scholarly journals Problem of slip definition in driving systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mirosław ◽  
Marcin Mirosław
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Acoustic Wave Generation ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Friction Models ◽  
Definition Of

The pneumatic tire slip phenomena in vehicle driving system have been investigated for 100 years. Many models describe the tire –road force generation base on it, but in literature we can find various definition of slip. In this paper authors present the most known model of force generation and slip definitions and discuss consequences of choice of them. The model of force generation which is the combination of tire to road friction models and force carrying by deformable running elements which are getting and losing contact with road seems to be very simple and intuitive for process explanation. The implementation of the tire deformation model is the base for many models but is not easy to implement it into dynamic computer modelling of process. So for many years the most common models base on slip function. In paper the concept model is based on deformation introduced and its carry out balance is presented. This model has been adapted to other friction gears like belt gear or friction wheels modelling. The deformation model appears to be quite universal and developable to the energy efficiency analyses or acoustic wave generation.

Analysis and CAD modelling of a new geometric spiroid hob

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
S. Bodzás ◽  
I. Dudás
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Cad Modelling ◽  
Definition Of

The objectives of this publication are the analysis of surfaces and edges of a new geometric spiroid hob with arched profile in axial section and the definition of their equations for computer modelling. On the basis of this we will work out the CAD model of hob for our further geometric calculations.

scholarly journals Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal for a New Indicator to Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Lucia Cattani ◽  
Anna Magrini ◽  
Paolo Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Definition Of

Water extraction from air, based on reverse cycle systems, is becoming a technology more and more diffused and various models of air to water generators (AWG) are now available, all claiming the best efficiency. To date, there is not a standard indicator stating energy efficiency for AWGs, neither in the literature nor in technical practice. The only evaluation parameter, that can be found is a sort of specific energy consumption (SEC) without any clear indications about the involved calculation terms, definition of hypotheses, or environmental conditions. The current work is a first proposal of an indicator to standardise the AWG efficiency evaluation. The indicator is called WET (Water Energy Transformation); it states water production as a useful effect of an AWG machine and calculates its energy performance with an approach similar to COP (Coefficient of Performance) and EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) evaluation. The indicator is meant to be a normalised tool that permits comparing different AWG machines, but it is also the first part of a wider study, currently under development that is oriented to obtain a global index formulation that combines WET itself, EER and COP, and it is intended for a comprehensive evaluation of all the useful effects of a reverse cycle in integrated machines, in compliance with the current efficiency evaluation approach. The current paper presents the WET equation, with a discussion about involved terms, a set of normalised calculation conditions and some application examples, including a comparison with SEC.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of energy efficiency investments in dwellings = Evaluación económica de inversiones de eficiencia energética en viviendas

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Evaluación Económica ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

In order to improve the energy performance of buildings, the need to value economically investments of energy efficiency associated with the rehabilitation of dwellings arises. This point of view provides an useful tool for analysts who start in the economic appraisal of energy efficiency investments. The present research gives a conceptual framework for the economic assessment of these types of investments in dwellings. As a result, it is possible to identify two techniques in the appraisals of this nature: dynamic and static approaches. Both methods contrast the benefits (energy savings) with the costs of investments over time. However, they differentiate the opportunity and the moment when investment must be carried out given an uncertainty scenario. This conceptual precision allows the study of several publications where different alternatives in retrofitting houses where evaluated, confirming the considerations that must be taken into account when economic modelling is made: the type of approach to be used (dynamic or static) and; at the definition of the investment alternatives and scenarios, the aspects of time, irrevocability and uncertainty.ResumenEn pro de la mejora del desempeño energético de los edificios, surge la necesidad de evaluar económicamente las inversiones de eficiencia energética asociadas a la rehabilitación de viviendas. Este punto de vista trata de ser una herramienta útil para analistas que se inicien en la evaluación económica de inversiones en eficiencia energética. La presente investigación muestra un marco conceptual de la evaluación económica de este tipo de inversiones en viviendas. Como resultado, es posible identificar dos enfoques presentes en los análisis económicos de esta naturaleza: el dinámico y el estático. Ambos métodos contrastan los beneficios (ahorros energéticos) con los costes de las inversiones en el tiempo. Sin embargo, diferencian la oportunidad y el momento en que la inversión debe realizarse dado un escenario de incertidumbre. Esta precisión conceptual permite estudiar varias publicaciones donde se evaluaron diferentes alternativas de reacondicionamiento en viviendas, confirmándose las consideraciones que deben tenerse presentes en momento de realizar la modelación económica: el tipo de enfoque a usar (dinámico o estático) y, en la definición de las alternativas de inversión y escenarios, los aspectos de tiempo, irrevocabilidad e incertidumbre.

Research on Energy Efficiency Status of Fans in Zhejiang Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 963-966
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yan Gang Han ◽  
Hong Bo Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Jun Ya Fu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Standard System ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Definition Of

The fan industry has developed rapidly because of the large demand in the fields of thermal power, metallurgy and so on. There are many manufacturers in Zhejiang Province. However, energy efficiency projects are not carried out sufficiently in those factories. Compared with foreign standards on fan energy efficiency such as ANSI/AMCA 205 and ISO 12759, national standard GB 19761 still has some disparity in the scope of application, the energy efficiency classification and definition of energy efficiency. Using the experience of foreign standards and vigorously promoting the energy efficiency projects in the fan manufacturing enterprises could accelerate the development of domestic standard system on fan energy efficiency and entire fan industry.

Large Scale Cognitive Wireless Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Liang Song ◽  
Petros Spachos ◽  
Dimitrios Hatzinakos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Cognitive Wireless Networks ◽  
Definition Of

Cognitive radio has been proposed to have spectrum agility (or opportunistic spectrum access). In this chapter, the authors introduce the extended network architecture of cognitive radio network, which accesses not only spectrum resource but also wireless stations (networking nodes) and high-level application data opportunistically: the large-scale cognitive wireless networks. The developed network architecture is based upon a re-definition of wireless linkage: as functional abstraction of proximity communications among wireless stations. The operation spectrum and participating stations of such abstract wireless links are opportunistically decided based on their instantaneous availability. It is able to maximize wireless network resource utilization and achieve much higher performance in large-scale wireless networks, where the networking environment can change fast (usually in millisecond level) in terms of spectrum and wireless station availability. The authors further introduce opportunistic routing and opportunistic data aggregation under the developed network architecture, which results in an implementation of cognitive unicast and cognitive data-aggregation wireless-link modules. In both works, it is shown that network performance and energy efficiency can improve with network scale (such as including station density). The applications of large-scale cognitive wireless networks are further discussed in new (and smart) beyond-3G wireless infrastructures, including for example real-time wireless sensor networks, indoor/underground wireless tracking networks, broadband wireless networks, smart grid and utility networks, smart vehicular networks, and emergency networks. In all such applications, the cognitive wireless networks can provide the most cost-effective wireless bandwidth and the best energy efficiency.

Developing the fifth generation port concept model: an empirical test

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1098-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tae-Woo Lee ◽  
Jasmine Siu Lee Lam ◽  
Cheng-Wei Lin ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hu ◽  
Inkyo Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Service Standards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the 5GP concept with measurement of the performance of Busan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai ports, employing a hybrid method of consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR), VIsekriterijumska Optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and PROMETHEE. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed the concept of the fifth generation ports (5GPs), and apply CFPR, VIKOR and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate the 5GPs. Findings The performance of the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore is close to meet the definition of 5GP criteria. On the contrary, ports of Busan and Shanghai are still behind the 5GP stage in light of the majority of the evaluation criteria’s performance. Research limitations/implications This paper studies four ports. More empirical tests are needed to verify the applicability of the 5GP concept toward other ports. Practical implications The findings provided port managers with the insight of how to improve their port to meet the criteria of 5GP. Social implications New criteria and higher expectations of existing requirements present challenges to port managers for a need to raise the bar of service standards and develop new competencies. Originality/value The authors developed the concept of the 5GPs. Newly developed 5GP contributes to expanding the concepts of first to fourth generation ports developed by UNCTAD.

Open Loop Force Control of Piezo-Actuated Stick-Slip Drives

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Edeler ◽  
Sergej Fatikow
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Micro Actuator ◽  
Friction Models ◽  
Application Fields

In this paper a new method to generate forces with stick-slip micro drives is described. The forces are generated if the runner of the stick-slip drive operates against an obstacle. It is shown that the generated force can be varied selectively without additional sensors and that virtually any force between zero and a limiting force given by certain parameters can be generated. For the investigated micro actuator this force is typically in the range up to hundreds of mN. For this reason, the method has the potential to expand the application fields of stick-slip positioners. After the presentation of the testbed containing the measured linear axis, measurements showing the principle and important parameters are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the force generation can be qualitatively simulated using state-of-the-art friction models. Finally, the results are discussed and an outlook is given.

scholarly journals The formation of engine parks of the construction organizations with accounting of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08024
Author(s):  
Sergey Prochorov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Technical Operation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Optimal Set

Increase in energy efficiency of construction allows reducing costs of technical operation of parks of the equipment and increasing construction energy saving level in general. To achieve these goals, it is offered to apply modern methods of the organization and works, to use the hi-tech construction equipment, and also to form an optimum set of mechanization for construction and installation works. A criterion of optimization is the cost of work. In definition of performance data of the car at the enterprise, its energy efficiency is taken into account, the options are compared, and the optimal set of cars is formed. During the solution of the task, conclusions were formulated, showing that ecological planning and steering together with energy audit on the construction site allow more rational formation of parks of cars, improving ecological component and quality of construction works.

scholarly journals Human Creativity and Consciousness: Unintended Consequences of the Brain’s Extraordinary Energy Efficiency?

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Tim Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Creative Computing ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Susceptibility To Noise

It is proposed that both human creativity and human consciousness are (unintended) consequences of the human brain’s extraordinary energy efficiency. The topics of creativity and consciousness are treated separately, though have a common sub-structure. It is argued that creativity arises from a synergy between two cognitive modes of the human brain (which broadly coincide with Kahneman’s Systems 1 and 2). In the first, available energy is spread across a relatively large network of neurons, many of which are small enough to be susceptible to thermal (ultimately quantum decoherent) noise. In the second, available energy is focussed on a smaller subset of larger neurons whose action is deterministic. Possible implications for creative computing in silicon are discussed. Starting with a discussion of the concept of free will, the notion of consciousness is defined in terms of an awareness of what are perceived to be nearby counterfactual worlds in state space. It is argued that such awareness arises from an interplay between memories on the one hand, and quantum physical mechanisms (where, unlike in classical physics, nearby counterfactual worlds play an indispensable dynamical role) in the ion channels of neural networks, on the other. As with the brain’s susceptibility to noise, it is argued that in situations where quantum physics plays a role in the brain, it does so for reasons of energy efficiency. As an illustration of this definition of consciousness, a novel proposal is outlined as to why quantum entanglement appears to be so counter-intuitive.

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