed design. Based on the optimised results, the total equipment units needed is reduced from 39 to 26 unit, bringing down the total capital investment by US$6.86 million (from 18.42 to 11.56 million US$) with 23% increment in economic performance (US$0.82 million/y) achieved. An analysis is presented to show the changes in utilisation and flexibility of the mill against capital investment. During the peak crop season, the utilisation index increases from 0.6 to 0.95 while the flexibility index decreases from 0.4 to 0.05.

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Synthesis of Fe and Zn Organic Fertilizer From Palm Oil Waste

Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) ◽

10.24114/ijcst.v3i2.19528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Lelita Rosanna Banjarnahor ◽

Siti Rahmah ◽

Marini Damanik ◽

Moondra Zubir

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

Indonesia has been placed as the world's first producer of crude palm oil and crude palm oil. In producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), the palm oil industry relies heavily on processing fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at palm oil mills (POM) and is traded internationally. However, this process also produces solid organic waste [ i.e. empty bunches (EFB)], which reach up to 25 %% of FFB. The analysis shows that the application of empty bunches as organic fertilizer has not been able to increase the amount of nutrients in palm oil leaves and increase palm oil production. Application of palm oil mill effluent which is able to increase the amount of nutrients in palm oil, especially nitrogen and phosphate, and a positive impact to increase the production of oil palm plantations, especially on productivity (tons / ha).

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Palm oil mill final discharge treatment by a continuous adsorption system using oil palm kernel shell activated carbon produced from two-in-one carbonization activation reactor system

Journal of Water Process Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 101262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Nahrul Hayawin ◽

M.F. Ibrahim ◽

J. Nor Faizah ◽

M. Ropandi ◽

A.A. Astimar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Reactor System ◽

Adsorption System ◽

Continuous Adsorption ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Discharge Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill

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ESTIMASI POTENSI BIOGAS DARI PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI JAMBI

Jurnal Civronlit Unbari ◽

10.33087/civronlit.v2i2.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Guntar Marolop S ◽

Hadrah Hadrah

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Process Management ◽

Operating Time ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Land Exploitation

The increasing of palm oil mills as a result of an increase in public interest of land exploitation to produce palm oil can cause high environmental pollution if the waste oil generated were not managed properly. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the wastewater generated by palm oil extraction process. On the other hand, POME is a renewable energy source. To address the need for electrical energy increases, the monitoring of POME is an effort that needs to be studied because POME is no longer a pollutant to the environment but a helpful resource.This study uses field data collection in the form of POME volume and treatment plant process management to determine the COD levels so that the estimation of total biogas can be done. Based on the calculation of the energy potential of POME in Jambi province with processing capacity of the entire Province amounted to 1,230 tons FFB / hour, 20 hours operating time / day and COD content of 50,000 mg / L, the amount of energy can be obtained is 737.712 MWh / day or 269.26 GWh / Year.Keywords: POME, biogas, energy

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Process Debottlenecking and Retrofit of Palm Oil Milling Process via Inoperability Input-Output Modelling

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815201012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 01012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

May May Tan ◽

Viknesh Andiappan ◽

Yoke Kin Wan

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Algebraic Approach ◽

Milling Process ◽

Screw Press ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Input Output ◽

Crude Palm Oil

In recent years, there has been an increase in crude palm oil (CPO) demand, resulting in palm oil mills (POMs) seizing the opportunity to increase CPO production to make more profits. A series of equipment are designed to operate in their optimum capacities in the current existing POMs. Some equipment may be limited by their maximum design capacities when there is a need to increase CPO production, resulting in process bottlenecks. In this research, a framework is developed to provide stepwise procedures on identifying bottlenecks and retrofitting a POM process to cater for the increase in production capacity. This framework adapts an algebraic approach known as Inoperability Input-Output Modelling (IIM). To illustrate the application of the framework, an industrial POM case study was solved using LINGO software in this work, by maximising its production capacity. Benefit-to-Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis was also performed to assess the economic feasibility. As results, the Screw Press was identified as the bottleneck. The retrofitting recommendation was to purchase an additional Screw Press to cater for the new throughput with BCR of 54.57. It was found the POM to be able to achieve the maximum targeted production capacity of 8,139.65 kg/hr of CPO without any bottlenecks.

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Efficiency and Marketing Margins Estimation of Oil Palm’s Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in Labuhanbatu Utara and Asahan Regency

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.32734/injar.v2i2.1209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Petrus Oktavianus Hutajulu ◽

Diana Chalil ◽

Surya Abadi Sembiring

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Composite Index ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Marketing Channel ◽

Marketing Channels ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Index Method ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Marketing Margins

This research study has reported different profit margin of smallholders in Labuhan Batu and Asahan which can be due to production’s cost incurred by smallholders. In addition, the price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm offered by eachtrader is also found different. This could be the differences in efficiency and the length of marketing channels traversed by partner and non-partner samllholders. The length of marketing chain was transferred to the marketing costs incurred and the margins received, so there is share for each marketing. Therefore such study is needed to estimate the marketing margins and channels of non-partner smallholders, partner smallholders, and explasma smallholders, the marketing functions carried out by each palm oil marketing channel in Kuala Hulu, factors that help samllholders choose marketing channels, increase marketing and the efficientcy of non-partner samllholders, partner smallholders, and explasma smallholders. The data used in this study are primary as well as secondary data. The analytical method used in the Shepperd’s Method, Acharya and Anggarwal’s Method, Composite Index Method, Marketing efficiency index method and Soekartawi Method. The analysis shows that there are 2 marketing channels, identified as Channel 1 : Smallholders-Middleman_RAM-Palm Oil Mill and Channel 2 : Smallholders-Middleman-Palm Oil Mill. The study has concluded that all smallholders do selling, transporting, standardization, risk bearing, and securing market information. Regular customer, services, contracts are figured out as the major reasons marketing agents choose marketing channels. The most efficient marketing channel is partner independent samllholders with the shortest channel.

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Investigating the Palm Oil Mill Wastes Properties for Thermal Power Plants

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.88.2.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Noraishah Shafiqah Yacob ◽

Hassan Mohamed ◽

Abd Halim Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Power Plants ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Renewable energy is a reliable solution for addressing global warming and fossil fuel depletion issues. Due to the abundance of biomass resources, such as palm oil wastes, which are currently underutilised, this is an opportunity for Malaysia to seize and implement this renewable energy solution for power generation. Palm oil mill wastes, such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF), and palm kernel shell (PKS), are worth to be investigated as a possible feedstock for combustion in thermal power plants. Co-combustion or co-firing of biomass in coal-fired thermal power plants offers a significant potential to reduce harmful emissions and represents a low cost and low-risk method. This paper aims to review and compare existing biomass thermal combustion technologies globally to evaluate the potential of utilising palm oil waste with coal. Before undergoing various pretreatment options, it is necessary to understand the feedstock characteristics for thermal power plant combustion. It is recommended to implement the combustion of palm oil wastes with coal in Malaysia to reduce harmful pollution. Based on the findings, Malaysia appears to be on the right track to optimise the use of palm oil wastes for electricity generation. The enhanced usage will reduce the negative impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

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INSTABILITAS RENDEMEN CPO PADA INDUSTRI MINYAK SAWIT [CPO Yield Instability on Palm Oil Industry]

Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.23960/jtihp.v23i2.82-88 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Fradana Subagya ◽

Endy Suwondo

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Production Equipment ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

The problem faced by the palm oil industry today is the instability of the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) yield. The condition of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) starting from the time of harvesting to transporting to the factory, including during stockpiling at the palm oil mill, is an influential factor affecting the yield of CPO. This study aimed to find the factors causing instability of CPO yield in the palm oil industry. I-MR control maps and fishbone diagrams were used to analyze the factors that cause low CPO yields. From the data analysis for three years, the evidence of CPO yield was not statistically controlled. The causative factor of CPO yield instability included the quality of raw materials, production equipment, character of workers, and environmental conditions, with the dominating factor was the low quality of raw materials.

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Utilization of Palm Oil Mill Residue as Sustainable Pavement Materials: A Review

International Journal of Integrated Engineering ◽

10.30880/ijie.2021.13.03.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

N. S. A. Yaro ◽

◽

M. Napiah ◽

M. H. Sutanto ◽

M. R. Hainin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Research Work ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Heavy Metal Leaching ◽

Pavement Materials ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Oil Fuel

The advances in industrial technology have led to a major rise in the amount and forms of residue, especially during the processing of agricultural products. With the paradigm shift towards renewable energy and sustainability, there is much emphasis on biomass energy around the world which generates an immense volume of residues yearly. These residues are burgeoning issues because they are not effectively managed and utilized. Hence, one solution is utilizing them in the pavement industry. This article focuses on palm oil mill residues that are abundantly available and discarded in Malaysia. This study evaluates published works of literature relating to the utilization of these residues like the Palm Oil Fiber (POF), Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), and Palm Oil Clinker (POC) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) in the pavement industry. The outcome of the review acknowledges the greater sustainability potential of these residues with affirmative and satisfactory performance via the result of numerous research work. Also, with a reduction in CO2-emission, low radioactivity, and heavy metal leaching level. Therefore, the review suggests more exploration and utilization of the residue in the pavement industry since it promotes safety and harness sustainability.

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