Research on Energy Efficiency Status of Fans in Zhejiang Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 963-966
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yan Gang Han ◽  
Hong Bo Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Jun Ya Fu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Standard System ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Definition Of

The fan industry has developed rapidly because of the large demand in the fields of thermal power, metallurgy and so on. There are many manufacturers in Zhejiang Province. However, energy efficiency projects are not carried out sufficiently in those factories. Compared with foreign standards on fan energy efficiency such as ANSI/AMCA 205 and ISO 12759, national standard GB 19761 still has some disparity in the scope of application, the energy efficiency classification and definition of energy efficiency. Using the experience of foreign standards and vigorously promoting the energy efficiency projects in the fan manufacturing enterprises could accelerate the development of domestic standard system on fan energy efficiency and entire fan industry.

scholarly journals Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal for a New Indicator to Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Lucia Cattani ◽  
Anna Magrini ◽  
Paolo Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Definition Of

Water extraction from air, based on reverse cycle systems, is becoming a technology more and more diffused and various models of air to water generators (AWG) are now available, all claiming the best efficiency. To date, there is not a standard indicator stating energy efficiency for AWGs, neither in the literature nor in technical practice. The only evaluation parameter, that can be found is a sort of specific energy consumption (SEC) without any clear indications about the involved calculation terms, definition of hypotheses, or environmental conditions. The current work is a first proposal of an indicator to standardise the AWG efficiency evaluation. The indicator is called WET (Water Energy Transformation); it states water production as a useful effect of an AWG machine and calculates its energy performance with an approach similar to COP (Coefficient of Performance) and EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) evaluation. The indicator is meant to be a normalised tool that permits comparing different AWG machines, but it is also the first part of a wider study, currently under development that is oriented to obtain a global index formulation that combines WET itself, EER and COP, and it is intended for a comprehensive evaluation of all the useful effects of a reverse cycle in integrated machines, in compliance with the current efficiency evaluation approach. The current paper presents the WET equation, with a discussion about involved terms, a set of normalised calculation conditions and some application examples, including a comparison with SEC.

Antitrust compliance: system standardization issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
V. V. Soloviev, ◽  
S. V. Yushkin ◽  
S. V. Maksimov*
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Compliance

The article examines the etymology and prehistory of the introduction of the institution of antimonopoly compliance in Russian business practice, the relationship of this institution with the institution of general compliance. The article considers the definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance, enshrined in the new article 91 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition".The authors propose their own definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance as an activity of an economic entity aimed at ensuring compliance with antimonopoly legislation by employees of an economic entity and an economic entity as a whole by preventing and suppressing violations of the requirements of such legislation and regulatory legal and law enforcement acts based on it.The authors also substantiate the advisability of developing a special national standard GOST R "System of internal compliance with the requirements of antimonopoly legislation (antimonopoly compliance system) of an economic entity".It is noted that the effectiveness of the antimonopoly compliance system will depend not only on the ability of an economic entity to form an antimonopoly compliance system on the basis of an appropriate national standard, but also on the state's ability to determine and guarantee effective incentives to comply with antimonopoly legislation.The authors substantiate the advisability of supplementing the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with provisions that provide for the obligation and limits to reduce the amount of punishment or replace the punishment with a softer one in the event of an anticompetitive administrative offense by a person who has implemented an effective system of antimonopoly compliance.

Empirical Research on Energy Consumption Structure and Energy Efficiency - Evidence from Zhejiang Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3079-3082
Author(s):  
Di Ping Zhang ◽  
Shuang Shuang He ◽  
Gao Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Elasticity Coefficient ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Policy Suggestions

Taking Zhejiang province as an example, this paper conducted a comparative analysis on the current situation of the energy consumption structure from the vertical and horizontal using the descriptive statistical method. By calculating some indexes such as energy consumption per unit GDP, energy consumption elasticity coefficient, and so on, the study analyzes and evaluates the present situation, trend and influence factors of energy efficiency. Finally, it puts forward some policy suggestions about the optimization of energy consumption structure and energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of energy efficiency investments in dwellings = Evaluación económica de inversiones de eficiencia energética en viviendas

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Evaluación Económica ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

In order to improve the energy performance of buildings, the need to value economically investments of energy efficiency associated with the rehabilitation of dwellings arises. This point of view provides an useful tool for analysts who start in the economic appraisal of energy efficiency investments. The present research gives a conceptual framework for the economic assessment of these types of investments in dwellings. As a result, it is possible to identify two techniques in the appraisals of this nature: dynamic and static approaches. Both methods contrast the benefits (energy savings) with the costs of investments over time. However, they differentiate the opportunity and the moment when investment must be carried out given an uncertainty scenario. This conceptual precision allows the study of several publications where different alternatives in retrofitting houses where evaluated, confirming the considerations that must be taken into account when economic modelling is made: the type of approach to be used (dynamic or static) and; at the definition of the investment alternatives and scenarios, the aspects of time, irrevocability and uncertainty.ResumenEn pro de la mejora del desempeño energético de los edificios, surge la necesidad de evaluar económicamente las inversiones de eficiencia energética asociadas a la rehabilitación de viviendas. Este punto de vista trata de ser una herramienta útil para analistas que se inicien en la evaluación económica de inversiones en eficiencia energética. La presente investigación muestra un marco conceptual de la evaluación económica de este tipo de inversiones en viviendas. Como resultado, es posible identificar dos enfoques presentes en los análisis económicos de esta naturaleza: el dinámico y el estático. Ambos métodos contrastan los beneficios (ahorros energéticos) con los costes de las inversiones en el tiempo. Sin embargo, diferencian la oportunidad y el momento en que la inversión debe realizarse dado un escenario de incertidumbre. Esta precisión conceptual permite estudiar varias publicaciones donde se evaluaron diferentes alternativas de reacondicionamiento en viviendas, confirmándose las consideraciones que deben tenerse presentes en momento de realizar la modelación económica: el tipo de enfoque a usar (dinámico o estático) y, en la definición de las alternativas de inversión y escenarios, los aspectos de tiempo, irrevocabilidad e incertidumbre.

scholarly journals Business splitting: compliance with the principle of tax certainty in law enforcement practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Karina A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Splitting Scheme ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
New Business ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of

The subject. The problems of business splitting, when several new business entities are created on the basis of an existing organization in order to maintain a preferential special tax regime, are considered in the article. The aim of this paper is to find out criteria of unjustified tax benefit in the cases concerning business splitting. The methodology. The author uses methods of theoretical analysis, particularly the theory of integrative legal consciousness, as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and analysis of recent judicial practice. The main results, scope of application. The problems of assessing the circumstances of cases involving the application of a business splitting scheme by the taxpayer are inextricably linked to the assessment of the validity of the tax benefit. According to the author, splitting schemes should not be considered as tax evasion, but as an abuse of law. In addition, in order to substantiate the conclusion that a taxpayer has applied a business splitting scheme, the tax authority must have evidence that will indicate that the taxpayer has committed deliberate concerted actions together with persons under its control, aimed not so much at dividing the business as at obtaining an unjustified tax benefit as a result of using such a scheme. Judicial practice is quite ambiguous. Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that еhe key concept subject to criticism is the blurred criteria for obtaining tax benefits for taxpayers and the definition of the edge when it passes into the category of unjustified tax benefit.

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